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Acyrthosiphon Kondoi
''Acyrthosiphon kondoi'', the blue alfalfa aphid or bluegreen aphid, is an aphid in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the order Hemiptera. It is a true bug and sucks sap from leguminous plants, particularly alfalfa (known as lucerne in most countries outside North America). Description The blue alfalfa aphid grows to a length of . It is very similar in appearance to the closely related pea aphid (''Acyrthosiphon pisum''), but is often a more bluish shade of green. One significant difference from the pea aphid is that the blue alfalfa aphid has uniformly dark-coloured antennae. Both wingless and winged female forms occur, with the winged aphids being able to disperse and colonise new plants. Males also sometimes occur, are smaller than females, and are green with brown markings on head, thorax and abdomen. Distribution A native of Asia, the species has spread to other parts of the world including North America, South America, Australia and New Zealand; it was first detected in the Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphid
Aphids are small sap-sucking insects and members of the superfamily Aphidoidea. Common names include greenfly and blackfly, although individuals within a species can vary widely in color. The group includes the fluffy white woolly aphids. A typical life cycle involves flightless females giving live birth to female nymphs—who may also be already pregnant, an adaptation scientists call telescoping generations—without the involvement of males. Maturing rapidly, females breed profusely so that the number of these insects multiplies quickly. Winged females may develop later in the season, allowing the insects to colonize new plants. In temperate regions, a phase of sexual reproduction occurs in the autumn, with the insects often overwintering as eggs. The life cycle of some species involves an alternation between two species of host plants, for example between an annual crop and a woody plant. Some species feed on only one type of plant, while others are generalists, coloni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honeydew (secretion)
Honeydew is a sugar-rich sticky liquid, secreted by aphids and some scale insects as they feed on plant sap. When their mouthpart penetrates the phloem, the sugary, high-pressure liquid is forced out of the anus of the aphid. Honeydew is particularly common as a secretion in hemipteran insects and is often the basis for trophobiosis. Some caterpillars of Lycaenidae butterflies and some moths also produce honeydew. Honeydew producing insects, like cicadas, pierce phloem ducts to access the sugar rich sap. The sap continues to bleed after the insects have moved on, leaving a white sugar crust called manna. Ants may collect, or "milk", honeydew directly from aphids and other honeydew producers, which benefit from their presence due to their driving away predators such as lady beetles or parasitic wasps—see ''Crematogaster peringueyi''. Animals and plants in a mutually symbiotic arrangement with ants are called Myrmecophiles. In Madagascar, some gecko species in the genera ''Ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macrosiphini
Macrosiphini is an aphid tribe in the subfamily Aphidinae. Genera The tribe includes the following genera, listed in alphabetical order: '' Abstrusomyzus'' - '' Acaudella'' - '' Acaudinum'' - '' Acuticauda'' - '' Acutosiphon'' - ''Acyrthosiphon'' - '' Akkaia'' - '' Allocotaphis'' - '' Alphitoaphis'' - '' Amegosiphon'' - '' Ammiaphis'' - '' Amphicercidus'' - '' Amphorophora'' - '' Amphorosiphon'' - '' Anaulacorthum'' - '' Anthracosiphon'' - '' Antimacrosiphon'' - '' Anuraphis'' - '' Anuromyzus'' - '' Aphidura'' - '' Aphiduromyzus'' - '' Aphthargelia'' - '' Artemisaphis'' - '' Aspidaphis'' - '' Aspidophorodon'' - '' Atarsos'' - '' Aulacophoroides'' - '' Aulacorthum'' - '' Avicennina'' - '' Berberidaphis'' - '' Bipersona'' - '' Blanchardaphis'' - '' Brachycaudus'' - '' Brachycolus'' - '' Brachycorynella'' - '' Brachymyzus'' - '' Brachysiphoniella'' - '' Brevicoryne'' - '' Brevicorynella'' - '' Brevisiphonaphis'' - '' Burundiaphis'' - '' Cac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Watermelon Mosaic Virus
''Watermelon mosaic virus'' (WMV) also known as Marrow mosaic virus (Raychaudhuri and Varma, 1975; Varma, 1988), Melon mosaic virus (Iwaki et al., 1984; Komuro, 1962), and until recently Watermelon mosaic virus type 2 (WMV-2), is a plant pathogenic virus that causes viral infection (sometimes referred to as watermelon Mosaic disease) in many different plants. The virus itself is referred to as Watermelon Mosaic Virus II or WMV-2 and is an isolate of the U.S. WMV-2 is a ssRNA positive strand virus that is part of the Potyviridae or Potyvirus clade. Like all RNA viruses, it contains a protein capsid which protects the inner viral RNA. First described on squash in Florida, WMV arose from a unique recombination of genetic material contributed by '' Soybean mosaic virus (SMV)'' and ''Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV)'' along with ''Peanut Stripe virus (PSV)''. Biology WMV is a potyvirus whose particles are 760 nm long flexuous rods which has a single strand of RNA. This particular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus
''Bean yellow mosaic virus'' is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus ''Potyvirus'' and the virus family ''Potyviridae''. Like other members of the Potyvirus genus, it is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made for a single viral encoded protein. The virus is a filamentous particle that measures about 750 nm in length. This virus is transmitted by species of aphids and by mechanical inoculation. Geographic distribution and host range A mosaic disease, believed to be bean yellow mosaic virus, was first reported in the early 1900s infecting garden peas (''Pisum sativum'') in the Northeastern United States. The virus is currently believed to be distributed worldwide. In addition to peas, this virus is known to infect many other legumes (family Fabaceae) including green beans (''Phaseolus vulgaris''), peanuts (''Arachis hypogaea''), soybeans (''Glycine max''), Faba beans (''Vicia faba''), several species of clover (''Trifolium hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cucumber Mosaic Virus
