|
47th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
, dates = 1 February 1944 – September 1944 , country = , branch = Heer (Wehrmacht) , type = Infantry , role = , size = Division , command_structure = , garrison = , nickname = , battles = , notable_commanders = , associated units = The 47th Infantry Division (german: 47. Infanterie-Division) was an infantry division of the German Heer during World War II. It was formed in February 1944 and was destroyed by the forces of the Western Allies in the Mons cauldron in September 1944. The division was then reassembled as the 47th Volksgrenadier Division and operated until 1945. Operational history The 47th Infantry Division was raised on 1 February 1944 near Calais in German-occupied France from the 156th Reserve Divisio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balkenkreuz
The ''Balkenkreuz'' () is a straight-armed cross that was first introduced in 1916–1918 and later became the emblem of the ''Wehrmacht'' (German Armed Forces) and its branches from 1935 until the end of World War II. It was used by the '' Wehrmacht Heer'' (Army), ''Luftwaffe'' (Air Force), and '' Kriegsmarine'' (Navy). History Germany's ''Luftstreitkräfte'' (the army air service of the German Imperial Army) first officially adopted the ''Balkenkreuz'' in mid-April 1918 (about a week before the death of Manfred von Richthofen), and used it from that time until World War I ended in November 1918. The IdFlieg directive of 20 March 1918 to all manufacturers states in the first sentence (translated to English): "To improve the recognition of our aircraft, the following is ordered: ... In paragraph 2, the second sentence specifies: "This alteration is to be carried out by 15 April 1918." The closing sentence reads: "Order 41390 is to be speedily executed." Its use resumed, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Occupation Of France
The Military Administration in France (german: Militärverwaltung in Frankreich; french: Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne) was an interim occupation authority established by Nazi Germany during World War II to administer the occupied zone in areas of northern and western France. This so-called ' was established in June 1940, and renamed ' ("north zone") in November 1942, when the previously unoccupied zone in the south known as ' ("free zone") was also occupied and renamed ' ("south zone"). Its role in France was partly governed by the conditions set by the Second Armistice at after the success of the leading to the Fall of France; at the time both French and Germans thought the occupation would be temporary and last only until Britain came to terms, which was believed to be imminent. For instance, France agreed that its soldiers would remain prisoners of war until the cessation of all hostilities. The "French State" (') replaced the French Third Republic that had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Units And Formations Established In 1944
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military may f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kesselschlacht
Encirclement is a military term for the situation when a force or target is isolated and surrounded by enemy forces. The situation is highly dangerous for the encircled force. At the strategic level, it cannot receive supplies or reinforcements, and on the tactical level, the units in the force can be subject to an attack from several sides. Lastly, since the force cannot retreat, unless it is relieved or can break out, it must fight to the death or surrender. A special kind of encirclement is the siege. In that case, the encircled forces are enveloped in a fortified position in which long-lasting supplies and strong defences are in place, allowing them to withstand attacks. Sieges have taken place in almost all eras of warfare. History Encirclement has been used throughout the centuries by military leaders, including generals such as Spartacus, Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Genghis Khan, Khalid bin Waleed, Hannibal, Sun Tzu, Yi Sun Shin, Shaka Zulu, von Wall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economist Intelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5th Panzer Army
5th Panzer Army (german: 5. Panzerarmee) was the name of two different German armoured formations during World War II. The first of these was formed in 1942, during the North African campaign and surrendered to the Allies at Tunis in 1943. The army was re-formed in France in 1944, fought in Western Europe and surrendered in the Ruhr pocket in 1945. History Formation in Italy and deployment in North Africa On 17 November 1942, the ''Stab Nehring'' staff, assigned to the German general in Rome, was reformed to become the LXXXX Army Corps. This staff was soon repurposed to become the 5th Panzer Army. The 5th Panzer Army was created on 8 December 1942 as a command formation for armoured units forming to defend Tunisia against Allied attacks which threatened, after the success of the Allied Operation Torch landings in Algeria and Morocco. The army fought alongside the Italian First Army as a part of Army Group Afrika. The army capitulated on 13 May 1943, along with its commander G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Elfeldt
