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555k Protests
The so-called 555K protests were the first example of civil disobedience in the history of Turkey. They were organised by students for 5pm on 5 May 1960 in Kızılay, Ankara to protest against the ruling Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1961), Democrat Party. Events The death of two students in the clashes between the police and the students during the 28-29 April events (Turkey), 28-29 April events made the atmosphere in the country very tense. A group of young people decided to organise a protest. They mobilised others by word of mouth with the watchword "555k" - that is at 5pm on 5 May in Kızılay, but the details of exactly how of where the protest was to begin were unknown to those attending. At the agreed time, Cemal Süreya, Altan Öymen and their friends were ready for action but when none was started they began it themselves around half past five. Arm in arm, they and their fellow students began whistling the Plevna March. As they walked, the pedestrians they passed made wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Disobedience
Civil disobedience is the active, professed refusal of a citizen to obey certain laws, demands, orders or commands of a government (or any other authority). By some definitions, civil disobedience has to be nonviolent to be called "civil". Hence, civil disobedience is sometimes equated with peaceful protests or nonviolent resistance. Henry David Thoreau's essay ''Resistance to Civil Government'', published posthumously as '' Civil Disobedience'', popularized the term in the US, although the concept itself has been practiced longer before. It has inspired leaders such as Susan B. Anthony of the U.S. women's suffrage movement in the late 1800s, Saad Zaghloul in the 1910s culminating in Egyptian Revolution of 1919 against British Occupation, and Mahatma Gandhi in 1920s India in their protests for Indian independence against the British Empire. Martin Luther King Jr.'s and James Bevel's peaceful protests during the civil rights movement in the 1960s United States contained impo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Refik Koraltan
Refik Koraltan (1889 – June 17, 1974) was a Turkish politician, having served as the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) from May 22, 1950 to May 27, 1960. Biography Koraltan was born in Divriği, Sivas Province, in 1889, the son of Ali Bey, a local leading citizen. Although he was known as Refik Koraltan, the name on his birth record was Bekir Refik. After completing the primary and middle education in Divriği, Koraltan studied at Istanbul Mercan High School. He graduated from Istanbul Faculty of Law in 1914. Political career Koraltan entered public service as an assistant prosecutor and became the Attorney General of Karaman in 1915. He was assigned as police inspector on March 2, 1918 and charged as Chief of Police of Trabzon on May 29, 1918. During this duty, he facilitated the establishment of the "Society of Defence of the National Rights to counteract the Pontus Rum Organizations" that started to appear after the end of World War I. He was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1960 In Tunisia
Year 196 ( CXCVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Dexter and Messalla (or, less frequently, year 949 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 196 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Emperor Septimius Severus attempts to assassinate Clodius Albinus but fails, causing Albinus to retaliate militarily. * Emperor Septimius Severus captures and sacks Byzantium; the city is rebuilt and regains its previous prosperity. * In order to assure the support of the Roman legion in Germany on his march to Rome, Clodius Albinus is declared Augustus by his army while crossing Gaul. * Hadrian's wall in Britain is partially destroyed. China * First year of the '' Jian'an era of the Chinese Han Dynasty. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1960 Turkish Coup D'état
The 1960 Turkish coup d'état ( tr, 27 Mayıs Darbesi) was the first Turkish coup d'état, coup d'état in the Turkey, Republic of Turkey. It took place on May 27, 1960. The coup was staged by a group of 38 young Turkish Armed Forces, Turkish military officers, acting outside the military command hierarchy, chain of command. The officers were ''de facto'' led by Cemal Madanoğlu until the actual coup date. After a threat by Ragıp Gümüşpala that he would move to quell the coup unless it was led by someone with a higher military rank than himself, the officers brought in General Cemal Gürsel as their leader. The coup was carried out against the democratically elected government of the Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1961), Democrat Party, and ultimately resulted in the execution of its prime minister, Adnan Menderes, alongside two of his ministers, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan. Background The incident took place at a time of both socio-political turmoil and economi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kızılırmak River
The Kızılırmak (, Turkish for "Red River"), once known as the Halys River ( grc, Ἅλυς) and Alis River ( hy, Ալիս), is the longest river flowing entirely within Turkey. It is a source of hydroelectric power and is not used for navigation. Geography The Kızılırmak flows for a total of , rising in Eastern Anatolia around , flowing first to the west and southwest until , then forming a wide arch, the "Halys bend", flowing first to the west, then to the northwest, passing to the northeast of Lake Tuz (''Tuz Gölü'' in Turkish), then to the north and northeast, where it is joined by its major tributary, the Delice River (once known in Greek as the Cappadox river) at . After zigzagging to the northwest to the confluence with the Devrez River at , and back to the northeast, it joins the Gökırmak (''Blue River'' in Turkish) before finally flowing via a wide delta into the Black Sea east of Samsun at . There are dams on the river at Boyabat, Altınkaya and Derben ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vedat Dalokay
Vedat Dalokay (10 November 1927 – 21 March 1991) was a renowned Turkish architect and a former mayor of Ankara. Early life and education He was born in Elazığ in 1927 to İbrahim Bey from Pertek. He completed his elementary and secondary education in Elazığ. Then he left for Istanbul where he graduated from the faculty of architecture of Istanbul Technical University in 1949. His lecturers there were Clemens Holzmeister and Paul Bonatz. In 1950 he settled to Paris to begin post-graduate studies at the City Planning Department of the Sorbonne University in Paris, France, but then did not graduate. Career Following his graduation in 1949, he entered the Ministry of Works and the Post and Telecommunications Department. In the 1973 Turkish local elections, he was elected as the mayor of Ankara from the Republican People's Party (CHP). In 1977 Dalokay and other CHP mayors, including İstanbul mayor Ahmet İsvan and İzmit mayor Erol Köse issued a declaration on m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deniz Baykal