''Cucumber mosaic virus'' (CMV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the family ''Bromoviridae''. This virus has a worldwide distribution and a very wide host range, having the reputation of the widest host range of any known plant virus. It can be transmitted from plant to plant both mechanically by sap and by aphids in a stylet-borne fashion. It can also be transmitted in seeds and by the parasitic weeds, ''Cuscuta sp.'' (dodder). Hosts and symptoms This virus was first characterized in cucumbers (''Cucumis sativus'') showing mosaic symptoms in 1934, hence the name ''Cucumber mosaic''. Since then, it has been found to infect a great variety of other plants. These include other vegetables such as squash, melons, peppers, eggplants,tomatoes, beans, carrots, celery, lettuce, spinach, beets, many ornamentals and bedding plants, such as '' Narcissus'', and various weeds. Its presence has been confirmed on every continent of the world, including Antarctica. Symptoms seen with this virus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucerne Australian Latent Virus
Lucerne Australian latent virus (LALV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family ''Secoviridae ''Secoviridae'' is a family of viruses in the order ''Picornavirales''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 8 genera and 86 species in this family, one of which is unassigned to a genus. The family was created in 2009 with the grouping of f ...''. External linksICTVdB—The Universal Virus Database: Lucerne Australian latent virus Nepoviruses Viral plant pathogens and diseases {{Virus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucerne Transient Streak Virus
Lucerne transient streak virus (LTSV) is a pathogenic plant virus Plant viruses are viruses that affect plants. Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate without a host. Plant viruses can be pathogenic to higher plants. M .... External linksICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Lucerne transient streak virus Sobemoviruses Viral plant pathogens and diseases {{Virus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus
Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), also known as ''Lucerne mosaic virus'' or ''Potato calico virus'', is a worldwide distributed phytopathogen that can lead to necrosis and yellow mosaics on a large variety of plant species, including commercially important crops. It is the only ''Alfamovirus'' of the family ''Bromoviridae''. In 1931 Weimer J.L. was the first to report AMV in alfalfa (''Medicago sativa''). Transmission of the virus occurs mainly by some aphids (plant lice), by seeds or by pollen to the seed. Virology Structure The virion has a capsid (coat protein) but no envelope. The icosahedral symmetry of the capsid is round to elongated. The range for the length of the virion particle is about 30–57 nm. AMV is a multipartite virus and is composed of four particles (three bacilliform and one spheroidal) with a diameter of 18 nm. Genome The genetic material of AMV consists of three linear positive-sense strand RNAs (RNA 1, RNA 2 and RNA 3) and a subgenomic RNA ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vector (epidemiology)
In epidemiology, a disease vector is any living agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen to another living organism; agents regarded as vectors are organisms, such as parasites or microbes. The first major discovery of a disease vector came from Ronald Ross in 1897, who discovered the malaria pathogen when he dissected a mosquito. Arthropods Arthropods form a major group of pathogen vectors with mosquitoes, flies, sand flies, lice, fleas, ticks, and mites transmitting a huge number of pathogens. Many such vectors are haematophagous, which feed on blood at some or all stages of their lives. When the insects feed on blood, the pathogen enters the blood stream of the host. This can happen in different ways. The ''Anopheles'' mosquito, a vector for malaria, filariasis, and various arthropod-borne-viruses (arboviruses), inserts its delicate mouthpart under the skin and feeds on its host's blood. The parasites the mosquito carries are usually located in its salivary gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sooty Mould
Sooty mold (also spelled sooty mould) is a collective term for different Ascomycete fungi, which includes many genera, commonly ''Cladosporium'' and ''Alternaria''. It grows on plants and their fruit, but also environmental objects, like fences, garden furniture, stones, and even cars. The mold benefits from either a sugary exudate produced by the plant or fruit, or honeydew-secreting insects or sap suckers the plant may be infested by. Sooty mold itself does little if any harm to the plant. Treatment is indicated when the mold is combined with insect infestation. Description Sooty mold is a collective, self-descriptive term for a number of different fungi; it is a black, powdery coating adhering to plants and their fruit or environmental objects. Biology The ecology of the different species, their interactions, relationship to the host are little understood. A chance observation of a '' Microcyclospora tardicrescens'' inhibiting the growth of the fruit pathogen ''Colletotri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clover
Clover or trefoil are common names for plants of the genus ''Trifolium'' (from Latin ''tres'' 'three' + ''folium'' 'leaf'), consisting of about 300 species of flowering plants in the legume or pea family Fabaceae originating in Europe. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution with highest diversity in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, but many species also occur in South America and Africa, including at high altitudes on mountains in the tropics. They are small annual, biennial, or short-lived perennial herbaceous plants, typically growing up to 30 cm tall. The leaves are trifoliate (rarely quatrefoiled; see four-leaf clover), monofoil, bifoil, cinquefoil, hexafoil, septfoil, etcetera, with stipules adnate to the leaf-stalk, and heads or dense spikes of small red, purple, white, or yellow flowers; the small, few-seeded pods are enclosed in the calyx. Other closely related genera often called clovers include ''Melilotus'' (sweet clover) and '' Medicago'' ( alfalfa or Calva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
