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ARC-ECRIS Magnet
] ARC-ECRIS is an Electron cyclotron resonance#ECR ion sources, Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) based on arc-shaped coils unlike the conventional ECRIS which bases on a multipole magnet (usually a hexapole magnet) inside a solenoid, solenoid magnet. First time the arc-shaped coils were used already in the 1960s in list of fusion experiments, fusion experiments, for example at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (MFTF, Baseball II, ...) and later in Japan (GAMMA10, ...). In 2006 the JYFL ion source group designed, constructed and tested similar plasma trap to produce highly charged heavy ion beams. The first tests were promising and showed that a stable Plasma (physics), plasma can be confined in an arc-coil magnetic field structure (see references). References External links YouTube video of a conventional ECRIS plasma (hexapolar magnetic field) Ion source {{particle-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ARC-ECRIS Magnet
] ARC-ECRIS is an Electron cyclotron resonance#ECR ion sources, Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) based on arc-shaped coils unlike the conventional ECRIS which bases on a multipole magnet (usually a hexapole magnet) inside a solenoid, solenoid magnet. First time the arc-shaped coils were used already in the 1960s in list of fusion experiments, fusion experiments, for example at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (MFTF, Baseball II, ...) and later in Japan (GAMMA10, ...). In 2006 the JYFL ion source group designed, constructed and tested similar plasma trap to produce highly charged heavy ion beams. The first tests were promising and showed that a stable Plasma (physics), plasma can be confined in an arc-coil magnetic field structure (see references). References External links YouTube video of a conventional ECRIS plasma (hexapolar magnetic field) Ion source {{particle-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electron Cyclotron Resonance
Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) is a phenomenon observed in plasma physics, condensed matter physics, and accelerator physics. It happens when the frequency of incident radiation coincides with the natural frequency of rotation of electrons in magnetic fields. A free electron in a static and uniform magnetic field will move in a circle due to the Lorentz force. The circular motion may be superimposed with a uniform axial motion, resulting in a helix, or with a uniform motion perpendicular to the field (e.g., in the presence of an electrical or gravitational field) resulting in a cycloid. The angular frequency (ω = 2π ''f'' ) of this ''cyclotron'' motion for a given magnetic field strength ''B'' is given (in SI units) by :\omega_\text = \frac. where e is the elementary charge and m is the mass of the electron. For the commonly used microwave frequency 2.45 GHz and the bare electron charge and mass, the resonance condition is met when ''B'' = 875 G = 0.0875 T. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute Of Physics Publishing
IOP Publishing (previously Institute of Physics Publishing) is the publishing company of the Institute of Physics. It provides publications through which scientific research is distributed worldwide, including journals, community websites, magazines, conference proceedings and books. The Institute of Physics is a scientific charity devoted to increasing the practice, understanding and application of physics. Any financial surplus earned by IOP Publishing goes to support physics through the activities of the Institute. The main IOP Publishing headquarters is located in Bristol, England, and the North American headquarters is in Philadelphia, United States. It also has regional offices in, Mexico City, Beijing, Tokyo, Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Sydney. It employs over 400 staff. It was the first physics publisher to publish a journal on the internet. In 1994, the journal ''Classical and Quantum Gravity'' was published as a TeX file. In January 1996 the organization launched the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multipole Magnet
Multipole magnets are magnet A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic field. This magnetic field is invisible but is responsible for the most notable property of a magnet: a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, steel, nicke ...s built from multiple individual magnets, typically used to control Charged particle beam, beams of charged particles. Each type of magnet serves a particular purpose. * Dipole magnets are used to bend the trajectory of particles * Quadrupole magnets are used to focus particle beams * Sextupole magnets are used to correct for chromaticity (accelerator), chromaticity introduced by quadrupole magnets Magnetic field equations The magnetic field of an ideal multipole magnet in an accelerator is typically modeled as having no (or a constant) component parallel to the nominal beam direction (z direction) and the transverse components can be written as complex numbers: B_x + i B_y = C_n \cdot ( x - iy )^ w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexapole Magnet
A sextupole magnet (also known as a hexapole magnet) consist of six magnetic poles set out in an arrangement of alternating north and south poles arranged around an axis. They are used in particle accelerators for the control of chromatic aberrations and for damping the head tail instability. Two sets of sextupole magnets are used in transmission electron microscopes to correct for spherical aberration. The design of sextupoles using electromagnets generally involves six steel pole tips of alternating polarity. The steel is magnetised by a large electric current that flows in the coils of wire wrapped around the poles. The coils may be formed from hollow copper magnet wire that carry coolant, usually de-ionized water. The current density of such a conductor can be above 10 amps/mm2 (four times that of standard copper conductors). In particle accelerators At the energies reached in high energy particle accelerators, magnetic deflection is more powerful than electrostatic, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solenoid
