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Adequate And Independent State Ground
The adequate and independent state ground doctrine is a doctrine of United States law governing the power of the U.S. Supreme Court to review judgments entered by state courts. Introduction It is part of the basic framework of the American legal system that the U.S. Supreme Court is the ultimate arbiter of questions of federal law but the state courts are the ultimate arbiters of the laws of each state. ''See, e.g., Hortonville Joint School District No. 1. v. Hortonville Education Ass’n'', 426 U.S. 482, 488 (1976) (“We are, of course, bound to accept the interpretation of tatelaw by the highest court of the State.”). Thus, generally speaking, the U.S. Supreme Court has the authority (“jurisdiction”) to review state court determinations of federal law, but lacks jurisdiction to review state court determinations of state law. ''See'28 U.S.C. § 1257 This general rule is simple to apply in cases clearly involving only one body of law. If that law is federal, then ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal Doctrine
A legal doctrine is a framework, set of rules, Procedural law, procedural steps, or Test (law), test, often established through precedent in the common law, through which judgments can be determined in a given legal case. A doctrine comes about when a judge makes a ruling where a process is outlined and applied, and allows for it to be Case law, equally applied to like cases. When enough judges make use of the process, it may become established as the ''de facto'' method of deciding like situations. Examples Examples of legal doctrines include: See also * Constitutionalism * Constitutional economics * Concept * Rule according to higher law * Legal fiction * Legal precedent * ''Ex aequo et bono'' References External links * *Pierre Schlag and Amy J. Griffin, "How to do Things with Legal Doctrine" (University of Chicago Press 2020) * Emerson H. Tiller and Frank B. Cross,What is Legal Doctrine? " ''Northwestern University Law Review'', Vol. 100:1, 2006. Legal doctrines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Court (United States)
In the United States, a state court has jurisdiction over disputes with some connection to a U.S. state. State courts handle the vast majority of civil and criminal cases in the United States; the United States federal courts are far smaller in terms of both personnel and caseload, and handle different types of cases. Each state "is free to organize its courts as it sees fit," and consequently, "no two states have identical court structures." Generally, state courts are common law courts, and apply their respective state laws and procedures to decide cases. They are organized pursuant to and apply the law in accordance with their state's constitution, state statutes, and binding decisions of courts in their state court hierarchy. Where applicable, they also apply federal law. Generally, a single judicial officer, usually called a judge, exercises original jurisdiction by presiding over contested criminal or civil actions which culminate in trials, although most matters stop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hortonville Joint School District No
Hortonville may refer to: *Hortonville, Nova Scotia *Hortonville, Indiana *Hortonville, Massachusetts *Hortonville Historic District, Massachusetts *Hortonville, New Mexico *Hortonville, New York * Hortonville, Vermont *Hortonville, Wisconsin *Hortonville Area School District, Wisconsin See also *Horton (other) Horton may refer to: Places Antarctica * Horton Glacier, Adelaide Island, Antarctica * Horton Ledge, Queen Elizabeth Land, Antarctica Australia * Horton, Queensland, a town and locality in the Bundaberg Region * Horton River (Australia), i ... * Hortonia (other) {{geodis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michigan V
Michigan () is a state in the Great Lakes region of the upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the 10th-largest state by population, the 11th-largest by area, and the largest by area east of the Mississippi River.''i.e.'', including water that is part of state territory. Georgia is the largest state by land area alone east of the Mississippi and Michigan the second-largest. Its capital is Lansing, and its largest city is Detroit. Metro Detroit is among the nation's most populous and largest metropolitan economies. Its name derives from a gallicized variant of the original Ojibwe word (), meaning "large water" or "large lake". Michigan consists of two peninsulas. The Lower Peninsula resembles the shape of a mitten, and comprises a majority of the state's land area. The Upper Peninsula (often called "the U.P.") is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac, a channel that joins Lake H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fox Film Corp
Foxes are small to medium-sized, omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae. They have a flattened skull, upright, triangular ears, a pointed, slightly upturned snout, and a long bushy tail (or ''brush''). Twelve species belong to the monophyletic "true foxes" group of genus ''Vulpes''. Approximately another 25 current or extinct species are always or sometimes called foxes; these foxes are either part of the paraphyletic group of the South American foxes, or of the outlying group, which consists of the bat-eared fox, gray fox, and island fox. Foxes live on every continent except Antarctica. The most common and widespread species of fox is the red fox (''Vulpes vulpes'') with about 47 recognized subspecies. The global distribution of foxes, together with their widespread reputation for cunning, has contributed to their prominence in popular culture and folklore in many societies around the world. The hunting of foxes with packs of hounds, long an es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murdock V
