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Aetobarbakinoides
''Aetobarbakinoides'' is an extinct genus of stagonolepidid aetosaur known from the Late Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. Fossils have been found from the Santa Maria Supersequence of the late Carnian and early Norian stages, making ''Aetobarbakinoides'' one of the oldest aetosaurs. The type species, ''A. brasiliensis'', was named in 2012, and is notable for being described primarily by features of the vertebrae; most other aetosaurs are diagnosed by features in bony plates called osteoderms, which are by far the most common material. Although placed in a basal phylogenetic position among aetosaurs, ''Aetobarbakinoides'' is closely related to both desmatosuchines and typothoracisines, two derived clades of aetosaurs. Discovery ''Aetobarbakinoides'' is known only from the holotype specimen CPE2 168, a partially articulated partial postcranial skeleton which is housed at the Coleção Municipal in São Pedro do Sul. It was found near the city of São Ped ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stagonolepidid
Aetosaurs () are heavily armored reptiles belonging to the extinct order Aetosauria (; from Greek, (aetos, "eagle") and (, "lizard")). They were medium- to large-sized omnivorous or herbivorous pseudosuchians, part of the branch of archosaurs more closely related to crocodilians than to birds and other dinosaurs. All known aetosaurs are restricted to the Late Triassic, and in some strata from this time they are among the most abundant fossil vertebrates. They have small heads, upturned snouts, erect limbs, and a body ornamented with four rows of plate-like osteoderms (bony scutes). Aetosaur fossil remains are known from Europe, North and South America, parts of Africa, and India. Since their armoured plates are often preserved and are abundant in certain localities, aetosaurs serve as important Late Triassic tetrapod index fossils. Many aetosaurs had wide geographic ranges, but their stratigraphic ranges were relatively short. Therefore, the presence of particular aetosaurs can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aetosaur
Aetosaurs () are heavily armored reptiles belonging to the extinct order Aetosauria (; from Greek, (aetos, "eagle") and (, "lizard")). They were medium- to large-sized omnivorous or herbivorous pseudosuchians, part of the branch of archosaurs more closely related to crocodilians than to birds and other dinosaurs. All known aetosaurs are restricted to the Late Triassic, and in some strata from this time they are among the most abundant fossil vertebrates. They have small heads, upturned snouts, erect limbs, and a body ornamented with four rows of plate-like osteoderms (bony scutes). Aetosaur fossil remains are known from Europe, North and South America, parts of Africa, and India. Since their armoured plates are often preserved and are abundant in certain localities, aetosaurs serve as important Late Triassic tetrapod index fossils. Many aetosaurs had wide geographic ranges, but their stratigraphic ranges were relatively short. Therefore, the presence of particular aetosaurs can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aetosauroides
''Aetosauroides'' (meaning "''Aetosaurus''-like") is an extinct genus of aetosaur from the Late Triassic of South America. It is one of four aetosaurs known from South America, the others being ''Neoaetosauroides'', '' Chilenosuchus'' and ''Aetobarbakinoides''. Three species have been named: the type species ''A. scagliai'', ''A. subsulcatus'' and ''A. inhamandensis''. Fossils have been found in the Cancha de Bochas Member of the Ischigualasto Formation in the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin in northwestern Argentina and the Santa Maria Formation in the Paraná Basin in southeastern Brazil. The strata date to the late Carnian and early Norian stages, making ''Aetosauroides'' one of the oldest aetosaurs. Description Most individuals of ''Aetosauroides'' measured around in length, with one large individual reaching (with histology suggesting an age of 23 years). Sexual maturity was probably reached at in length, although these individuals were not yet fully grown. Sexual dim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desmatosuchus
''Desmatosuchus'' (, from Greek δεσμός ''desmos'' 'link' + σοῦχος ''soûkhos'' 'crocodile') is an extinct genus of archosaur belonging to the Order Aetosauria. It lived during the Late Triassic. Description ''Desmatosuchus'' was a large quadrupedal reptile upwards of to in lengthvon Baczko, M. B., Desojo, J. B., Gower, D. J., Ridgely, R., Bona, P., & Witmer, L. M. (2021)New digital braincase endocasts of two species of Desmatosuchus and neurocranial diversity within Aetosauria (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) The Anatomical Record, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24798 and in weight. Its vertebral column had amphicoelus centra and 3 sacral vertebrae. This archosaur's most distinguishing anatomical characteristics were its scapulae which possessed large acromion processes commonly referred to as "shoulder spikes". The forelimbs were much shorter than the hindlimbs, with humeri less than two-thirds the length of the femurs. The pelvic girdle consisted of a long pub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Maria Formation
The Santa Maria Formation is a sedimentary rock formation found in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is primarily Carnian in age (Late Triassic), and is notable for its fossils of cynodonts, "rauisuchian" pseudosuchians, and early dinosaurs and other dinosauromorphs, including the herrerasaurid '' Staurikosaurus'', the basal sauropodomorphs ''Buriolestes'' and '' Saturnalia,'' and the lagerpetid ''Ixalerpeton''. The formation is named after the city of Santa Maria in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, where outcrops were first studied. The Santa Maria Formation makes up the majority of the Santa Maria Supersequence, which extends through the entire Late Triassic. The Santa Maria Supersequence is divided into four geological sequences, separated from each other by short unconformities. The first two of these sequences (Pinheiros-Chiniquá and Santa Cruz sequences) lie entirely within the Santa Maria Formation, while the third (the Candelária sequence) is shared with the ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Maria Supersequence
