The enzyme 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphatase (CA1Pase; EC 3.1.3.63)

catalyzes Catalysis () is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recyc ...

the reaction :2-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate + H₂O

\rightleftharpoons

2-carboxy-D-arabinitol + phosphate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, to be specific, those acting on phosphoric

monoester In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an oxoacid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one hydroxyl group () is replaced by an alkoxy group (), as in the substitution reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Glycerides are fa ...

bonds. The systematic name is 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphate 1-phosphohydrolase.

In biology

The best-studied 2-Carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphate phosphatase is the

enzyme Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...

that inactivates the RuBisCO inhibitor 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphate (CA1P). When light levels are high, the inactivation occurs after CA1P has been released from RuBisCO by

RuBisCO activase Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase, commonly known by the abbreviations RuBisCo, rubisco, RuBPCase, or RuBPco, is an enzyme () involved in the first major step of carbon fixation, a process by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is con ...

. As CA1P is present in many but not all plants, CA1P-mediated regulation of RuBisCO is not universal for all photosynthetic life.

Amino acid Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although hundreds of amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the alpha-amino acids, which comprise proteins. Only 22 alpha am ...

sequences of the CA1Pase enzymes from wheat, French bean, tobacco, and ''Arabidopsis thaliana'' reveal that the enzymes contain 2 different domains, indicating that it is a multifunctional

. CA1Pase enzyme activity varies between different

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

due to their regulation by different redox-active compounds, such as glutathione. However, it is yet to be determined whether this process occurs ''in vivo''. Wheat CA1Pase heterologously expressed in ''

E. coli ''Escherichia coli'' (),Wells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Harlow ngland Pearson Education Ltd. also known as ''E. coli'' (), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus ''Escher ...

'' is also able to

dephosphorylate In biochemistry, dephosphorylation is the removal of a phosphate (PO43−) group from an organic compound by hydrolysis. It is a reversible post-translational modification. Dephosphorylation and its counterpart, phosphorylation, activate and deact ...

the RuBisCO inhibitor D-glycero-2,3-diulose-1,5-bisphosphate.

In biology

References

Further reading