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1587 In Science
{{Science year nav, 1587 The year 1587 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. Exploration * c. March – An edition of Peter Martyr d'Anghiera's ''De Orbe Novo'' ("On the New World", 1530) edited by Richard Hakluyt is published in Paris with a new map of the Americas. Mathematics * Franciscus Patricius publishes ''Della nuova geometria'' in Ferrara. Births * January 5 – Xu Xiake, Chinese explorer and geographer (died 1641) * January 8 – Johannes Fabricius, Frisian astronomer (died 1616) * October 22 – Joachim Jungius, German mathematician, logician and philosopher of science (died 1657) * Song Yingxing, Chinese encyclopedist (died 1666) Deaths * January 28 – Francisco Hernández de Toledo, Spanish physician and botanist (born 1514) * Possible date – Humphrey Baker, English arithmetician Arithmetic () is an elementary part of mathematics that consists of the study of the properties of the traditional operations on numbers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logician
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the science of deductively valid inferences or of logical truths. It is a formal science investigating how conclusions follow from premises in a topic-neutral way. When used as a countable noun, the term "a logic" refers to a logical formal system that articulates a proof system. Formal logic contrasts with informal logic, which is associated with informal fallacies, critical thinking, and argumentation theory. While there is no general agreement on how formal and informal logic are to be distinguished, one prominent approach associates their difference with whether the studied arguments are expressed in formal or informal languages. Logic plays a central role in multiple fields, such as philosophy, mathematics, computer science, and linguistics. Logic studies arguments, which consist of a set of premises together with a conclusion. Premises and conclusions are usually und ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1587 In Science
{{Science year nav, 1587 The year 1587 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. Exploration * c. March – An edition of Peter Martyr d'Anghiera's ''De Orbe Novo'' ("On the New World", 1530) edited by Richard Hakluyt is published in Paris with a new map of the Americas. Mathematics * Franciscus Patricius publishes ''Della nuova geometria'' in Ferrara. Births * January 5 – Xu Xiake, Chinese explorer and geographer (died 1641) * January 8 – Johannes Fabricius, Frisian astronomer (died 1616) * October 22 – Joachim Jungius, German mathematician, logician and philosopher of science (died 1657) * Song Yingxing, Chinese encyclopedist (died 1666) Deaths * January 28 – Francisco Hernández de Toledo, Spanish physician and botanist (born 1514) * Possible date – Humphrey Baker, English arithmetician Arithmetic () is an elementary part of mathematics that consists of the study of the properties of the traditional operations on numbers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arithmetician
Arithmetic () is an elementary part of mathematics that consists of the study of the properties of the traditional operations on numbers— addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and extraction of roots. In the 19th century, Italian mathematician Giuseppe Peano formalized arithmetic with his Peano axioms, which are highly important to the field of mathematical logic today. History The prehistory of arithmetic is limited to a small number of artifacts, which may indicate the conception of addition and subtraction, the best-known being the Ishango bone from central Africa, dating from somewhere between 20,000 and 18,000 BC, although its interpretation is disputed. The earliest written records indicate the Egyptians and Babylonians used all the elementary arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as early as 2000 BC. These artifacts do not always reveal the specific process used for solving problems, but t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English People
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language in England, English language, a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language, and share a common history and culture. The English identity is of History of Anglo-Saxon England, Anglo-Saxon origin, when they were known in Old English as the ('race or tribe of the Angles'). Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD. The English largely descend from two main historical population groups the West Germanic tribes (the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians) who settled in southern Britain following the withdrawal of the Ancient Rome, Romans, and the Romano-British culture, partially Romanised Celtic Britons already living there.Martiniano, R., Caffell, A., Holst, M. et al. Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons. Nat Commun 7, 10326 (2016). https://doi.org/10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humphrey Baker
Humphrey Baker (fl. 1562–1587), was an English writer on arithmetic and astrology. Biography Baker was a Londoner. In 1562 he published ''The Wellspring of Sciences,'' an introductory arithmetic textbook which was second in popularity only to Robert Recorde's '' The Grounde of Artes'' during the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Both were eventually supplanted by Edward Cocker's ''Cocker's Arithmetick'' at the turn of the eighteenth century. Baker was an enthusiast for his science. In the dedication of his edition of 1574 "to the Governor, Consuls, Asistentes, &c. of the Company of Merchentes Adventurers," he excuses himself for not entering fully into the merits of arithmetic, on the ground that 'where good wine is to sell, there neede no garlande be hāged out.' He nevertheless proceeds to state that it is well known 'that the skil hereof immediately flowed from the wisdome of God into the harte of man, whome he coulde not conceave to remayne in the most secrete misteri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1514 In Science
