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2-Carboxy-D-arabitinol 1-phosphate
2-Carboxy-D-arabitinol 1-phosphate (or CA1P) is a molecule produced in plants that inhibits RuBisCO, a key enzyme in the Calvin cycle and carbon fixation. In dark conditions, this molecule binds to RuBisCO, preventing it from participating in chemical reactions. As the amount of light present increases, CA1P levels decrease, freeing RuBisCO's reactive ends, allowing more of the molecules to participate in chemical reactions. It can be broken down by the enzyme 2-Carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphatase, 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphatase into 2-Carboxy-D-arabinitol, 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Carboxy-D-arabitinol 1-phosphate, 2- Organophosphates Enzyme inhibitors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RuBisCO
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase, commonly known by the abbreviations RuBisCo, rubisco, RuBPCase, or RuBPco, is an enzyme () involved in the first major step of carbon fixation, a process by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted by plants and other photosynthesis, photosynthetic organisms to fuel, energy-rich molecules such as glucose. In chemical terms, it catalysis, catalyzes the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (also known as RuBP). It is probably the most abundant enzyme on Earth. Alternative carbon fixation pathways RuBisCO is important biology, biologically because it catalyzes the primary chemical reaction by which Total inorganic carbon, inorganic carbon enters the biosphere. While many autotrophic bacteria and archaea fix carbon via the reductive acetyl CoA Pathway, reductive acetyl CoA pathway, the 3-hydroxypropionate cycle, or the reverse Krebs cycle, these pathways are relatively small contributors to global carbon fixation compared t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calvin Cycle
The Calvin cycle, light-independent reactions, bio synthetic phase, dark reactions, or photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR) cycle of photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen-carrier compounds into glucose. The Calvin cycle is present in all photosynthetic eukaryotes and also many photosynthetic bacteria. In plants, these reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled region of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes. These reactions take the products ( ATP and NADPH) of light-dependent reactions and perform further chemical processes on them. The Calvin cycle uses the chemical energy of ATP and reducing power of NADPH from the light dependent reactions to produce sugars for the plant to use. These substrates are used in a series of reduction-oxidation reactions to produce sugars in a step-wise process; there is no direct reaction that converts several molecules of to a sugar. There are three phases to the light-independ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbon Fixation
Biological carbon fixation or сarbon assimilation is the process by which inorganic carbon (particularly in the form of carbon dioxide) is converted to organic compounds by living organisms. The compounds are then used to store energy and as structure for other biomolecules. Carbon is primarily fixed through photosynthesis, but some organisms use a process called chemosynthesis in the absence of sunlight. Organisms that grow by fixing carbon are called autotrophs, which include photoautotrophs (which use sunlight), and lithoautotrophs (which use inorganic oxidation). Heterotrophs are not themselves capable of carbon fixation but are able to grow by consuming the carbon fixed by autotrophs or other heterotrophs. "Fixed carbon", "reduced carbon", and "organic carbon" may all be used interchangeably to refer to various organic compounds. Chemosynthesis is carbon fixation driven by chemical energy, rather than from sunlight. Sulfur- and hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria often use the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2-Carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphatase
The enzyme 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphatase (CA1Pase; EC 3.1.3.63) catalyzes the reaction :2-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate + H2O \rightleftharpoons 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol + phosphate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, to be specific, those acting on phosphoric monoester bonds. The systematic name is 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphate 1-phosphohydrolase. In biology The best-studied 2-Carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphate phosphatase is the enzyme that inactivates the RuBisCO inhibitor 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphate (CA1P). When light levels are high, the inactivation occurs after CA1P has been released from RuBisCO by RuBisCO activase. As CA1P is present in many but not all plants, CA1P-mediated regulation of RuBisCO is not universal for all photosynthetic life. Amino acid sequences of the CA1Pase enzymes from wheat, French bean, tobacco, and ''Arabidopsis thaliana'' reveal that the enzymes contain 2 different domains, indicating that it is a multifunction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organophosphates
In organic chemistry, organophosphates (also known as phosphate esters, or OPEs) are a class of organophosphorus compounds with the general structure , a central phosphate molecule with alkyl or aromatic substituents. They can be considered as esters of phosphoric acid. Like most functional groups, organophosphates occur in a diverse range of forms, with important examples including key biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and ATP, as well as many insecticides, herbicides, nerve agents and flame retardants. OPEs have been widely used in various products as flame retardants, plasticizers, and performance additives to engine oil. The popularity of OPEs as flame retardants came as a substitution for the highly regulated brominated flame retardants. The low cost of production and compatibility to diverse polymers made OPEs to be widely used in industry including textile, furniture, electronics as plasticizers and flame retardants. These compounds are added to the final product physi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
