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599 (number)
500 (five hundred) is the natural number following 499 and preceding 501. Mathematical properties 500 = 22 × 53. It is an Achilles number and an Harshad number, meaning it is divisible by the sum of its digits. It is the number of planar partitions of 10. Other fields Five hundred is also *the number that many NASCAR races often use at the end of their race names (e.g., Daytona 500), to denote the length of the race (in miles, kilometers or laps). *the longest advertised distance (in miles) of the IndyCar Series and its premier race, the Indianapolis 500. Slang names * Monkey (UK slang for £500; USA slang for $500) Integers from 501 to 599 500s 501 501 = 3 × 167. It is: * the sum of the first 18 primes (a term of the sequence ). * palindromic in bases 9 (6169) and 20 (15120). 502 * 502 = 2 × 251 * vertically symmetric number 503 503 is: * a prime number. * a safe prime. * the sum of three consecutive primes (163 + 167 + 173). * the sum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Number
In mathematics, the natural numbers are those numbers used for counting (as in "there are ''six'' coins on the table") and ordering (as in "this is the ''third'' largest city in the country"). Numbers used for counting are called ''Cardinal number, cardinal numbers'', and numbers used for ordering are called ''Ordinal number, ordinal numbers''. Natural numbers are sometimes used as labels, known as ''nominal numbers'', having none of the properties of numbers in a mathematical sense (e.g. sports Number (sports), jersey numbers). Some definitions, including the standard ISO/IEC 80000, ISO 80000-2, begin the natural numbers with , corresponding to the non-negative integers , whereas others start with , corresponding to the positive integers Texts that exclude zero from the natural numbers sometimes refer to the natural numbers together with zero as the whole numbers, while in other writings, that term is used instead for the integers (including negative integers). The natural ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semi-meandric Number
In mathematics, a meander or closed meander is a self-avoiding closed curve which intersects a line a number of times. Intuitively, a meander can be viewed as a road crossing a river through a number of bridges. Meander Given a fixed oriented line ''L'' in the Euclidean plane R2, a meander of order ''n'' is a non-self-intersecting closed curve in R2 which transversally intersects the line at 2''n'' points for some positive integer ''n''. The line and curve together form a meandric system. Two meanders are said to be equivalent if there is a homeomorphism of the whole plane that takes ''L'' to itself and takes one meander to the other. Examples The meander of order 1 intersects the line twice: : The meanders of order 2 intersect the line four times. : Meandric numbers The number of distinct meanders of order ''n'' is the meandric number ''Mn''. The first fifteen meandric numbers are given below . :''M''1 = 1 :''M''2 = 1 :''M''3 = 2 :''M''4 = 8 :''M''5 = 42 :''M''6 = 262 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pronic Number
A pronic number is a number that is the product of two consecutive integers, that is, a number of the form n(n+1).. The study of these numbers dates back to Aristotle. They are also called oblong numbers, heteromecic numbers,. or rectangular numbers; however, the term "rectangular number" has also been applied to the composite numbers. The first few pronic numbers are: : 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 110, 132, 156, 182, 210, 240, 272, 306, 342, 380, 420, 462 … . Letting P_n denote the pronic number n(n+1), we have P_ = P_. Therefore, in discussing pronic numbers, we may assume that n\geq 0 without loss of generality, a convention that is adopted in the following sections. As figurate numbers The pronic numbers were studied as figurate numbers alongside the triangular numbers and square numbers in Aristotle's ''Metaphysics'', and their discovery has been attributed much earlier to the Pythagoreans.. As a kind of figurate number, the pronic numbers are somet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Square Pyramidal Number
In mathematics, a pyramid number, or square pyramidal number, is a natural number that counts the number of stacked spheres in a pyramid with a square base. The study of these numbers goes back to Archimedes and Fibonacci. They are part of a broader topic of figurate numbers representing the numbers of points forming regular patterns within different shapes. As well as counting spheres in a pyramid, these numbers can be described algebraically as a sum of the first n positive square numbers, or as the values of a cubic polynomial. They can be used to solve several other counting problems, including counting squares in a square grid and counting acute triangles formed from the vertices of an odd regular polygon. They equal the sums of consecutive tetrahedral numbers, and are one-fourth of a larger tetrahedral number. The sum of two consecutive square pyramidal numbers is an octahedral number. History The pyramidal numbers were one of the few types of three-dimensional figurate num ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphenic Number
In number theory, a sphenic number (from grc, σφήνα, 'wedge') is a positive integer that is the product of three distinct prime numbers. Because there are infinitely many prime numbers, there are also infinitely many sphenic numbers. Definition A sphenic number is a product ''pqr'' where ''p'', ''q'', and ''r'' are three distinct prime numbers. In other words, the sphenic numbers are the square-free 3-almost primes. Examples The smallest sphenic number is 30 = 2 × 3 × 5, the product of the smallest three primes. The first few sphenic numbers are : 30, 42, 66, 70, 78, 102, 105, 110, 114, 130, 138, 154, 165, ... the largest known sphenic number is :(282,589,933 − 1) × (277,232,917 − 1) × (274,207,281 − 1). It is the product of the three largest known primes. Divisors All sphenic numbers have exactly eight divisors. If we express the sphenic number as n = p \cdot q \cdot r, where ''p'', ''q'', and ''r'' are distinct primes, then the set of divisors of ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eight Queens Puzzle
