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2013–2015 PKK–Turkey Peace Process
The Solution process ( tr, Çözüm süreci), also known as Peace process ( tr, Barış süreci; ku, Proseya Aştiyê) or the PKK–Turkish peace process, was a peace process that aimed to resolve the conflict between the Turkey and PKK as part of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present). The conflict has been ongoing since 1984 and resulted in some 40,000 mortal casualties and great economic losses for Turkey as well as high damage to the general population. Though there was a unilateral cease-fire between 1999 and 2004, the sides failed to gain understanding, and the conflict became increasingly violent. The 2013 truce was working until the truce fully collapsed in 2015, following the Ceylanpınar incidents, in which the PKK killed two Turkish policemen, accusing them to have collaborated with the Islamic State (IS) in the Suruç bombing. Background The Turkey-PKK conflict is an armed conflict between the Republic of Turkey and people related to PKK, which have deman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdistan Workers' Party
The Kurdistan Workers' Party or PKK is a Kurdish militant political organization and armed guerrilla movement, which historically operated throughout Kurdistan, but is now primarily based in the mountainous Kurdish-majority regions of southeastern Turkey and northern Iraq. Since 1984, the PKK has utilized asymmetric warfare in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict (with several ceasefires between 1993 and 2013–2015). Although the PKK once sought an independent Kurdish state, in the 1990s its aims shifted toward autonomy and increased rights for Kurds within Turkey. The PKK is designated as a terrorist organization by Turkey, the United States, the EU and some other countries; however, the labeling of the PKK as a terrorist organization is controversial, and some analysts and organizations contend that the PKK no longer engages in organized terrorist activities or systemically targets civilians. Turkey has often viewed the demand for education in Kurdish language as supportin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economy Of Turkey
Turkey has an emerging market economy, as defined by the International Monetary Fund. The country is a founding member of the OECD (1961) and the G-20 major economies (1999). Since 1995, Turkey is a party to the European Union–Turkey Customs Union. Turkey is often classified as a newly industrialized country by economists and political scientists; while Merrill Lynch, the World Bank, the IMF and ''The Economist'' magazine describe Turkey as an emerging market economy. The World Bank classifies Turkey as an upper-middle income country in terms of the country's per capita GDP. The CIA World Factbook adds Turkey to its list of developed countries (DCs) due to the country's status as a founding member of the OECD. With a population of 84.6 million as of 2021, Turkey is among the world's leading producers of agricultural products, textiles, motor vehicles, transportation equipment, construction materials, consumer electronics and home appliances. Turkey's nominal GDP peaked at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triple Murder Of Kurdish Activists In Paris
Fidan Doğan, Sakine Cansiz and Leyla Şaylemez, Kurdish women's activists, were murdered by gunshots to the head during the night of 9–10 January 2013 in the 10th arrondissement of Paris. Facts During the night between Wednesday 9 and Thursday 10 January 2013, the bodies of Fidan Doğan (28), Sakine Cansız (54), co-founder of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and Leyla Şaylemez (24) – all three Kurdish women activists – were found in the premises of the Centre d'Information sur le Kurdistan located on 147 Rue La Fayette in Paris. Each of them were shot execution-style with several bullets in the head and neck. Investigations According to investigations by French authorities, it is possible that Turkey's National Intelligence Organization (MİT) is involved in the murders. The suspected murderer, Ömer Güney, was a 34 year old Turkish maintenance employee at Paris Charles de Gaulle airport. Video cameras at the site of the murder show that he was inside the bui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician serving as the List of presidents of Turkey, 12th and current president of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as prime minister of Turkey from 2003 to 2014 and as List of mayors of Istanbul, mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. He founded the Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justice and Development Party (AKP) in 2001, leading it to election victories in 2002 Turkish general election, 2002, 2007 Turkish general election, 2007, and 2011 Turkish general election, 2011 general elections before being required to stand down upon his 2014 Turkish presidential election, election as president in 2014. He later returned to the AKP leadership in 2017 following the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, constitutional referendum that year. Coming from an Islamism, Islamist political background and self-describing as a Conservative democracy, conservative democrat, he has promoted Social conservatism, socia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JSTOR
JSTOR (; short for ''Journal Storage'') is a digital library founded in 1995 in New York City. Originally containing digitized back issues of academic journals, it now encompasses books and other primary sources as well as current issues of journals in the humanities and social sciences. It provides full-text searches of almost 2,000 journals. , more than 8,000 institutions in more than 160 countries had access to JSTOR. Most access is by subscription but some of the site is public domain, and open access content is available free of charge. JSTOR's revenue was $86 million in 2015. History William G. Bowen, president of Princeton University from 1972 to 1988, founded JSTOR in 1994. JSTOR was originally conceived as a solution to one of the problems faced by libraries, especially research and university libraries, due to the increasing number of academic journals in existence. Most libraries found it prohibitively expensive in terms of cost and space to maintain a comprehen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insight Turkey
''Insight Turkey'' is an academic journal publishing peer-reviewed articles on Turkish politics since 1999. The previous editor of the journal was Talip Küçükcan, a professor of sociology at the Marmara University İstanbul, Turkey, but who is now the AKP Member of Parliament for Adana. ''Insight Turkey'' is indexed and abstracted in EBSCO, European Sources Online (ESO), Index Islamicus, Middle East & Central Asian Studies, Scopus, Sociological Abstracts. and Worldwide Political Science Abstracts CSA (formerly ''Cambridge Scientific Abstracts'') was a division of Cambridge Information Group and provider of online databases, based in Bethesda, Maryland before merging with ProQuest of Ann Arbor, Michigan in 2007. CSA hosted databases of a ..., among other scientific databases. Back issues are open to public view and downloading free of charge. Gallery File:Insight Turkey, 2014.jpg, A photo of 4th Insight Turkey Annual Conference. External links * {{Official website, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdullah Öcalan
