4R (other)
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4R (other)
4R may refer to: * 4R Family restaurants in Northern California * Galaxy 4R, a Panamsat-owned communications satellite * Ponceau 4R, a synthetic colourant * Hamburg International airline's IATA code * Nachtjagdgeschwader 2, from its historic ''Geschwaderkennung'' code with the Luftwaffe in World War II * Sri Lanka aircraft registration * A standard consumer print size for photographs. See Standard photographic print sizes * the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act, also known as the "4R Act" * the short-lived acronym for Neljä ruusua ('Four Roses'), a Finnish band, aiming for a broader international appeal *4R, the production code for the 1977 ''Doctor Who'' serial '' The Robots of Death'' See also * The four Rs (other) The four Rs may refer to : * some variants of The three Rs ** ''Reading, (W)Riting, (A)Rithmetic (or Reckoning), and Religion'', in education ** Responsibility, Respect, Resourcefulness, Responsiveness (in the Individual Education schoo ...
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Galaxy 4R
Galaxy 4R was a communications satellite operated by PanAmSat from 2000 to 2006, and by Intelsat from 2006 to 2009. It spent most of its operational life at an orbital location of 99° W, a slot once occupied by the Galaxy IV, which suffered a failure in 1998. G4R was launched on April 18, 2000, with an Ariane launch vehicle, and covered North America with twenty-four transponders each on the C- and Ku bands. The satellite is currently at 76.8°W, inclined. Users included Warner Brothers, National Public Radio, Public Radio International, Buena Vista Television Distribution, FOX, and Televisa. The satellite was also utilized for satellite internet services through DirecPC. Much of the Ku side was occupied by the HITS service, which re-distributes programming found on other satellites to cable providers. Designed for an operational lifespan of 15 years, Galaxy 4R suffered a propulsion system failure in 2003 and was replaced by Galaxy 16 on August 14, 2006. It was moved t ...
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Ponceau 4R
Ponceau 4R (known by more than 100 synonyms,Abbey J, et at. Colorants. pp 459-465 in Encyclopedia of Food Safety, Vol 2: Hazards and Diseases. Eds, Motarjemi Y et al. Academic Press, 2013. including as C.I. 16255,FDA. 9 November 2008Food and Drug Administration Compliance Program Guidance Manual, Chapter 03 – Foodborne Biological Hazardsp37 cochineal red A, C.I. acid red 18, brilliant scarlet 3R, brilliant scarlet 4R, new coccine,) is a synthetic colourant that may be used as a food colouring. It is denoted by E Number E124. Its chemical name is 1-(4-sulfo-1-napthylazo)-2-napthol-6,8-disulfonic acid, trisodium salt. ''Ponceau'' (17th century French for "poppy-coloured") is the generic name for a family of azo dyes. Ponceau 4R is a strawberry red azo dye which can be used in a variety of food products, and is usually synthesized from aromatic hydrocarbons; it is stable to light, heat, and acid but fades in the presence of ascorbic acid. It is used in Europe, Asia, and Aust ...
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Hamburg International
Hamburg International Luftverkehrsgesellschaft mbH & Co. Betriebs KG was an independent passenger airline based in Hamburg-Nord, Hamburg, Germany, operating scheduled charter services for European tour operators, as well as ad hoc charters and subservices. Its main base was Hamburg Airport, with further bases at Friedrichshafen Airport, Munich Airport and Saarbrücken Airport. History The airline was established in July 1998 and started operations on 28 April 1999. It was wholly owned by its management and local venture capitalists and had 215 employees (at March 2007). After several charter contracts were revoked, Hamburg International went bankrupt on 19 October 2010. All aircraft were returned to their lessors, and all flights were cancelled with immediate effect. Fleet Over the years, Hamburg International operated the following aircraft types: See also *List of defunct airlines of Germany This is a list of defunct airlines of Germany. See also * List of airlin ...
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Nachtjagdgeschwader 2
''Nachtjagdgeschwader'' 2 (NJG 2) was a German Luftwaffe night fighter and night intruder wing during World War II. Background Night fighter operations did form part of Wehrmacht war games during 1935 and 1936. Luftwaffe Service Regulation No. 16 mentioned night fighting only in Section 253. The regulation stipulated in vague language, that night fighting zones should be established so that night fighters and anti-aircraft artillery did not interfere with each other's operations. The regulation foresaw the use of Search lights in cooperation with pilots. Any hindrance to offensive air forces caused by "restrictive measures" was to be avoided. The prevailing attitude to night fighting left commanders on the ground to carry out research on their own; the first occurred in Berlin, by ''Luftkreiskommando'' II from May to November 1936. The ''Oberkommando der Luftwaffe'' did order experiments with searchlights and aircraft from the summer, 1937. In 1939 several night fighter ''staffel ...
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Luftwaffe
The ''Luftwaffe'' () was the aerial-warfare branch of the German ''Wehrmacht'' before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the ''Luftstreitkräfte'' of the Imperial Army and the '' Marine-Fliegerabteilung'' of the Imperial Navy, had been disbanded in May 1920 in accordance with the terms of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles which banned Germany from having any air force. During the interwar period, German pilots were trained secretly in violation of the treaty at Lipetsk Air Base in the Soviet Union. With the rise of the Nazi Party and the repudiation of the Versailles Treaty, the ''Luftwaffe''s existence was publicly acknowledged on 26 February 1935, just over two weeks before open defiance of the Versailles Treaty through German rearmament and conscription would be announced on 16 March. The Condor Legion, a ''Luftwaffe'' detachment sent to aid Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War, provided the force with a valuable testing grou ...
