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442nd
The 442nd Infantry Regiment ( ja, 第442歩兵連隊) was an infantry regiment of the United States Army. The regiment is best known as the most decorated in U.S. military history and as a fighting unit composed almost entirely of second-generation American soldiers of Japanese ancestry ('' Nisei'') who fought in World War II. Beginning in 1944, the regiment fought primarily in the European Theatre, in particular Italy, southern France, and Germany. The 442nd Regimental Combat Team (RCT) was organized on March 23, 1943, in response to the War Department's call for volunteers to form the segregated Japanese American army combat unit. More than 12,000 Nisei (second-generation Japanese American) volunteers answered the call. Ultimately 2,686 from Hawaii and 1,500 from U.S. concentration camps assembled at Camp Shelby, Mississippi in April 1943 for a year of infantry training. Many of the soldiers from the continental U.S. had families in concentration camps while they fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
92nd Infantry Division (United States)
The 92nd Infantry Division (92nd Division, WWI) was an African-American infantry division of the United States Army that served in both World War I and World War II. The military was then segregated. The division was organized in October 1917, after the U.S. entry into World War I, at Camp Funston, Kansas, with African-American soldiers from all states. In 1918, before leaving for France, the American buffalo was selected as the divisional insignia due to the "Buffalo Soldiers" nickname, given to African-American cavalrymen in the 19th century. The divisional nickname, "Buffalo Soldiers Division", was inherited from the 366th Infantry, one of the first units organized in the division. The 92nd Infantry Division was the only African-American infantry division that participated in combat in Europe during World War II. Other units were used as support. It was part of the U.S. Fifth Army, fighting in the Italian Campaign. The division served in the Italian Campaign from 1944 to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Americans
are Americans of Japanese ancestry. Japanese Americans were among the three largest Asian American ethnic communities during the 20th century; but, according to the 2000 census, they have declined in number to constitute the sixth largest Asian American group at around 1,469,637, including those of partial ancestry. According to the 2010 census, the largest Japanese American communities were found in California with 272,528, Hawaii with 185,502, New York with 37,780, Washington with 35,008, Illinois with 17,542 and Ohio with 16,995. Southern California has the largest Japanese American population in North America and the city of Gardena holds the densest Japanese American population in the 48 contiguous states. History Immigration People from Japan began migrating to the US in significant numbers following the political, cultural, and social changes stemming from the Meiji Restoration in 1868. These early Issei immigrants came primarily from small towns and rural areas in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
371st Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 371st Infantry Regiment was a segregated African American regiment, nominally a part of the 93rd Division, that served in World War I under French Army command, and also in World War II in the Italian Campaign as part of the 92nd Infantry Division (Colored).Rinaldi, p. 98Stanton, pp. 166–167, 253 World War I The regiment was organized 31 August 1917 at Camp Jackson, South Carolina as the 1st Provisional Infantry Regiment, primarily or entirely from draftees. The regiment was initially commanded by Colonel Perry L. Miles. Due to a labor shortage for moving the cotton crop, arrival of draftees was delayed until October, and the regiment did not complete organization until 20 November 1917. On 1 December 1917, the regiment was redesignated as the 371st Infantry Regiment and assigned to the 93rd Division (Provisional). However, the division was never fully organized and its headquarters elements were demobilized in May 1918. The regiment moved to France in April 191 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distinctive Unit Insignia
A distinctive unit insignia (DUI) is a metallic Heraldry, heraldic badge or device worn by soldiers in the United States Army. The DUI design is derived from the coat of arms authorized for a unit. DUIs may also be called "distinctive insignia" (DI) or, imprecisely, a "Crest (heraldry), crest" or a "unit crest" by soldiers or collectors. The U.S. Army Institute of Heraldry is responsible for the design, development and authorization of all DUIs. History Pre-World War I Insignia Distinctive ornamentation of a design desired by the organization was authorized for wear on the mess dress, Mess Jacket uniform by designated organizations (staff corps, departments, corps of artillery, and infantry and cavalry regiments) per War Department General Order 132 dated December 31, 1902. The distinctive ornamentation was described later as coats of arms, pins and devices. The authority continued until omitted in the Army uniform regulation dated December 26, 1911. Distinctive unit insignia W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regimental Combat Team
A regimental combat team (RCT) is a provisional major infantry unit which has seen use by branches of the United States Armed Forces. It is formed by augmenting a regular infantry regiment with smaller combat, combat support and combat service support units. The United States Army first adopted the RCT concept just prior to World War II, where it served as the infantry-centric counterpart to the Combat Command used by armored forces. RCTs were widely used during World War II and the Korean War but were disbanded after the adoption of the Pentomic structure in 1957. The United States Marine Corps maintains the use of the RCT to the present day. U.S. Army In 1939, the US Army formally switched from the square division to the triangular division, eliminating the brigade and leaving the regiment as the basic combat subunit of a division. However, the Army also recognized that it would need a separate infantry force to conduct missions too small for a division and created the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