Abdullah Öcalan ( ; ; born 4 April 1949), also known as Apo (short for Abdullah in Turkish and Kurdish for "uncle"), is a political prisoner and founding member of the militant Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). Öcalan was based in Syria from 1979 to 1998. He helped found the PKK in 1978, and led it into the Kurdish–Turkish conflict in 1984. For most of his leadership, he was based in Syria, which provided sanctuary to the PKK until the late 1990s. After being forced to leave Syria, Öcalan was abducted in Nairobi in 1999 by the Turkish National Intelligence Agency (MIT) (with assistance of the USA) and taken to Turkey, where after a trial he was sentenced to death under Article 125 of the Turkish Penal Code, which concerns the formation of armed organizations. The sentence was commuted to aggravated life imprisonment when Turkey abolished the death penalty. From 1999 until 2009, he was the sole prisoner in İmralı prison in the Sea of Marmara, where he is still held. Ö ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hakan Fidan
Hakan Fidan (born 1968) is a retired Turkish army sergeant major, educator, diplomat and the Head of Turkey's National Intelligence Organization. Career After a first degree in management and political sciences at University of Maryland University College he got master's thesis and PhD thesis, both from Bilkent University. He was a non-commissioned officer in the Turkish Army from 1986 to 2001. He was the head of the Turkish Development and Cooperation Agency'' Today's Zaman'', 19 April 2010Hakan Fidan becomes next head of Turkish intelligence from 2003 to 2007. In November 2007 he was appointed as a deputy-undersecretary in the Prime Ministry and became the security advisor for Recep Tayyip Erdogan. National Intelligence Organization From May 2010 to February 2015, he was the undersecretary (i.e. chief) of the National Intelligence Organization ( tr, Milli İstihbarat Teşkilatı, MİT). On 7 February 2015, he resigned from his position to run for the Turkish Grand Nationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Intelligence Organization
The National Intelligence Organization ( tr, Millî İstihbarat Teşkilatı, MİT) is the state intelligence agency of Turkey. Established in 1965 to replace National Security Service, its aim is to gather information about the current and potential threats from inside and outside against all the elements that make up Turkey's indivisible integrity, constitutional order, existence, independence, security and national power and take precautions when necessary. The current headquarters of MIT is located in Etimesgut district of Ankara. The MIT co-operates with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the intelligence agencies of Russia. Its operations and missions are classified. Organization Organizational structure The Organisation's legal basis and structure can be found in Law No. 2937, the Law on the State Intelligence Services and the Turkish National Intelligence Organisation, as well as several other laws. Before November 2016, there were four main departments. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academics For Peace
The Academics for Peace (, BAK) refers to an association of academics who support a peaceful solution to the Kurdish Turkish conflict. They were established in November 2012 and their first public appearance was in support of hunger strikers in Turkish prisons. History In November 2012 about 10,000 prisoners were in a hunger strike and had three demands. They wanted to be able to defend themselves in Kurdish language while on trial, the improvement of Abdullah Öcalan's detention conditions, and the start of peace negotiations between Turkey and the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). A group of academics discussed their demands in a meeting and subsequently they prepared a petition in support of the hunger strikers. Eventually, more than 200 academics from over 50 universities signed the petition in support of the prisoners' demands. Then, since negotiations between Öcalan and politicians of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) were initiated in January 2013, the Academics for Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Pepper (magazine)
''Red Pepper'' is an independent "political radicalism, radical socialism, red and green politics, green" magazine based in the United Kingdom.("This month sees the fifth birthday of Red Pepper, the radical red and green magazine that has defied all predictions by surviving in a market...) For the first half of its history it appeared monthly, but relaunched as a bi-monthly during 2007. Origins ''Red Pepper'' was founded by the Socialist Movement – an independent left-wing grouping that grew out of a series of large conferences held in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, Chesterfield in 1987 and 1988 after the defeat of Britain's UK miners' strike (1984-1985), miners' strike of the mid-1980s. The Socialist Movement set up a campaigning, fortnightly newspaper called ''Socialist'' in autumn 1991. It lasted through September 1992. Supporters of ''The Socialist'' were convinced that there was a demand for a regular green-left publication, published independently of any political party. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imprisonment Of Abdullah Öcalan
Abdullah Öcalan has been imprisoned on İmralı Island in the Sea of Marmara since February 1999. He is serving a life sentence for violating article 125 of the Turkish Penal Code. Initially he was sentenced to death but the conviction was commuted to a life sentence in October 2002. Abdullah Öcalans imprisonment and the detention conditions are an issue that constantly causes constraints in the Turkish-Kurdish political sphere which has also an influence on the relations between Turkey and international organizations. Background Abdullah Öcalan is a founder of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a militant group which initially aimed for an independent Kurdistan but later adapted their demands towards cultural and political rights for the Kurds. He has led the PKK and its struggle from bases in Lebanon and Syria until he was expelled from Syria in October 1998. Following he toured through several countries in Europe and Africa which all refused to either detain and try him o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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