Deniz Baykal (born 20 July 1938) is a Turkish politician at the Republican People's Party (Turkish: Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, abbreviated CHP) who served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1995 to 1996. Having served in numerous government positions, Baykal led the CHP from 1992 to February 1995, from September 1995 to 1999 and again from 2000 to 2010. Between 2002 and 2010, he also served as the Leader of the Opposition by virtue of leading the second largest party in Parliament. First elected to Parliament in 1973, Baykal went on to serve as Minister of Finance in the CHP- MSP coalition of 1974 and as Minister of Energy and Natural Resources in the third government of Bülent Ecevit from 1978 to 1979. With the CHP shut down during the 1980 Turkish coup d'état, Baykal was briefly imprisoned before being elected to Parliament once again in 1987 from the new Social Democratic People's Party (SHP). Baykal was one of the leading members of the re-estab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hürriyet
''Hürriyet'' (, ''Liberty'') is one of the major Turkish newspapers, founded in 1948. , it had the highest circulation of any newspaper in Turkey at around 319,000. ''Hürriyet'' has a mainstream, liberal and conservative outlook. ''Hürriyet'' combines entertainment value with news coverage. ''Hürriyet'' has regional offices in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Adana, Antalya and Trabzon, as well as a news network comprising 52 offices and 600 reporters in Turkey and abroad, all affiliated with Doğan News Agency, which primarily serves newspapers and television channels that were previously under the management of Doğan Media Group (Doğan Yayın Holding). ''Hürriyet'' is printed in six cities in Turkey and in Frankfurt, Germany. , according to Alexa, its website was the tenth most visited in Turkey, the second most visited of a newspaper and the fourth most visited news website. On 21 March 2018, Doğan Yayın Holding, the parent company of Hürriyet, was sold to Demirören Hold ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adnan Menderes
Adnan Menderes (; 1899 – 17 September 1961) was a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister of Turkey between 1950 and 1960. He was one of the founders of the Democrat Party (DP) in 1946, the fourth legal opposition party of Turkey. He was tried and hanged under the military junta after the 1960 coup d'état, along with two other cabinet members, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan. One of the accusations brought against him was of him ordering the Istanbul pogrom against citizens of Greek ethnicity. He was the last Turkish political leader to be executed after a military coup and is also one of the four political leaders of the Turkish Republic (along with Kemal Atatürk, Süleyman Demirel and Turgut Özal) to have had a mausoleum built in his honour. Early life and career Adnan Menderes was born in 1899 in Koçarlı, Aydın Province, as a son of a wealthy landowner of Crimean Tatar origin. After primary school, Menderes attended the American College in İ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kızılay, Ankara
Kızılay is a neighbourhood in Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey. It is named after the Kızılay Derneği (Turkish Red Crescent) whose headquarters used to be located at the Kızılay Square, its centre. Güvenpark in Kızılay has many trees and benches, while a metro station and a bus terminal nearby provide easy access to other parts of the city. On March 13, 2016, Kızılay suffered a terrorist bombing which killed 37 people and injured 125. The bombing took place on Atatürk Boulevard near Güvenpark. Demographics Gallery File:Selanik Street from above.jpg, Selanik Street and Kızılay Square File:Guvenpark.jpg, Güven Park, 2006 File:Atatürk Bulvarı Kızılay.jpg, Atatürk Boulevard Atatürk Boulevard ( tr, Atatürk Bulvarı) is the most important avenue in Ankara, Turkey. Geography The boulevard runs about in the south to north direction. At the southernmost point it intersects with Çankaya Boulevard and at the northern ... References External links ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celal Bayar
Celal is both a masculine Turkish given name and a surname. It is the Turkish form of the Arabic word Jalal (جلال), which means "majesty". Notable people with the name include: Given name * Celal Al (born 1984), Turkish actor * Celal Esat Arseven (1875–1971), Turkish painter, writer and politician * Celal Atik (1918–1979), Turkish sports wrestler * Celâl Bayar (1883–1986), Turkish politician * Celal İbrahim (1884–1917), Ottoman football player * Celal Nuri İleri (1881–1938), Turkish politician * Celal Kandemiroglu (1953–2022), video game specialist * Celal Şahin (1925–2018), Turkish musician and humorist * Celâl Şengör (born 1955), Turkish geologist * Celal Yardımcı (1911–1986), Turkish lawyer and politician Middle name * Hasan Celal Güzel (1945–2018), Turkish politician Surname * Peride Celal Peride Celal Yönsel (June 10, 1916 – June 15, 2013), commonly known as Peride Celal or Peride Celâl, was a Turkish novelist and story writer. Her work ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plevna March
Plevna March or Osman Pasha March was written in order to commemorate Osman Pasha, who led Ottoman troops in the Siege of Plevna.Büyük Larousse Sözlük ve Ansiklopedisi (1986), v. 18, c. 9433, Gelişim Yayınları. History It was sung under the name of ''Old Plevna March'' by Hafız Yaşar Bey and his group in 1910 (not definite) and underwent some changes before it took its final version. According to Yaşar Bey, it had been written by Mehmet Ali Bey.''Osmanlı Marşları: The Ottoman Military Music in 78 rpm Records'', Muammer Karabey Koleksiyonu Book & CD, Kalan. According to other sources, it was written by Mithat Efendi and composed by Armenian composer Tigran Chukhajian Tigran Gevorki Chukhajian ( hy, Տիգրան Չուխաճեան, tr, Dikran Çuhacıyan; 1837 – March 11, 1898) was an Ottoman Armenian composer and conductor, and the founder of the first opera institution in the Ottoman Empire. Biography .... There are still other sources that claim the song was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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