366th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 366th Infantry Regiment was an all African American ( segregated) unit of the United States Army that served in both World War I and World War II. In the latter war, the unit was exceptional for having all black officers as well as troops. The U.S. military did not desegregate until after World War II. During the war, for most of the segregated units, all field grade (majors and above) and most of the company grade officers (second lieutenants, first lieutenants, and captains) were white. __TOC__ World War I The 366th Infantry was constituted 16 August 1917 in the National Army as the 366th Infantry, assigned to the 92nd Division, and organized at Camp Dodge, Iowa, in November 1917. In World War I the regiment served overseas as a part of the 92nd Division, National Army and earned credit for battle participation as follows: * St. Die Sector (Lorraine), 23 August 1918 – 20 September 1918 * Meuse-Argonne Sector, 26 September 1918 – 5 October 1918 * Marbach Sector (L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
370th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 370th Infantry Regiment was the designation for one of the infantry regiments of the 93rd (Provisional) Infantry Division in World War I. Known as the "Black Devils", for their fierce fighting during the First World War and a segregated unit, it was the only United States Army combat unit with African-American officers. In World War II, a regiment known as the 370th Infantry Regiment was part of the segregated 92nd Infantry Division, but did not perpetuate the lineage of the 8th Illinois or World War I 370th, only sharing its numerical designation. The regiment grew out of the 8th Infantry Regiment, Illinois National Guard (also known as the "Fighting 8th") which saw action in the Spanish American War, where it first made United States' history with its all-black officer corp. The World War I unit is memorialized by the Victory Monument in Bronzeville, Chicago. 8th Infantry Regiment, Illinois National Guard This was an all-black militia regiment which was first founde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
758th Tank Battalion (United States)
The 758th Tank Battalion was a tank battalion of the United States Army that served during World War II. The first armored unit to consist of African-American soldiers, the 758th was formed in 1941 and served in Italy. History On 13 January 1941, the U.S. Army established the 78th Tank Battalion, the first black armored unit. In March 1941 the tankers reported to Fort Knox, Kentucky, to begin armored warfare training. On 8 May 1941 at Fort Knox, Kentucky the 78th Tank Battalion was re-designated as the 758th Tank Battalion (Light). It was the first of three units that would form the all-black 5th Tank Group. The 758th trained in mechanized warfare using the M5 light tank. One of the battalion's more notable members was future baseball star Jackie Robinson. Robinson was transferred to the unit from the 761st Tank Battalion after an incident in which he refused to move to the back of a civilian bus. The 758th was permanently attached to the 92nd Infantry Division until 22 Septem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
473rd Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 473d Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment of the United States Army that served on the Italian Front during World War II. It was created on 14 January 1945 from existing anti-aircraft units that were no longer needed to defend against enemy aircraft. It was raised from the Headquarters Company, 2d Armored Group and the 434th, 435th, 532d and 900th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons battalions. Most of the elements of the 473d had been parts of Task Force 45. This was a division-sized unit built around the U.S. 45th Antiaircraft Artillery Brigade with attached British, Brazilian, and Italian elements. The 473d Infantry, a white unit, was assigned for some time to the black 92d Infantry Division starting from 24 February 1945 until 17 May 1945. It was used to replace the black 365th Infantry Regiment, which was reassigned to U.S. IV Corps. In August 1945 it was deactivated in Italy. Components Colonel Willis D. Cronk of Headquarters Company, 2d Armored Grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nisei
is a Japanese-language term used in countries in North America and South America to specify the ethnically Japanese children born in the new country to Japanese-born immigrants (who are called ). The are considered the second generation, and the grandchildren of the Japanese-born immigrants are called , or third generation. ( are Japanese for "one, two, three"; ''see'' Japanese numerals.) History Although the earliest organized group of Japanese emigrants left Japan centuries ago, and a later group settled in Mexico in 1897,Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)"Japan-Mexico Relations" retrieved 2011-05-17 the four largest populations of Japanese immigrants and their descendants live in Brazil, Canada, Peru, and the United States. American ''Nisei'' Some US ''Nisei'' were born after the end of World War II during the baby boom. Most ''Nisei'', however, who were living in the western United States during World War II, were forcibly interned with their parents (' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gothic Line
The Gothic Line (german: Gotenstellung; it, Linea Gotica) was a German Defense line, defensive line of the Italian Campaign (World War II), Italian Campaign of World War II. It formed Generalfeldmarschall, Field Marshal Albert Kesselring's last major line of defence along the summits of the northern part of the Apennine Mountains during the fighting retreat of the Wehrmacht, German forces in Italian Social Republic, Italy against the Allied Armies in Italy, commanded by General (United Kingdom), General Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis, Sir Harold Alexander. Adolf Hitler had concerns about the state of preparation of the Gothic Line: he feared the Allies would use Amphibious warfare, amphibious landings to flanking maneuver, outflank its defences. To downgrade its importance in the eyes of both friend and foe, he ordered the name, with its historic connotations, changed, reasoning that if the Allies managed to break through they would not be able to use the more i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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