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1591 In Science
The year 1591 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. Mathematics * François Viète publishes ''In Artem Analyticien Isagoge'', introducing the new algebra with innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. * Giordano Bruno publishes and in Francfort. Technology * The Rialto Bridge in Venice, designed by Antonio da Ponte, is completed. Publications * Prospero Alpini publishes ''De Medicina Egyptiorum'' in Venice, including accounts of coffee, bananas and the baobab. * Publication of the first of the Conimbricenses commentaries on Aristotle by the Jesuits of the University of Coimbra, ''Commentarii Collegii Conimbricensis Societatis Jesu in octo libros physicorum Aristotelis Stagyritæ'', on Aristotle's ''Physics''. Births * February 21 – Gérard Desargues, French geometer (died 1661) Deaths * July 2 – Vincenzo Galilei, Italian scientist and musician (born 1520 __NOTOC__ Year 1520 ( MDXX) was a leap year starting on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conimbricenses
The Conimbricenses were an important collection of Jesuit commentaries on Aristotle compiled at University of Coimbra in Coimbra, Portugal. Commentaries The Coimbra Commentaries, also known as the Conimbricenses or Cursus Conimbricenses, are a group of 11 books on Aristotle (only eight can be called commentaries). They were produced as part of King John III of Portugal's efforts to make the University of Coimbra rival the University of Paris. The names of 200 Jesuits, including those of professors and students, appeared repeatedly on the college registries. From the late 16th to the early 17th centuries, the university produced voluminous commentaries on Aristotle's philosophical writings. The commentaries were, in fact, dictated to the students by the professors and so were not intended for publication. After they were published anyway, to interpret and disown incorrect and unauthorized editions, Claudio Acquaviva, the General of the Society of Jesus, assigned Pedro da Fonseca, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1591 In Science
The year 1591 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. Mathematics * François Viète publishes ''In Artem Analyticien Isagoge'', introducing the new algebra with innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. * Giordano Bruno publishes and in Francfort. Technology * The Rialto Bridge in Venice, designed by Antonio da Ponte, is completed. Publications * Prospero Alpini publishes ''De Medicina Egyptiorum'' in Venice, including accounts of coffee, bananas and the baobab. * Publication of the first of the Conimbricenses commentaries on Aristotle by the Jesuits of the University of Coimbra, ''Commentarii Collegii Conimbricensis Societatis Jesu in octo libros physicorum Aristotelis Stagyritæ'', on Aristotle's ''Physics''. Births * February 21 – Gérard Desargues, French geometer (died 1661) Deaths * July 2 – Vincenzo Galilei, Italian scientist and musician (born 1520 __NOTOC__ Year 1520 ( MDXX) was a leap year starting on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1520 In Science
The year 1520 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. Botany * Publication of ''Le Grant Herbier'' ("The Great Herbal") in Paris. Exploration * November 1–28 – Ferdinand Magellan's fleet makes the first passage of the Strait of Magellan and he names the Pacific Ocean. Births * ''approx. date'' – Vincenzo Galilei, Italian scientist and musician (died 1591) * Agatha Streicher, German physician (died 1581) Deaths * ''approx. date'' – Pedro Álvares Cabral, Portuguese explorer Exploration refers to the historical practice of discovering remote lands. It is studied by geographers and historians. Two major eras of exploration occurred in human history: one of convergence, and one of divergence. The first, covering most ... (b. c. 1467/8). References {{reflist 16th century in science 1520s in science ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vincenzo Galilei
Vincenzo Galilei (born 3 April 1520, Santa Maria a Monte, Italy died 2 July 1591, Florence, Italy) was an Italian lutenist, composer, and music theorist. His children included the astronomer and physicist Galileo Galilei and the lute virtuoso and composer Michelagnolo Galilei. Vincenzo was a figure in the musical life of the late Renaissance and contributed significantly to the musical revolution which demarcates the beginning of the Baroque era. In his study of pitch and string tension, Galilei produced perhaps the first non-linear mathematical description of a natural phenomenon known to history. Some credit him with directing the activity of his son away from pure, abstract mathematics and towards experimentation using mathematical quantitative description of the results, a direction of importance for the history of physics and natural science. Biography He was born in 1520 in Santa Maria a Monte, Pisa, Tuscany and began studying the lute at an early age. His mother was from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1661 In Science
The year 1661 in science and technology involved some significant events. Biology * Marcello Malpighi is the first to observe and correctly describe capillaries when he discovers them in a frog's lung. Chemistry * Robert Boyle's ''The Sceptical Chymist'' is published in London. Environment * John Evelyn's pamphlet ''Fumifugium'' is one of the earliest descriptions of air pollution. Publications * Abraham Cowley's pamphlet ''The Advancement of Experimental Philosophy''. * Johann Sperling's handbook ''Zoologia physica'' (posthumous). Births * May 3 – Antonio Vallisneri, Italian physician and natural scientist (died 1730) * December 18 – Christopher Polhem, Swedish scientist and inventor (died 1751) * Guillaume François Antoine, Marquis de l'Hôpital, French mathematician (died 1704) * ''approx. date'' – Alida Withoos, Dutch botanical artist (died 1730) Events * Isaac Newton is admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge, as a sizar (June) Deaths * October – Gérard Desar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geometer