The year 1514 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. Events * June 13 – ''Henry Grace à Dieu'', at over 1,000 tons the largest warship in the world at this time, built at the new Woolwich Dockyard in England, is dedicated. * The following are established at the Cortile del Belvedere in the Apostolic Palace in Rome under the patronage of Pope Leo X: ** Leonardo da Vinci, who concentrates on scientific research. ** Hanno, a white Asian elephant, a gift from King Manuel I of Portugal, which is drawn by Raphael. * Johannes Werner publishes his translation of Ptolemy's ''Geography'', ''Nova Translatio Primi Libri Geographicae Cl. Ptolomaei'', containing the Werner map projection and proposing use of the cross-staff for marine navigation. Births * February 16 – Georg Joachim Rheticus, cartographer and scientific instrument maker (died 1574) * December 31 – Vesalius, Flemish anatomist "the father of modern anatomy" (died 1564) * Francisco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botanist
Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek word (''botanē'') meaning "pasture", " herbs" "grass", or " fodder"; is in turn derived from (), "to feed" or "to graze". Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively, with the study of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress. Nowadays, botanists (in the strict sense) study approximately 410,000 species of land plants of which some 391,000 species are vascular plants (including approximately 369,000 species of flowering plants), and approximately 20,000 are bryophytes. Botany originated in prehistory as herbalism with the efforts of early humans to identify – and later cultivate – edible, med ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physician
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of patients, and methods of treatment—known as specialities—or they may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and communities—known as general practice. Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the academic disciplines, such as anatomy and physiology, underlying diseases and their treatment—the ''science'' of medicine—and also a decent competence in its applied practice—the art or ''craft'' of medicine. Both the role of the physician and the meaning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spaniards
Spaniards, or Spanish people, are a Romance peoples, Romance ethnic group native to Spain. Within Spain, there are a number of National and regional identity in Spain, national and regional ethnic identities that reflect the country's complex History of Spain, history, including a number of different languages, both indigenous and local linguistic descendants of the Roman Empire, Roman-imposed Latin language, of which Spanish language, Spanish is the largest and the only one that is official throughout the whole country. Commonly spoken regional languages include, most notably, the sole surviving indigenous language of Iberia, Basque language, Basque, as well as other Latin-descended Romance languages like Spanish itself, Catalan language, Catalan and Galician language, Galician. Many populations outside Spain have ancestors who Spanish diaspora, emigrated from Spain and share elements of a Hispanic culture. The most notable of these comprise Hispanic America in the Western Hemisp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco Hernández De Toledo
Francisco Hernández de Toledo (1514 in La Puebla de Montalbán, Toledo – 28 January 1587 in Madrid) was a naturalist and court physician to the King of Spain. Hernández was among the first wave of Spanish Renaissance physicians practicing according to the revived principles formulated by Hippocrates, Galen and Avicenna. Hernández studied medicine and botany at the University of Alcalá and may have traveled between cities in Spain, as it was common among physicians seeking to make a name for themselves. Moving from Seville with his wife and children, Hernández served briefly in the Hospital y Monasterio de Guadalupe and then at the Hospital Mendoza in Toledo, where he gained prominence for his studies of medicinal botany and publication of a Castilian translation of a work on natural history by Pliny the Elder. In 1567 Hernández became a personal physician to King Philip II. Scientific expedition to the New World In 1570, Hernández was ordered to embark on the first sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1666 In Science
The year 1666 in science and technology involved some significant events. Events * December 22 – French Academy of Sciences first meets. Astronomy * Publication of Stanisław Lubieniecki's ''Theatrum Cometicum'' begins in Amsterdam, the first encyclopedia and atlas of comets. Botany * Establishment of Herrenhäuser Gärten#The Berggarten, Herrenhäuser Gärten, Hanover. Mathematics * Isaac Newton develops differential calculus. * Samuel Morland produces several designs of pocket calculating machine and also publishes ''A New Method of Cryptography''. Physics * Isaac Newton uses a prism to split sunlight into the component colours of the optical spectrum, assisting understanding of the nature of light. * Robert Hooke and Giovanni Alfonso Borelli both expound gravitation as an attractive force (Hooke's lecture "On gravity" at the Royal Society of London on March 21; Borelli's ''Theoricae Mediceorum planetarum ex causis physicis deductae'', published in Florence later in the ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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