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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, and southeast of the Arabian Sea; it is separated from the Indian subcontinent by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait. Sri Lanka shares a maritime border with India and Maldives. Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is its legislative capital, and Colombo is its largest city and financial centre. Sri Lanka has a population of around 22 million (2020) and is a multinational state, home to diverse cultures, languages, and ethnicities. The Sinhalese are the majority of the nation's population. The Tamils, who are a large minority group, have also played an influential role in the island's history. Other long established groups include the Moors, the Burghers ...
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Standard Photographic Print Sizes
Standard photographic print sizes are used in photographic printing. Cut sheets of paper meant for printing photographs are commonly sold in these sizes. Many nominal and effective sizes are specified in international standard ISO 1008 using millimeters only, although most are clearly derived from integer-inch lengths. They are highlighted in the table below. United States In the US, size names are often denoted with a code of the format ''n''R, where the number ''n'' represents the length of the shorter edge in inches. In the normal series, the long edge is the length of the short edge plus 2 inches (10 in or less) or 3 inches (11 in and above). The alternative Super series, denoted S''n''R, ''n''R Plus or ''n''R+, has an aspect ratio of (or as close as possible) and thus provides a better fit for standard 135 film (35 mm) at sizes of 8 inches or above. 5R is twice the size of a 2R print, 6R twice the size of a 4R print and S8R twice the size of 6R. 4D/6D is ...
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Railroad Revitalization And Regulatory Reform Act
The Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976, often called the "4R Act," is a United States federal law that established the basic outlines of regulatory reform in the railroad industry and provided transitional operating funds following the 1970 bankruptcy of Penn Central Transportation Company. The law approved the "Final System Plan" for the newly created Conrail and authorized acquisition of Northeast Corridor tracks and facilities by Amtrak. The Act was the first in a series of laws which collectively are described as the deregulation of transportation in the United States. It was followed by the Airline Deregulation Act (1978), Staggers Rail Act (1980), and the Motor Carrier Act of 1980. Background Following the massive bankruptcy of the Penn Central in 1970, Congress created Amtrak to take over the failed company's intercity passenger train service, under the Rail Passenger Service Act. Congress passed the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 (the "3 ...
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Neljä Ruusua
Neljä Ruusua (''Four Roses'') is a Finnish rock group formed in the city of Joensuu in 1982. The group consists of guitarist-singer Ilkka Alanko, guitarist Petteri Koistinen, bass guitarist Jari Laakkonen and drummer Kari Kämäräinen. Their style of music was influenced by punk in their earlier years, but changed over time to more conventional Finnish rock and pop music. The most popular albums of the band are ''Haloo'' (1992, ''Hello'') and ''Pop-uskonto'' (1993, ''Pop Religion''), which bought the band to a great popularity. The band has released 12 studio albums, with two English albums, ''Mood'' (1996) and ''Not for Sale'' (1998), which were the band's attempt to break the English language market. After these two unsuccessful albums, the band returned to their native language and released their so-called comeback album ''Uusi aalto'' (1999, ''New Wave''). On August 13, 2007, it was announced on the band's official website that the group retreats to spend a quiet life for a ...
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The Robots Of Death
''The Robots of Death'' is the fifth serial of the 14th season of the British science fiction television series ''Doctor Who'', which was first broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC1 from 29 January to 19 February 1977. In the serial, the Fourth Doctor (Tom Baker) and Leela (Louise Jameson) arrive on a sandminer whose crew, from a robot-dependent civilisation, are being murdered. Influenced by the works of Agatha Christie, Isaac Asimov and Frank Herbert, ''The Robots of Death'' was the second script written for the series by Chris Boucher, Philip Hinchcliffe's penultimate story as producer and Michael E. Briant's final contribution to the series as a director. It has been described by ''Radio Times'' as a "fan favourite", "suspenseful" and "beautifully designed" serial featuring Tom Baker "in his prime". It was chosen to represent the era of the Fourth Doctor at the British Film Institute's 50th anniversary celebration of ''Doctor Who''. Plot The Fourth Doctor and Leela a ...
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The Four Rs (other)
The four Rs may refer to : * some variants of The three Rs ** ''Reading, (W)Riting, (A)Rithmetic (or Reckoning), and Religion'', in education ** Responsibility, Respect, Resourcefulness, Responsiveness (in the Individual Education school system) ** Reduce, reuse, recycle and repair, in sustainability * rescue, rehabilitation, restoration, and reintegration. * remove, raise, reduce and reward, A YouTube campaign that approach to responsibility for its content. {{DEFAULTSORT:four Rs, The ...
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Waste Hierarchy
Waste hierarchy is a tool used in the evaluation of processes that protect the environment alongside resource and energy consumption from most favourable to least favourable actions. The hierarchy establishes preferred program priorities based on sustainability. To be sustainable, waste management cannot be solved only with technical end-of-pipe solutions and an integrated approach is necessary. The waste management hierarchy indicates an order of preference for action to reduce and manage waste, and is usually presented diagrammatically in the form of a pyramid. The hierarchy captures the progression of a material or product through successive stages of waste management, and represents the latter part of the life-cycle for each product. The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum amount of waste. The proper application of the waste hierarchy can have several benefits. It can help prevent emissions o ...
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