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Abu Asida Muhammad II
Abu-Asida Muhammad II ( ar, أبو عبد الله محمد أبو عصيدة) also known as Abû `Asida Muhammad al-Muntasir Billah, (1279–1309) was the Hafsid dynasty caliph of Tunis. He was the posthumous son of Yahya II al-Wathiq and successor of Abu Hafs Umar bin Yahya. He reigned from 1295 to September 1309. Life During his reign a treaty was signed with the Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia, ... in 1305 and with James II of Aragon in1301 and 1308. During his reign there was an attempt to end the schism with the western branch of the Hafsids. Abu-Zakariyya, ruler of Bejaia died in 1301 and was succeeded by his son Abu-l-Baqa Khalid An-Nasr. This prince approached Abu-Assida and concluded an agreement with him that whichever died first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caliph
A caliphate or khilāfah ( ar, خِلَافَة, ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (; ar, خَلِيفَة , ), a person considered a political-religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world (ummah). Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires. During the medieval period, three major caliphates succeeded each other: the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), and the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258). In the fourth major caliphate, the Ottoman Caliphate, the rulers of the Ottoman Empire claimed caliphal authority from 1517. Throughout the history of Islam, a few other Muslim states, almost all hereditary monarchies such as the Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) and Ayyubid Caliphate, have claimed to be caliphates. The first caliphate, the Rashidun Caliphate, was established in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafsid Dynasty
The Hafsids ( ar, الحفصيون ) were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Berber descentC. Magbaily Fyle, ''Introduction to the History of African Civilization: Precolonial Africa'', (University Press of America, 1999), 84. who ruled Ifriqiya (western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria) from 1229 to 1574. History Almohad Ifriqiya The Hafsids were of Berber descent, although to further legitimize their rule, they claimed Arab ancestry from the second Rashidun Caliph Omar. The ancestor of the dynasty and from whom their name is derived was Abu Hafs Umar ibn Yahya al-Hintati, a Berber from the Hintata tribal confederation, which belonged to the greater Masmuda confederation of Morocco. He was a member of the council of ten and a close companion of Ibn Tumart. His original Berber name was "Faskat u-Mzal Inti", which later was changed to "Abu Hafs Umar ibn Yahya al-Hintati" (also known as "Umar Inti") since it was a tradition of Ibn Tumart to rename his close companions once they had ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Hafs Umar Bin Yahya
Abu Hafs Umar bin Yahya ( ar, أبو حفص عمر) (also known as Al-Mustansir II) was the Hafsid caliph of Ifriqiya (1284–1295). After restoring Hafsid rule interrupted by the usurper Ibn Abi Umara (1283–1284), Abu Hafs Umar sought to rebuild the state in the face of invasions and challenges to his authority. He was however unable to prevent the division of Hafsid territories. During the period when the Hafsids had been driven out of Tunis by Ibn Abi Umara, Zakariyya, a nephew of Abu Hafs Umar I, conquered Bejaïa with the support of local tribes and later also gained control of Constantine. In 1285 Zakariyya also attacked Tunis and Tripoli. Although this attack was neutralized by an alliance between Abu Hafs Umar I and the Zayyanids of Tlemcen, Constantine and Bejaïa became independent of the rule of from Tunis. Abu Hafs Umar I died in 1295. Early life (to 1284) Abu Hafs Umar was the son of Abu Zakariya Yahya and a slave named Zabya, and younger half-brother of Abu Isha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Yahya Abu Bakr Ash-Shahid
Abu Yahya Abu Bakr ash-Shahid () or Abu Bakr was a grandson of the Caliph Abu Ishaq Ibrahim I, he ruled Tunisia for just 17 days in 1309. Life The Caliph Abu Asida Muhammad II died in 1309, and, in accordance with the agreement signed by him with his nephew Abu-l-Baqa Khalid An-Nasr Abu-l-Baqa Khalid An-Nasr ( ar, أبو البقاء خالد الناصر), was the Hafsid ruler first of Bejaia and later of Tunis. In Bejaia he succeeded his father Abu Zakariyya Yahya III, while in Tunis he seized power after the brief reign ..., he was to be proclaimed a caliph. The sheikhs of Almohad sheikhs of Tunis however elevated Abu Bakr to the throne. After 17 days he was deposed and executed by Abu-l-Baqa, who arrived with an army from Bejaia. He was thereafter known as "Ash-Shahid" ("the martyr"). References {{s-end 1309 deaths 14th-century Hafsid caliphs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yahya II Al-Wathiq
Abu Zakariya Yahya II ( ar, أبو زكريا يحيى الواثق) known as Yahyâ II or al-Wathiq, was the son and successor of Abu `Abd Allah Muhammad al-Mustansir. He was the fourth Hafsid Sultan of Tunis who reigned over Ifriqiya from 1277 to 1279. Life During his reign a new gate, the Bab Jedid was cut in the wall of the medina. In 1278 there was an uprising of the province of Béjaïa against its Andalusian Chancellor Ibn al-Habbabar. The latter was known for his hostility towards the Almohads, and described by the chronicler Ibn Chamâa as the real ruler of Tunis. Ibn Khaldoun relates that the Chancellor sent his brother Abû al-Alâ 'Idrîs to Béjaïa to take care of the finances of the city, alongside the governor, the Almohad Muḥammad ben Abi Hilâl al-Hintâtî. When the governor had the chancellor assassinated in 1278 he was then obliged to look for someone who could replace the existing authority in Tunis that had appointed the chancellor. Al-Hintâtî ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the Muhammad in Islam, main and final Islamic prophet.Peters, F. E. 2009. "Allāh." In , edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . (See alsoquick reference) "[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.'" It is the Major religious groups, world's second-largest religion behind Christianity, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafsid
The Hafsids ( ar, الحفصيون ) were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Berber descentC. Magbaily Fyle, ''Introduction to the History of African Civilization: Precolonial Africa'', (University Press of America, 1999), 84. who ruled Ifriqiya (western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria) from 1229 to 1574. History Almohad Ifriqiya The Hafsids were of Berber descent, although to further legitimize their rule, they claimed Arab ancestry from the second Rashidun Caliph Omar. The ancestor of the dynasty and from whom their name is derived was Abu Hafs Umar ibn Yahya al-Hintati, a Berber from the Hintata tribal confederation, which belonged to the greater Masmuda confederation of Morocco. He was a member of the council of ten and a close companion of Ibn Tumart. His original Berber name was "Faskat u-Mzal Inti", which later was changed to "Abu Hafs Umar ibn Yahya al-Hintati" (also known as "Umar Inti") since it was a tradition of Ibn Tumart to rename his close companions once they had ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caliph
A caliphate or khilāfah ( ar, خِلَافَة, ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (; ar, خَلِيفَة , ), a person considered a political-religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world (ummah). Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires. During the medieval period, three major caliphates succeeded each other: the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), and the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258). In the fourth major caliphate, the Ottoman Caliphate, the rulers of the Ottoman Empire claimed caliphal authority from 1517. Throughout the history of Islam, a few other Muslim states, almost all hereditary monarchies such as the Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) and Ayyubid Caliphate, have claimed to be caliphates. The first caliphate, the Rashidun Caliphate, was established in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Venice
The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia, links=no), was a sovereign state and Maritime republics, maritime republic in parts of present-day Italy (mainly Northern Italy, northeastern Italy) that existed for 1100 years from AD 697 until AD 1797. Centered on the Venetian Lagoon, lagoon communities of the prosperous city of Venice, it incorporated numerous Stato da Màr, overseas possessions in modern Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Greece, Albania and Cyprus. The republic grew into a Economic history of Venice, trading power during the Middle Ages and strengthened this position during the Renaissance. Citizens spoke the still-surviving Venetian language, although publishing in (Florentine) Italian became the norm during the Renaissance. In its early years, it prospered on the salt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James II Of Aragon
James II (Catalan: ''Jaume II''; Spanish: ''Jaime II;'' 10 April 1267 – 2 or 5 November 1327), called the Just,, an, Chaime lo Chusto, es, Jaime el Justo. was the King of Aragon and Valencia and Count of Barcelona from 1291 to 1327. He was also the King of Sicily (as James I). from 1285 to 1295 and the King of Majorca from 1291 to 1298. From 1297 he was nominally the King of Sardinia and Corsica, but he only acquired the island of Sardinia by conquest in 1324. His full title for the last three decades of his reign was "James, by the grace of God, king of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica, and count of Barcelona" (Latin: ''Iacobus Dei gratia rex Aragonum, Valencie, Sardinie, et Corsice ac comes Barchinone''). Born at Valencia, James was the second son of Peter III of Aragon and Constance of Sicily. He succeeded his father in Sicily in 1285 and his elder brother Alfonso III in Aragon and the other Spanish territories, including Majorca, in 1291. He was forced to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu-l-Baqa Khalid An-Nasr
Abu-l-Baqa Khalid An-Nasr ( ar, أبو البقاء خالد الناصر), was the Hafsid ruler first of Bejaia and later of Tunis. In Bejaia he succeeded his father Abu Zakariyya Yahya III, while in Tunis he seized power after the brief reign of Abu Yahya Abu Bakr ash-Shahid. Ramon Llull in Bejaïa In 1307 while he was ruler of Bejaïa the city was visited by the Christian scholar Ramon Llull. During his earlier visit to Tunis Llull had adopted a non-confrontational approach in his efforts to convert Muslims, but in this occasion he claimed to prove the falsehood of Islam. He was beaten and the qadi had him locked up. He remained imprisoned for six months, until Abu-l-Baqa decided to release him and expel him from his domains. Rule in Tunis Abu-l-Baqa Khalid approached Abu Asida Muhammad II, the Hafsid ruler of Tunis, with proposals to end the division between the two branches of the family. Under the agreement which followed, the first to die would be succeeded by the other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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