Murdock is a surname. A relatively modern iteration of the Irish or Scottish name Murdoch. Notable people with the surname include: * Andrew Murdock, American record producer * Andrew G. Murdock, botanist whose official abbreviation is "Murdock", who described the fern genus ''Ptisana'' * Bennet Murdock (1925–2022), American psychologist * Colin Murdock (born 1975), Northern Irish former footballer * Dorothy M. Murdock, better known by pen name Acharya S, author and proponent of the Christ myth theory * David H. Murdock, American businessman * Deroy Murdock, American syndicated columnist * Eric Murdock, retired American professional basketball player * George Peter Murdock, American anthropologist known for his empirical approach to ethnological studies * George Murdock, American actor * Ian Murdock, founder and former leader of the Debian Linux Distribution * James Murdock (other), various people * Joseph Murdock (other), various people * Kirk Radomski (know ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Staub V
Staub (engl. ''dust'', German and Jewish (Ashkenazic): from Middle High German stoup German Staub "dust" a nickname for a miller) is a German-language surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Chelsea Staub (born 1988), American actress and singer, now credited as Chelsea Kane * Ervin Staub (born 1938), Professor of Psychology at the University of Massachusetts * France Staub (1920–2005), ornithologist, herpetologist, botanist, and conservationist from Mauritius *Jacob Staub, rabbi, author and poet *John F. Staub (1892–1981), residential architect in Houston, Texas, from the 1920s to 1960s * Jonny Staub (born 1979), Canadian radio and television personality *Ralph Staub (1899–1969), movie director, writer and producer * Ralph Staub (football coach) (1928–2022), former head coach of the Cincinnati college football program *Randy Staub, Canadian recording engineer *Roger Staub (1936–1974), Swiss alpine skier * Rudolf Staub (1890–1961), Swiss geologist *Rusty Staub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Felder V
Felder is a surname, and may refer to: Persons * Amanda Felder, American professional triathlete * Andreas Felder (b. 1962), Austrian championship ski jumper * Cajetan Freiherr von Felder (1814–1894), Austrian entomologist, jurist, and politician * Clarence Felder (b. 1938), American film and television character actor * Don Felder (b. 1947), American rock musician * Giovanni Felder (b. 1958), Swiss mathematician * John Myers Felder (1782–1851), American politician and congressman * Josef Felder (1900–2000), German politician * Kay Felder, American professional basketball player * Marcel Felder (b. 1984), Uruguayan tennis player * Mike Felder (b. 1961), American professional baseball player * Paul Robert Felder (b. 1985), American mixed martial artist * Richard Felder (b. 1939), American engineering educator * Rudolf Felder, Austrian entomologist * Simcha Felder (contemporary), American politician, representative of Brooklyn on the New York City Council * Wilton Felder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seneca Nation Of Indians V
Seneca may refer to: People and language * Seneca (name), a list of people with either the given name or surname * Seneca people, one of the six Iroquois tribes of North America ** Seneca language, the language of the Seneca people Places Extraterrestrial * Seneca (crater), a lunar crater * 2608 Seneca, an asteroid Water features in the United States * Seneca Creek (North Fork South Branch Potomac River), West Virginia * Seneca Creek (Potomac River), Maryland * Seneca Lake (New York), the largest of the Finger Lakes * Senecaville Lake or Seneca Lake, Ohio, a reservoir * Seneca River (New York), the outlet of Seneca Lake * Seneca River (South Carolina) Communities in the United States and Canada * Seneca, California, an unincorporated community * Seneca, Illinois, a village * Seneca, Kansas, a city * Seneca, Keweenaw County, Michigan, an unincorporated community * Seneca, Maryland, an unincorporated community * Seneca, Missouri, a city * Seneca, Nebraska, a village * Seneca, N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford University
Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world; it has buildings in every style of English architecture since late Anglo-Saxon. Oxford's industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing, information technology and science. History The history of Oxford in England dates back to its original settlement in the Saxon period. Originally of strategic significance due to its controlling location on the upper reaches of the River Thames at its junction with the River Cherwell, the town grew in national importance during the early Norman period, and in the late 12th century became home to the fledgling University of Oxford. The city was besieged during The Anarchy in 1142. The university rose to domina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
