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Abun Adashe
''Garad'' Abun Adashe ( Harari: አቦኝ አደሼ) was a Harari Emir of the Adal Sultanate. Reign Garad Abun Adashe ruled from 1519 to 1525 and led a campaign against the Walashma dynasty. Adashe campaigned against Sultan Abu Bakr ibn Muhammed; however he was decisively defeated at Harar his own base and Abu Bakr successfully invaded Harar with the assistance of Somali militias. Imam Ahmed Al Gurey served as an advisor and respected infantryman for Adashe against the Walashma forces. After his loss, Ahmed Gurey avenged his sultan's death and killed Abu Bakr. Garad Abun's son Garad Abass succeeded his father and supported Imam Ahmed in his conquest by leading Jihad after Ahmed's death. See also *Walashma dynasty *Garad Garad ( Harari: ገራድ, , , Oromo: ''Garaada'') is a term used to refer to a clan leader or regional administrator. It was used primarily by Muslims in the Horn of Africa that were associated with Islamic states, most notably the Adal Sultanate ... Ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emir
Emir (; ar, أمير ' ), sometimes transliterated amir, amier, or ameer, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a long history of use in the Arab World, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. In the modern era, when used as a formal monarchical title, it is roughly synonymous with "prince", applicable both to a son of a hereditary monarch, and to a reigning monarch of a sovereign principality, namely an emirate. The feminine form is emira ( '), a cognate for "princess". Prior to its use as a monarchical title, the term "emir" was historically used to denote a "commander", "general", or "leader" (for example, Amir al-Mu'min). In contemporary usage, "emir" is also sometimes used as either an honorary or formal title for the head of an Islamic, or Arab (regardless of religion) organisation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adal Sultanate
The Adal Sultanate, or the Adal Empire or the ʿAdal or the Bar Saʿad dīn (alt. spelling ''Adel Sultanate, ''Adal ''Sultanate'') () was a medieval Sunni Muslim Empire which was located in the Horn of Africa. It was founded by Sabr ad-Din II after the fall of the Sultanate of Ifat. The kingdom flourished circa 1415 to 1577.. The sultanate and state were established by the local inhabitants of Zeila. or the Harar plateau. At its height, the polity under Sultan Badlay controlled the territory stretching from Somaliland to the port city of Suakin in Sudan. The Adal Empire maintained a robust commercial and political relationship with the Ottoman Empire. Etymology Adal is believed to be an abbreviation of Havilah. Eidal or Aw Abdal, was the Emir of Harar in the eleventh century. In the thirteenth century, the Arab writer al-Dimashqi refers to the Adal Sultanate's capital, Zeila, by its Somali name "Awdal" ( so, "Awdal"). The modern Awdal region of Somaliland, which was p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Ibn Azhar Ad-Din
Muhammad ibn Azhar ad-Din ( ar, محمد بن الأزهر اد الدين) (reigned 1488–1518) was a Sultan of the Sultanate of Adal. Sihab ad-Din Ahmad states in his ''Futuh al-Habasa'' that he was the son of Azhar, the second son of Abu Bakr, one of the ten sons of Sa'ad ad-Din II, and ruled for 30 years. Reign Sultan Muhammad attempted to remain at peace with the Emperor of Ethiopia Na'od, but his efforts were foiled by the frequent raids of Imam Mahfuz. He was present with Imam Mahfuz when Emperor Lebna Dengel attacked and destroyed the Imam's army in Dawaro in 1516. Muhammad was murdered upon his return from an expedition against Ethiopia a few years after the Imam's death. J. Spencer Trimingham states that he was succeeded as Sultan of Adal by Garad Abun ibn Adash, who was not a member of the Walashma dynasty; Sihab ad-Din, however, writes that it was his relative in marriage, Muhammad bin Abu Bakr bin Mahfuz, who succeeded him as Sultan. Richard Pankhurst follows Trimi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Bakr Ibn Muhammad
