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Action In The Oslofjord
The Action in the Oslofjord occurred late on 8 April 1940 in World War II. As ''Kampfgruppe'' 5 of the German invasion force proceeded towards Oslo, it encountered Norwegian defences in the Oslofjord. During a short exchange that resulted in the first Norwegian casualty of the war, the Germans managed to push through down to Drøbak Sound, where they would face more determined resistance. Prelude In order to invade Norway, the Germans divided their naval forces into six groups. The fifth of these, "''Kampfgruppe'' 5," was to pass through the Oslofjord and land troops in Oslo. The group consisted of the heavy cruisers and ''Lützow'', the light cruiser , the torpedo boats , and and eight minesweepers. The ships were under orders not to open fire unless fired upon. The outer parts of the fjord were guarded by the Oslofjord Fortress, established in 1914, made up of smaller forts at Bolærne and Rauøy. Of the 11 guard ships operating out of Tønsberg, would be tasked w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolærne
Bolærne is an archipelago in the outer part of Oslofjord, in the municipality Nøtterøy in Vestfold, Norway. The islands have a total land area of 2.6 km². The largest island, Mellom Bolæren, covers 1.1 km². The easternmost island is Østre Bolæren. The islands have been inhabited by fishermen from the 16th century. There was a coastal fortress from 1916 to 2002. The archipelago is included in the Færder National Park Færder National Park ( no, Færder nasjonalpark) is a national park in Nøtterøy and Tjøme in Vestfold, Norway. It is mostly a marine park, and includes some islands and coastal areas. To the east, the national park borders to the Ytre Hvaler ..., which was established in 2013. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1940 In Norway
Events in the year 1940 in Norway. Overview 1940 is the year when Norway became drawn into World War II. On 9 April Nazi Germany invaded the country, which remained occupied until 8 May 1945. See the article Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany for a full exposition of World War II in Norway. Incumbents *Government in Exile (in London) – went to exile on 7 June ** Monarch – Haakon VII ** Prime Minister – Johan Nygaardsvold ( Labour Party) *German Military Governor ** Reichskommissar in Norway – Josef Terboven beginning on 24 April Events * 16 February – Altmark Incident: The British destroyer intercepts the German transport ''Altmark'' in Norwegian waters, recovering 299 British prisoners of war. * 8 April – In Operation Wilfred the United Kingdom places fictitious and real naval mine fields off the coast of Norway. The aim was to provoke a German response. ** The German troopship sinks after being torpedoed by the Polish submarine off Lillesand. * 9 April – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naval Battles Of World War II Involving Norway
A navy, naval force, or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval warfare, naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral zone, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions. It includes anything conducted by surface Naval ship, ships, amphibious warfare, amphibious ships, submarines, and seaborne naval aviation, aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields. The strategic offensive role of a navy is Power projection, projection of force into areas beyond a country's shores (for example, to protect Sea lane, sea-lanes, deter or confront piracy, ferry troops, or attack other navies, ports, or shore installations). The strategic defensive purpose of a navy is to frustrate seaborne projection-of-force by enemies. The strategic task of the navy also may incorporate nuclear deterrence by use of submarine-launched ballistic missiles. Naval operations can be broa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naval Battles Of World War II Involving Germany
A navy, naval force, or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions. It includes anything conducted by surface ships, amphibious ships, submarines, and seaborne aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields. The strategic offensive role of a navy is projection of force into areas beyond a country's shores (for example, to protect sea-lanes, deter or confront piracy, ferry troops, or attack other navies, ports, or shore installations). The strategic defensive purpose of a navy is to frustrate seaborne projection-of-force by enemies. The strategic task of the navy also may incorporate nuclear deterrence by use of submarine-launched ballistic missiles. Naval operations can be broadly divided between riverine and littoral applications (brown-water navy), open-ocean applicati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oscarsborg Fortress
Oscarsborg Fortress ( no, Oscarsborg festning) is a coastal fortress in the Oslofjord, close to the small town of Drøbak in Viken county, Norway. The best known part is situated on two small islets. The main artillery batteries are on the island Håøya and smaller batteries on the mainland to the west and east in the fjord and was military territory until 2003 when it was made a publicly available resort island. The fortress is best known for sinking the German heavy cruiser '' Blücher'' on 9 April 1940. In 2014, Oscarsborg Fortress was given protected status. Early history The narrows at Drøbak, called '' Drøbaksundet'', is a natural point for the naval defence of Oslo, the capital of Norway. The first defences were constructed during the reign of Christian IV of Denmark and Norway and were ready in 1644. The fortifications were however not involved in battle during the Hannibal War.National Fortresses of NorwayHistorical overview of Oscarsborg Fortress After the war ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fjord