The eight queens puzzle is the problem of placing eight chess queens on an 8×8 chessboard so that no two queens threaten each other; thus, a solution requires that no two queens share the same row, column, or diagonal. There are 92 solutions. The problem was first posed in the mid-19th century. In the modern era, it is often used as an example problem for various computer programming techniques. The eight queens puzzle is a special case of the more general ''n'' queens problem of placing ''n'' non-attacking queens on an ''n''×''n'' chessboard. Solutions exist for all natural numbers ''n'' with the exception of ''n'' = 2 and ''n'' = 3. Although the exact number of solutions is only known for ''n'' ≤ 27, the asymptotic growth rate of the number of solutions is (0.143 ''n'')''n''. History Chess composer Max Bezzel published the eight queens puzzle in 1848. Franz Nauck published the first solutions in 1850.W. W. Rouse Ball (1960) "The Eight Queens Problem", in ''Mathema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magic Square
In recreational mathematics, a square array of numbers, usually positive integers, is called a magic square if the sums of the numbers in each row, each column, and both main diagonals are the same. The 'order' of the magic square is the number of integers along one side (''n''), and the constant sum is called the ' magic constant'. If the array includes just the positive integers 1,2,...,n^2, the magic square is said to be 'normal'. Some authors take magic square to mean normal magic square. Magic squares that include repeated entries do not fall under this definition and are referred to as 'trivial'. Some well-known examples, including the Sagrada Família magic square and the Parker square are trivial in this sense. When all the rows and columns but not both diagonals sum to the magic constant this gives a ''semimagic square (sometimes called orthomagic square). The mathematical study of magic squares typically deals with their construction, classification, and enumeration. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magic Constant
The magic constant or magic sum of a magic square is the sum of numbers in any row, column, or diagonal of the magic square. For example, the magic square shown below has a magic constant of 15. For a normal magic square of order ''n'' – that is, a magic square which contains the numbers 1, 2, ..., ''n''2 – the magic constant is M = n \cdot \frac. For normal magic squares of orders ''n'' = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, the magic constants are, respectively: 15, 34, 65, 111, 175, and 260 (sequence A006003 in the OEIS). For example, a normal 8 × 8 square will always equate to 260 for each row, column, or diagonal. The normal magic constant of order n is (n^3+n)/2. The largest magic constant of normal magic square which is also a: *triangular number is 15 (solve the Diophantine equation x^2=y^3+16y+16, where y is divisible by 4); *square number is 1 (solve the Diophantine equation x^2=y^3+4y, where y is even); *generalized pentagonal number is 171535 (solve the Diophanti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeans
Jeans are a type of pants or trousers made from denim or dungaree cloth. Often the term "jeans" refers to a particular style of trousers, called "blue jeans", with copper-riveted pockets which were invented by Jacob W. Davis in 1871 and patented by Jacob W. Davis and Levi Strauss on May 20, 1873. Prior to the patent, the term "blue jeans" had been long in use for various garments (including trousers, overalls, and coats), constructed from blue-colored denim. "Jean" also references a (historic) type of sturdy cloth commonly made with a cotton warp and wool weft (also known as "Virginia cloth"). Jean cloth can be entirely cotton as well, similar to denim. Originally designed for miners, modern jeans were popularized as casual wear by Marlon Brando and James Dean in their 1950s films, particularly ''The Wild One'' and ''Rebel Without a Cause'', leading to the fabric becoming a symbol of rebellion among teenagers, especially members of the greaser subculture. From the 1960s onwar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Levi's
Levi Strauss & Co. () is an American clothing company known worldwide for its Levi's () brand of denim jeans. It was founded in May 1853 when German-Jewish immigrant Levi Strauss moved from Buttenheim, Bavaria, to San Francisco, California, to open a West Coast branch of his brothers' New York dry goods business. Although the corporation is registered in Delaware, the company's corporate headquarters is located in Levi's Plaza in San Francisco. History Origin and formation (1853–1890s) German-Jewish immigrant Levi Strauss started his trading business at the 90 Sacramento Street address in San Francisco and then moved the location to 62 Sacramento Street. In 1858, the company was listed as ''Strauss, Levi (David Stern & Levis Strauss) importers clothing, etc. 63 & 65 Sacramento St.'' (today, on the current grounds of the 353 Sacramento Street Lobby ) in the San Francisco Directory with Strauss serving as its sales manager and his brother-in-law, David Stern, as its manager. J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macbeath Surface
In Riemann surface theory and hyperbolic geometry, the Macbeath surface, also called Macbeath's curve or the Fricke–Macbeath curve, is the genus-7 Hurwitz surface. The automorphism group of the Macbeath surface is the simple group Projective linear group, PSL(2,8), consisting of 504 symmetries. Triangle group construction The surface's Fuchsian group can be constructed as the principal congruence subgroup of the (2,3,7) triangle group in a suitable tower of principal congruence subgroups. Here the choices of quaternion algebra and Hurwitz quaternion order are described at the triangle group page. Choosing the ideal \langle 2 \rangle in the ring of integers, the corresponding principal congruence subgroup defines this surface of genus 7. Its systolic geometry, systole is about 5.796, and the number of systolic loops is 126 according to R. Vogeler's calculations. It is possible to realize the resulting triangulated surface as a non-convex polyhedron without self-intersections. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automorphism Group
In mathematics, the automorphism group of an object ''X'' is the group consisting of automorphisms of ''X'' under composition of morphisms. For example, if ''X'' is a finite-dimensional vector space, then the automorphism group of ''X'' is the group of invertible linear transformations from ''X'' to itself (the general linear group of ''X''). If instead ''X'' is a group, then its automorphism group \operatorname(X) is the group consisting of all group automorphisms of ''X''. Especially in geometric contexts, an automorphism group is also called a symmetry group. A subgroup of an automorphism group is sometimes called a transformation group. Automorphism groups are studied in a general way in the field of category theory. Examples If ''X'' is a set with no additional structure, then any bijection from ''X'' to itself is an automorphism, and hence the automorphism group of ''X'' in this case is precisely the symmetric group of ''X''. If the set ''X'' has additional struct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