The Santa Maria Formation is a sedimentary rock formation found in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is primarily Carnian in age (Late Triassic The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch (geology), epoch of the Triassic geologic time scale, Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between annum, Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch ...), and is notable for its fossils of cynodonts, "rauisuchian" pseudosuchians, and early dinosaurs and other Dinosauromorpha, dinosauromorphs, including the herrerasaurid ''Staurikosaurus'', the Basal (phylogenetics), basal sauropodomorpha, sauropodomorphs ''Buriolestes'' and ''Saturnalia (genus), Saturnalia,'' and the Lagerpetidae, lagerpetid ''Ixalerpeton''. The formation is named after the city of Santa Maria (Rio Grande do Sul), Santa Maria in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, where outcrops were first studied. The Santa Maria Formation makes up the majority of the Santa Maria Supersequ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desmatosuchine
Desmatosuchinae is a major subfamily of aetosaurs within the clade Desmatosuchia. It is a stem-based taxon defined as all aetosaurs more closely related to ''Desmatosuchus'' than to ''Stagonolepis,'' ''Aetosaurus'', or ''Paratypothorax''. The clade Desmatosuchinae has often been restricted to a few closely-related aetosaurs with spiny armor, such as ''Desmatosuchus'', ''Longosuchus'', and ''Lucasuchus''. It was later expanded to include a number of ''Stagonolepis''-like aetosaurs with less specialized armor. Under this more expansive usage, the strongly-supported clade encompassing "traditional" desmatosuchines (''sensu stricto'') was given a new name, Desmatosuchini. Synapomorphies that diagnose this clade can be found in the osteoderms. These include tongue-and-groove articulations for lateral plates present in dorsal presacral paramedian plates and large spikes on the lateral cervical, dorsal, and caudal plates. Timeline of generic descriptions ImageSize = width:1000px hei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stagonolepis Robertsoni
''Stagonolepis'' is an extinct genus of stagonolepidid aetosaur known from the Late Triassic (Carnian stage) Hassberge Formation of Germany, the Drawno Beds of Poland, and the Lossiemouth Sandstone of Scotland. Supposed fossils from North and South America have been placed into their own genera, ''Calyptosuchus'' and ''Aetosauroides'', respectively. Description ''Stagonolepis robertsoni'' was about long. It was a quadrupedal animal covered in thick armoured scales that ran down the length of its body. A slow-moving browser, it would have used this heavy body armour to repel attacks from contemporary thecodont carnivores. ''Stagonolepis'' had a very small head for its size; it was only , accounting for less than 10% of the total body length. It had no teeth in the front of its jaws, but instead had a beak-like tip that arched upwards. This would have allowed it to uproot plants in a similar manner to a modern pig. The peg-like teeth at the back of its mouth would have been su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neoaetosauroides
''Neoaetosauroides'' is an extinct genus of primitive aetosaur. Its type and only species is ''N. engaeus''. Fossils have been found in Los Colorados Formation outcropping along the Sierra Morada River in the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin in La Rioja, Argentina, and date back to the Norian age of the Late Triassic. It was the first aetosaur known from the formation, with remains being discovered in the 1960s. Description The genus is one of the most well represented aetosaurs from South America, with some specimens being fully articulated. Two rows of dorsal osteoderms run paramedially along either side of the spine. Ventral osteoderms were also present. Unlike most other aetosaurs, the fourth finger was longer than the second and third. Additionally, the number of phalanges in the fifth digit was lower than other aetosaurs. The upper tooth row of ''Neoaetosauroides'' runs anteriorly to the tip of the elongated snout, evidence that is incompatible with the theory of a kerat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch (geology), epoch of the Triassic geologic time scale, Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between annum, Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series (stratigraphy), series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian Geologic time scale, Ages. Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including ''Plateosaurus'', ''Coelophysis'', and ''Eoraptor''. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth. Etymology The Triassic was named in 1834 by Friedrich August von Namoh, Friedrich von Alberti, after a succession of three distinct rock layers (Greek meaning 'triad') that are widespread in southern Germany: the lower Buntsandstein (colourful sandstone'')'', t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aetosaurine
Aetosaurinae is one of the two main clades of aetosaurs, the other being Desmatosuchia. It is a stem-based taxon defined as all aetosaurs more closely related to ''Aetosaurus'' than ''Desmatosuchus''. Aetosaurinae currently comprises ''Aetosaurus,'' similar forms such as ''Coahomasuchus'' and '' Stenomyti'', and the widespread and successful aetosaur clade Typothoracinae. Previous usage Aetosaurinae was originally named in 2000, as a subfamily solely including ''Aetosaurus'', which was assumed to be the earliest-diverging aetosaur. In 2007, it was extended to include the subfamily Typothoracinae as well as various basal aetosaurs which were not clearly within Desmatosuchinae. These proposed non-typothoracine aetosaurines included ''Coahomasuchus'', ''Neoaetosauroides'', ''Aetosauroides'', ''Stagonolepis robertsoni,'' and ''"Stagonolepis"'' (''Calyptosuchus'') ''wellesi''. As a subfamily containing practically all non-desmatosuchine aetosaurs, Aetosaurinae was poorly-supported. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scapula
The scapula (plural scapulae or scapulas), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other. The name derives from the Classical Latin word for trowel or small shovel, which it was thought to resemble. In compound terms, the prefix omo- is used for the shoulder blade in medical terminology. This prefix is derived from ὦμος (ōmos), the Ancient Greek word for shoulder, and is cognate with the Latin , which in Latin signifies either the shoulder or the upper arm bone. The scapula forms the back of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage. Structure The scapula is a thick, flat bone lying on the thoracic wall that provides an attachment for three groups of muscles: intrin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