Abū Bakr ibn Muḥammad ( ar, أبو بكر بن محمد), reigned 1525–1526, was a sultan of the Sultanate of Adal in the Horn of Africa. The historian Richard Pankhurst credits Abu Bakr with founding the city of Harar, which he made his military headquarters in 1520. Reign Abu Bakr organized Somali troops, then attacked sultan Garad Abun Adashe and killed him, making himself sultan. However, his control over Adal was disputed by Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, who eventually defeated Abu Bakr and killed him. The Imam then made Abu Bakr's younger brother, Umar Din, the new sultan, although the latter only reigned as a puppet king.; cf. . See also *Walashmaʿ dynasty *Siege of Hubat The siege of Hubat was a military campaign carried out by Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad, sultan of Adal Sultanate, against the Hubat principality. The siege lasted more than a week in which Hubat leader Garad Umar Din would lose his life, resulting in a ... Notes Works cited * * Year of birth unk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the Muhammad in Islam, main and final Islamic prophet.Peters, F. E. 2009. "Allāh." In , edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . (See alsoquick reference) "[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.'" It is the Major religious groups, world's second-largest religion behind Christianity, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harari Language
Harari is an Ethiopian Semitic language spoken by the Harari people of Ethiopia. According to the 2007 Ethiopian census, it is spoken by 25,810 people. Most of its speakers are multilingual in Amharic and/or Eastern Oromo. Harari is closely related to the Eastern Gurage languages, Zay, and Silt'e, all of whom are linked to the now extinct Semitic Harla language. Locals or natives of Harar refer to it as ''Gēy Sinan'' or ''Gēy Ritma'' "language of the City" (''Gēy'' is the word for how Harari speakers refer to Harar, whose name is an exonym). Harari was originally written with a version of the Arabic script, then the Ethiopic script was adopted to write the language. Some Harari speakers in diaspora write their language with the Latin alphabet. Vowels /æ, a, e, ai, ɪ, i/ Grammar Nouns Number Wolf Leslau discusses Harari–East Gurage phonology and grammar: The noun has two numbers, Singular and Plural. The affix -ač changes singulars into plurals: : abōč, a man; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harari People
The Harari people ( Harari: Gēy Usuach, "People of the City") are Semitic-speaking ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa. Members traditionally reside in the walled city of Harar, called simply ''Gēy'' "the City" in Harari, situated in the Harari Region of eastern Ethiopia. They speak the Harari language, a member of the South Ethiopic grouping within the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic languages. History The Harla people, an extinct Afroasiatic-speaking people native to Hararghe, are considered by most scholars to be the precursors to the Harari people. The ancestors of the Hararis moved across the Bab-el-Mandeb, settling in the shores of Somaliland and later expanding into the interior producing a Semitic-speaking population among Cushitic and non-Afroasiatic-speaking peoples in what would become Harar. Sheikh Abadir, the legendary patriarch of the Harari, is said to have arrived in the Harar plateau in the early thirteenth century, where he was met by the Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garad
Garad ( Harari: ገራድ, , , Oromo: ''Garaada'') is a term used to refer to a clan leader or regional administrator. It was used primarily by Muslims in the Horn of Africa that were associated with Islamic states, most notably the Adal Sultanate. Etymology The origin of the term ''Garad'' is uncertain. According to Enrico Cerulli, Garad originates from the era of the Adal emirate. Garad denotes a headman within a ''"Gaar"'' (clan). In the Somali language ''Garad'' roughly translates to "chief" or "wise man", as well as "wisdom". Garad also denotes a ''"chief"'' in Harari and Silt'e languages respectively. History Several Muslim states and dominions including Hadiya Sultanate, Sultanate of Darfur, Ganz province, Harla and Somali Sultanate leaders were known as Garads. Within Somali clans the use of the traditional hereditary title ''"Garad"'' is most widespread among the Dhulbahante and Karanle and was also used by the Habr Awal up until the 1940s. According to traditi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somalis