A geometer is a mathematician whose area of study is geometry. Some notable geometers and their main fields of work, chronologically listed, are: 1000 BCE to 1 BCE * Baudhayana (fl. c. 800 BC) – Euclidean geometry, geometric algebra * Manava (c. 750 BC–690 BC) – Euclidean geometry * Thales of Miletus (c. 624 BC – c. 546 BC) – Euclidean geometry * Pythagoras (c. 570 BC – c. 495 BC) – Euclidean geometry, Pythagorean theorem * Zeno of Elea (c. 490 BC – c. 430 BC) – Euclidean geometry * Hippocrates of Chios (born c. 470 – 410 BC) – first systematically organized '' Stoicheia – Elements'' (geometry textbook) * Mozi (c. 468 BC – c. 391 BC) * Plato (427–347 BC) * Theaetetus (c. 417 BC – 369 BC) * Autolycus of Pitane (360–c. 290 BC) – astronomy, spherical geometry * Euclid (fl. 300 BC) – '' Elements'', Euclidean geometry (sometimes called the "father of geometry") * Apollonius of Perga (c. 262 BC – c. 190 BC) – Euclidean geometry, conic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gérard Desargues
Girard Desargues (; 21 February 1591 – September 1661) was a French mathematician and engineer, who is considered one of the founders of projective geometry. Desargues' theorem, the Desargues graph, and the crater Desargues on the Moon are named in his honour. Born in Lyon, Desargues came from a family devoted to service to the French crown. His father was a royal notary, an investigating commissioner of the Seneschal's court in Lyon (1574), the collector of the tithes on ecclesiastical revenues for the city of Lyon (1583) and for the diocese of Lyon. Girard Desargues worked as an architect from 1645. Prior to that, he had worked as a tutor and may have served as an engineer and technical consultant in the entourage of Richelieu. As an architect, Desargues planned several private and public buildings in Paris and Lyon. As an engineer, he designed a system for raising water that he installed near Paris. It was based on the use of the epicycloidal wheel, the principle of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physics (Aristotle)
The ''Physics'' (Ancient Greek, Greek: Φυσικὴ ἀκρόασις ''Phusike akroasis''; Latin: ''Physica'', or ''Naturales Auscultationes'', possibly meaning "Natural philosophy, lectures on nature") is a named text, written in ancient Greek, collated from a collection of surviving manuscripts known as the Corpus Aristotelicum, attributed to the 4th-century BC philosopher Aristotle. The meaning of physics in Aristotle It is a collection of treatises or lessons that deals with the most general (philosophical) principles of natural or moving things, both living and non-living, rather than physical theories (in the modern sense) or investigations of the particular contents of the universe. The chief purpose of the work is to discover the principles and causes of (and not merely to describe) change, or movement, or motion (κίνησις ''kinesis''), especially that of natural wholes (mostly living things, but also inanimate wholes like the cosmos). In the conventional An ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Coimbra
The University of Coimbra (UC; pt, Universidade de Coimbra, ) is a Public university, public research university in Coimbra, Portugal. First established in Lisbon in 1290, it went through a number of relocations until moving permanently to Coimbra in 1537. The university is among the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, oldest universities in continuous operation in the world, the oldest in Portugal, and played an influential role in the development of higher education in the Lusophone, Portuguese-speaking world. In 2013, UNESCO declared the university a World Heritage Site, noting its architecture, unique culture and traditions, and historical role. The contemporary university is organized into eight faculty (division), faculties, granting bachelor's (''licenciado''), master's (''mestre'') and doctorate (''doutor'') degrees in nearly all major fields. It lends its name to the Coimbra Group of European research universities founded in 1985, of which it was a fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jesuits
The Society of Jesus ( la, Societas Iesu; abbreviation: SJ), also known as the Jesuits (; la, Iesuitæ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions, with the approval of Pope Paul III. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations. Jesuits work in education, research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social and humanitarian ministries, and promote Ecumenism, ecumenical dialogue. The Society of Jesus is consecrated under the patron saint, patronage of Madonna della Strada, a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and it is led by a Superior General of the Society of Jesus, Superior General. The headquarters of the society, its Curia, General Curia, is in Rome. The historic curia of Ignatius is now part of the attached to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristotle
Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theatre, music, rhetoric, psychology, linguistics, economics, politics, meteorology, geology, and government. Aristotle provided a complex synthesis of the various philosophies existing prior to him. It was above all from his teachings that the West inherited its intellectual lexicon, as well as problems and methods of inquiry. As a result, his philosophy has exerted a unique influence on almost every form of knowledge in the West and it continues to be a subject of contemporary philosophical discussion. Little is known about his life. Aristotle was born in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