upright=1.20, An illustration of a solenoid upright=1.20, Magnetic field created by a seven-loop solenoid (cross-sectional view) described using field lines A solenoid () is a type of electromagnet formed by a helix, helical coil of wire whose length is substantially greater than its diameter, which generates a controlled magnetic field. The coil can produce a uniform magnetic field in a volume of space when an electric current is passed through it. The term ''solenoid'' was coined in 1823 by André-Marie Ampère. The helical coil of a solenoid does not necessarily need to revolve around a straight-line axis; for example, William Sturgeon's electromagnet of 1824 consisted of a solenoid bent into a horseshoe shape (not unlike an arc spring). Solenoids provide magnetic focusing of electrons in vacuums, notably in television camera tubes such as vidicons and image orthicons. Electrons take helical paths within the magnetic field. These solenoids, focus coils, surround nearly th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Instruments And Methods In Physics Research A
''Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research'' (Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res.) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier Elsevier () is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content. Its products include journals such as ''The Lancet'', ''Cell'', the ScienceDirect collection of electronic journals, '' Trends'', th .... It was established in 1957 as ''Nuclear Instruments''. It focuses on detectors descriptions and data analysis methods. History *''Nuclear Instruments'' (1957–1958) *''Nuclear Instruments and Methods'' (1959–1981) *''Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research'' (1981–present) :*''Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment'' (1984–present) :*''Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms'' (1984–present) External links'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Fusion Experiments
Experiments directed toward developing fusion power are invariably done with dedicated machines which can be classified according to the principles they use to confine the plasma fuel and keep it hot. The major division is between magnetic confinement and inertial confinement. In magnetic confinement, the tendency of the hot plasma to expand is counteracted by the Lorentz force between currents in the plasma and magnetic fields produced by external coils. The particle densities tend to be in the range of to and the linear dimensions in the range of . The particle and energy confinement times may range from under a millisecond to over a second, but the configuration itself is often maintained through input of particles, energy, and current for times that are hundreds or thousands of times longer. Some concepts are capable of maintaining a plasma indefinitely. In contrast, with inertial confinement, there is nothing to counteract the expansion of the plasma. The confinement t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is a federal research facility in Livermore, California, United States. The lab was originally established as the University of California Radiation Laboratory, Livermore Branch in 1952 in response to the detonation of the first atomic bomb by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It later became autonomous in 1971 and was designated a national laboratory in 1981. A federally funded research and development center, Lawrence Livermore Lab is primarily funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and it is managed privately and operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (a partnership of the University of California), Bechtel, BWX Technologies, AECOM, and Battelle Memorial Institute in affiliation with the Texas A&M University System. In 2012, the laboratory had the synthetic chemical element livermorium (element 116) named after it. Overview LLNL is self-described as a "premier research and development institution for sci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MFTF
The Mirror Fusion Test Facility, or MFTF, was an experimental magnetic confinement fusion device built using the tandem magnetic mirror design. It was, by far, the largest, most powerful and most expensive mirror machine ever constructed. Due to budget cuts, it was mothballed the day after its construction was complete, and sat unused for a year before being formally cancelled. $372 million dollars were spent on the system during its lifetime. MFTF was the ultimate development of a series of machines at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) that trace their history back to the early 1950s. Over the years one problem after another had been addressed, leading to designs using "baseball" and "yin-yang" mirrors. By the late 1960s, it appeared possible to build stable mirrors. However, these changes had also lowered their economic performance, to the point where they appeared unattractive as power generators. In 1968, the Soviets demonstrated their tokamak systems were outpe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baseball II
Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding. The game occurs over the course of several plays, with each play generally beginning when a player on the fielding team, called the pitcher, throws a ball that a player on the batting team, called the batter, tries to hit with a bat. The objective of the offensive team (batting team) is to hit the ball into the field of play, away from the other team's players, allowing its players to run the bases, having them advance counter-clockwise around four bases to score what are called " runs". The objective of the defensive team (referred to as the fielding team) is to prevent batters from becoming runners, and to prevent runners' advance around the bases. A run is scored when a runner legally advances around the bases in order and touches home plate (the place where the player started as a batter). The principal objective of the batting team is to have a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