In physical geography, a fjord or fiord () is a long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by a glacier. Fjords exist on the coasts of Alaska, Antarctica, British Columbia, Chile, Denmark, Germany, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Ireland, Kamchatka, the Kerguelen Islands, Labrador, Newfoundland, New Zealand, Norway, Novaya Zemlya, Nunavut, Quebec, the Patagonia region of Argentina and Chile, Russia, South Georgia Island, Tasmania, United Kingdom, and Washington state. Norway's coastline is estimated to be long with its nearly 1,200 fjords, but only long excluding the fjords. Formation A true fjord is formed when a glacier cuts a U-shaped valley by ice segregation and abrasion of the surrounding bedrock. According to the standard model, glaciers formed in pre-glacial valleys with a gently sloping valley floor. The work of the glacier then left an overdeepened U-shaped valley that ends abruptly at a valley or trough end. Such valleys are fjords wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damaged Pol III
Damage is any change in a thing, often a physical object, that degrades it away from its initial state. It can broadly be defined as "changes introduced into a system that adversely affect its current or future performance".Farrar, C.R., Sohn, H., Park, G.,Converting Large Sensor Array Data into Structural Health Information, in Andrew Smyth, Raimondo Betti, ''The 4th International Workshop on Structural Control'' (2005), p. 67. Damage "does not necessarily imply total loss of system functionality, but rather that the system is no longer operating in its optimal manner". Damage to physical objects is "the progressive physical process by which they break",Jean Lemaitre, ''A Course on Damage Mechanics'' (2013). and includes mechanical stress that weakens a structure, even if this is not visible. Physical damage All physical damage begins on the atomic level, with the shifting or breaking of atomic bonds, and the rate at which damage to any physical thing occurs is therefore larg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Østlands-Posten
''Østlands-Posten'' is a local newspaper published in Larvik, Norway. It covers Larvik and Lardal. It was established in 1881. It has a circulation of 14,284, of whom 13,888 are subscribers. 1896-1995 ''Østlands-Posten'' was owned by the Næss family. It is now published by the company ''A-pressen Lokale Medier AS'', which in turn is owned 100% by A-pressen Amedia AS is the second largest media company in Norway (the largest is Schibsted and the third largest is Polaris Media). The company is whole or partial owner of 50 local and regional newspaper with online newspapers and printing presses, and .... References Norwegian Media Registry External links * Publications established in 1881 Daily newspapers published in Norway Mass media in Vestfold Amedia 1881 establishments in Norway {{norway-newspaper-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coastal Artillery
Coastal artillery is the branch of the armed forces concerned with operating anti-ship artillery or fixed gun batteries in coastal fortifications. From the Middle Ages until World War II, coastal artillery and naval artillery in the form of cannons were highly important to military affairs and generally represented the areas of highest technology and capital cost among materiel. The advent of 20th-century technologies, especially military aviation, naval aviation, jet aircraft, and guided missiles, reduced the primacy of cannons, battleships, and coastal artillery. In countries where coastal artillery has not been disbanded, these forces have acquired amphibious capabilities. In littoral warfare, mobile coastal artillery armed with surface-to-surface missiles can still be used to deny the use of sea lanes. It was long held as a rule of thumb that one shore-based gun equaled three naval guns of the same caliber, due to the steadiness of the coastal gun which allowed for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karljohansvern
Karjohansvern (''Karljohansvern Orlogsstasjon, KJV'') at Horten was the main base for the Royal Norwegian Navy from 1850 to 1963. Background In 1818, it was decided to establish a naval base in Horten. It was first called ''Hortens verft'', and later ''Marinens Hovedværft'' until King Oscar I named it ''Carljohansværn værft'' in 1854 (after his father Karl Johan). The shipyards was begun in 1820 and the first launch, a frigate, was in 1828. On 9 April 1940 during the German invasion of Norway, a battle took place in the harbour when the Germans attempted to seize the base. The naval attack was repulsed, but German troops managed to outflank the Norwegians and force them to capitulate. Karljohansvern remained in German hands for the rest of World War II, while the ships operating out of it were pressed into their service. In 1953, the Norwegian Parliament determined the Navy's main base should be moved to Bergen. When the new headquarters at Haakonsvern was officially op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Policy Of Neutrality
A neutral country is a state that is neutral towards belligerents in a specific war or holds itself as permanently neutral in all future conflicts (including avoiding entering into military alliances such as NATO, CSTO or the SCO). As a type of non-combatant status, nationals of neutral countries enjoy protection under the law of war from belligerent actions to a greater extent than other non-combatants such as enemy civilians and prisoners of war. Different countries interpret their neutrality differently: some, such as Costa Rica, have demilitarized, while Switzerland holds to "armed neutrality", to deter aggression with a sizeable military, while barring itself from foreign deployment. Not all neutral countries avoid any foreign deployment or alliances, as Austria and Ireland have active UN peacekeeping forces and a political alliance within the European Union. Sweden's traditional policy was not to participate in military alliances, with the intention of staying neutral in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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