The Somalis ( so, Soomaalida 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒆𐒖, ar, صوماليون) are an ethnic group native to the Horn of Africa who share a common ancestry, culture and history. The Lowland East Cushitic Somali language is the shared mother tongue of ethnic Somalis, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family, and are predominantly Sunni Muslim.Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi, ''Culture and Customs of Somalia'', (Greenwood Press: 2001), p.1 They form one of the largest ethnic groups on the African continent, and cover one of the most expansive landmasses by a single ethnic group in Africa. According to most scholars, the ancient Land of Punt and its native inhabitants formed part of the ethnogenesis of the Somali people. An ancient historical kingdom where a great portion of their cultural traditions and ancestry has been said to derive from.Egypt: 3000 Years of Civilization Brought to Life By Christine El MahdyAncient perspectives on Egypt By R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garad Abass
Garad ( Harari: ገራድ, , , Oromo: ''Garaada'') is a term used to refer to a clan leader or regional administrator. It was used primarily by Muslims in the Horn of Africa that were associated with Islamic states, most notably the Adal Sultanate. Etymology The origin of the term ''Garad'' is uncertain. According to Enrico Cerulli, Garad originates from the era of the Adal emirate. Garad denotes a headman within a ''"Gaar"'' (clan). In the Somali language ''Garad'' roughly translates to "chief" or "wise man", as well as "wisdom". Garad also denotes a ''"chief"'' in Harari and Silt'e languages respectively. History Several Muslim states and dominions including Hadiya Sultanate, Sultanate of Darfur, Ganz province, Harla and Somali Sultanate leaders were known as Garads. Within Somali clans the use of the traditional hereditary title ''"Garad"'' is most widespread among the Dhulbahante and Karanle and was also used by the Habr Awal up until the 1940s. According to traditi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walashma Dynasty
The Walashma dynasty was a medieval Muslim dynasty of the Horn of Africa. Founded in 1285, it was centered in Zeila, and established bases around the Horn of Africa. It governed the Sultanate of Ifat, Ifat and Adal Sultanate, Adal Sultanates in what are present-day Somaliland, Djibouti and eastern Ethiopia. Genealogical traditions According to some, the Walashma princes of Ifat and Adal (historical region), Adal possessed Arab genealogical traditions. In terms of lineage, Walashma traditions trace descent from Bani Makhzoum Qureishitic Tribe by El Maqrisi in his book Kit-āb-alilmām-biakhbār-man-biarḍ-alḤabashah-min-mulūk-alIslām; But Ifat Sultanate trace descent from Aqeel ibn Abi Talib, Akīl ibn Abī Tālib, the brother of the Caliph Ali, ʿAlī and Djaʿfar ibn Abī Tālib, by El Maqrisi in his book Kit-āb-alilmām-biakhbār-man-biarḍ-alḤabashah-min-mulūk-alIslām. The latter was among the earliest Muslims to settle in the Horn region. However, the semi-legendar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1526 Deaths
Fifteen or 15 may refer to: *15 (number), the natural number following 14 and preceding 16 *one of the years 15 BC, AD 15, 1915, 2015 Music *Fifteen (band), a punk rock band Albums * ''15'' (Buckcherry album), 2005 * ''15'' (Ani Lorak album), 2007 * ''15'' (Phatfish album), 2008 * ''15'' (mixtape), a 2018 mixtape by Bhad Bhabie * ''Fifteen'' (Green River Ordinance album), 2016 * ''Fifteen'' (The Wailin' Jennys album), 2017 * ''Fifteen'', a 2012 album by Colin James Songs * "Fifteen" (song), a 2008 song by Taylor Swift *"Fifteen", a song by Harry Belafonte from the album '' Love Is a Gentle Thing'' *"15", a song by Rilo Kiley from the album ''Under the Blacklight'' *"15", a song by Marilyn Manson from the album ''The High End of Low'' *"The 15th", a 1979 song by Wire Other uses *Fifteen, Ohio, a community in the United States * ''15'' (film), a 2003 Singaporean film * ''Fifteen'' (TV series), international release name of ''Hillside'', a Canadian-American teen drama *Fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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