Otto Elfeldt (10 October 1895 – 23 October 1982) was a German general during World War II and a POW at Trent Park. He was also a recipient of the German Cross in Gold of Nazi Germany. Career He was commander of the 302nd Infantry Division in 1943, with which he fought at Voroshilovgrad, the Mius River and Zaporizhia. In December 1943, he became commander of the 165th Reserve Division in Belgium and in February 1944 of the 47th Infantry Division in France. On 30 July 1944, he took over command of the LXXXIV Army Corps from Dietrich von Choltitz Dietrich Hugo Hermann von Choltitz (; 9 November 1894 – 5 November 1966) was a German general. Sometimes referred to as the Saviour of Paris, he served in the Wehrmacht (armed forces) of Nazi Germany during World War II, as well as serving in ..., but his Corps was surrounded and destroyed in the Falaise Pocket. Eltfeldt was taken prisoner near Saint Lambert and held in Trent Park and Island Farm Special Camp until his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
D-day Landings
The Normandy landings were the landing operations and associated airborne operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. Codenamed Operation Neptune and often referred to as D-Day, it was the largest seaborne invasion in history. The operation began the liberation of France (and later western Europe) and laid the foundations of the Allied victory on the Western Front. Planning for the operation began in 1943. In the months leading up to the invasion, the Allies conducted a substantial military deception, codenamed Operation Bodyguard, to mislead the Germans as to the date and location of the main Allied landings. The weather on D-Day was far from ideal, and the operation had to be delayed 24 hours; a further postponement would have meant a delay of at least two weeks, as the invasion planners had requirements for the phase of the moon, the tides, and the time of day that meant only a few days each month were d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Overlord
Operation Overlord was the codename for the Battle of Normandy, the Allies of World War II, Allied operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied Western Front (World War II), Western Europe during World War II. The operation was launched on 6 June 1944 (D-Day) with the Normandy landings. A 1,200-plane Airborne forces, airborne assault preceded an amphibious warfare, amphibious assault involving more than 5,000 vessels. Nearly 160,000 troops crossed the English Channel on 6 June, and more than two million Allied troops were in France by the end of August. The decision to undertake a cross-channel invasion in 1944 was taken at the Washington Conference (1943), Trident Conference in Washington, D.C., Washington in May 1943. General Dwight D. Eisenhower was appointed commander of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, and General Bernard Montgomery was named commander of the 21st Army Group, which comprised all the land forces involved in the invasio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
156th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 156th Infantry Division (German: ''156. Infanteriedivision'') was a German Army infantry division in World War II. History The 156th Infantry Division was raised in April 1945, where it was sent to the eastern front, which was approaching westwards to the German border. It was known before as Division Nr. 156 (December 1939 - October 1942), Division Baltzer (November - December 1942) and 156. Reserve-Division (October 1942 - February 1944). Commanders * Generalleutnant Max Noack (1 September 1939 - 15 August 1942) * Generalleutnant Richard Baltzer (15 August 1942 - 8 July 1943) * Generalmajor Johannes Nedtwig (8 July 1943 - September 1943) * Generalleutnant Richard Baltzer (September 1943 - 27 December 1943) * Generalleutnant Otto Elfeldt Otto Elfeldt (10 October 1895 – 23 October 1982) was a German general during World War II and a POW at Trent Park. He was also a recipient of the German Cross in Gold of Nazi Germany. Career He was commander of the 302 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
156th Reserve Division (Wehrmacht)
The 156th Infantry Division (German: ''156. Infanteriedivision'') was a German Army infantry division in World War II. History The 156th Infantry Division was raised in April 1945, where it was sent to the eastern front, which was approaching westwards to the German border. It was known before as Division Nr. 156 (December 1939 - October 1942), Division Baltzer (November - December 1942) and 156. Reserve-Division (October 1942 - February 1944). Commanders * Generalleutnant Max Noack (1 September 1939 - 15 August 1942) * Generalleutnant Richard Baltzer (15 August 1942 - 8 July 1943) * Generalmajor Johannes Nedtwig (8 July 1943 - September 1943) * Generalleutnant Richard Baltzer (September 1943 - 27 December 1943) * Generalleutnant Otto Elfeldt Otto Elfeldt (10 October 1895 – 23 October 1982) was a German general during World War II and a POW at Trent Park. He was also a recipient of the German Cross in Gold of Nazi Germany. Career He was commander of the 302nd Inf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calais
Calais ( , , traditionally , ) is a port city in the Pas-de-Calais department, of which it is a subprefecture. Although Calais is by far the largest city in Pas-de-Calais, the department's prefecture is its third-largest city of Arras. The population of the city proper is 72,929; that of the urban area is 149,673 (2018).Comparateur de territoire: Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Calais (073), Commune de Calais (62193) INSEE Calais overlooks the Strait of Dover, the narrowest point in the |
