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1575 In Science
The year 1575 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Astronomy * Cornelius Gemma is credited with publishing the first scientific illustration of the aurora, in his discussion of the 1572 supernova. Geology * December 16 – Valdivia earthquake in Chile. Mathematics * Guilielmus Xylander uses parallel vertical lines to indicate equality. Medicine * First publication of Ambroise Paré's collected works, ''Les oeuvres de M. Ambroise Paré'', in Paris, including some of the earliest descriptions of forensic medicine. Publications * Cornelius Gemma publishes in Antwerp. Deaths * Tomás de Mercado, Spanish economist and theologian (born 1525) * Costanzo Varolio, Italian anatomist and a papal physician to Gregory XIII (born 1543 __NOTOC__ Year 1543 ( MDXLIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. It is one of the years sometimes referred to as an "Annus mirabilis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forensic Medicine
Forensic medicine is a broad term used to describe a group of medical specialties which deal with the examination and diagnosis of individuals who have been injured by or who have died because of external or unnatural causes such as poisoning, assault, suicide and other forms of violence, and apply findings to law (i.e. court cases). Forensic medicine is a multi-disciplinary branch which includes the practice of forensic pathology, forensic psychiatry, forensic dentistry, forensic radiology and forensic toxicology Forensic toxicology is the use of toxicology and disciplines such as analytical chemistry, pharmacology and clinical chemistry to aid medical or legal investigation of death, poisoning, and drug use. The primary concern for forensic toxicology is .... There are two main categories of forensic medicine; Clinical forensic medicine; Pathological forensics medicine, with the differing factor being the condition of the patients. In clinical forensic medicine it is the invest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1575 In Science
The year 1575 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Astronomy * Cornelius Gemma is credited with publishing the first scientific illustration of the aurora, in his discussion of the 1572 supernova. Geology * December 16 – Valdivia earthquake in Chile. Mathematics * Guilielmus Xylander uses parallel vertical lines to indicate equality. Medicine * First publication of Ambroise Paré's collected works, ''Les oeuvres de M. Ambroise Paré'', in Paris, including some of the earliest descriptions of forensic medicine. Publications * Cornelius Gemma publishes in Antwerp. Deaths * Tomás de Mercado, Spanish economist and theologian (born 1525) * Costanzo Varolio, Italian anatomist and a papal physician to Gregory XIII (born 1543 __NOTOC__ Year 1543 ( MDXLIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. It is one of the years sometimes referred to as an "Annus mirabilis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1543 In Science
The year 1543 in science and technology includes the 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus publication ''De revolutionibus orbium coelestium'' (''On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres'') often cited as the beginning of the Scientific Revolution,Juan Valdez, The Snow Cone Diaries: A Philosopher's Guide to the Information Age, p 367. and also includes many other events, some of which are listed here. Astronomy * Nicolaus Copernicus publishes ''De revolutionibus orbium coelestium'' (''On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres'') in Nuremberg, offering entirely abstract mathematical arguments for the existence of the heliocentric universe. It is often cited as the beginning of the Scientific Revolution. Mathematics * Robert Recorde publishes '' The Grounde of Artes, teaching the Worke and Practise of Arithmeticke, both in whole numbers and fractions'', one of the first printed elementary arithmetic textbooks in English and the first to cover algebra. It will go through around forty-five e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregory XIII
Pope Gregory XIII ( la, Gregorius XIII; it, Gregorio XIII; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 May 1572 to his death in April 1585. He is best known for commissioning and being the namesake for the Gregorian calendar, which remains the internationally accepted civil calendar to this day. Early biography Youth Ugo Boncompagni was born the son of Boncompagni, Cristoforo Boncompagni (10 July 1470 – 1546) and of his wife Angela Marescalchi in Bologna, where he studied law and graduated in 1530. He later taught jurisprudence for some years, and his students included notable figures such as Cardinals Alessandro Farnese (cardinal), Alexander Farnese, Reginald Pole and Charles Borromeo. He had an illegitimate son after an affair with Maddalena Fulchini, Giacomo Boncompagni, but before he took holy orders, making him the last Pope to have left issue. Career before papacy At the age of 36 he wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Costanzo Varolio
Costanzo Varolio, Latinized as Constantius Varolius (1543–1575), was an Italian anatomist and a papal physician to Gregory XIII. Varolio was born in Bologna. He was a pupil of the anatomist Giulio Cesare Aranzio, himself a pupil of Vesalius. He received his doctorate in medicine in 1567. In 1569 the Senate of the University of Bologna created an extraordinary chair in surgery for him with responsibility to teach anatomy as well and where a statue of him is housed at the Anatomical Theatre of the Archiginnasio. Later he is believed to have taught at the Sapienza University of Rome although he is not listed on the roll there. Nevertheless, he is known to have had considerable success in Rome both as a physician and as a surgeon and his memorial plaque in that city refers to his great skill in removing stones. He died in Rome. He is best remembered for his work on the cranial nerves. He was the first to examine the brain from its base upwards, in contrast with previous dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1525 In Science
The year 1525 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. Events * Albrecht Dürer's book on geometry and perspective, ''The Painter's Manual'' (more literally, the ''Instructions on Measurement'') is published at Nuremberg. It is the first book for adults to be published on mathematics in German. * First publication of Galen's ''Of the method of curing diseases'' in the original Greek, by the Aldine Press in Venice. * First publication of the collected works of Hippocrates translated into Latin, in Rome. * Christoff Rudolff's introduces the modern radical symbol (for square root), √ (without the vinculum above the radicand). * Publication of Richard Banckes' ''Herball'', the first true herbal printed in Britain. * First woodcut map of France, produced by Oronce Finé. * ''approx. date'' – Paracelsus discovers the analgesic properties of diethyl ether. Births * September 25 – Steven Borough, English explorer (died 1584) * December ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomás De Mercado
Tomás de Mercado (1525–1575) was a Spanish Dominican friar and both an economist and a theologian, best known for his book ''Summa de Tratos y Contratos'' ("Manual of Deals and Contracts") of 1571. Together with Martín de Azpilcueta he founded the economic tradition of "Iberian monetarism"; both form part of the general intellectual tradition often known as "Late Scholasticism", or the School of Salamanca. He was either born in Seville or possibly Mexico, where he joined the Dominicans as a young man, becoming lecturer in Arts in the Priory in Mexico City, before returning to study at Salamanca University, where he then became a lecturer in philosophy, moral theology and law. He then worked in the Exchange House of Seville, the centre of Spain's international money-flows. He died at sea on a voyage returning to Mexico. Mercado became more widely known outside the Spanish-speaking world after he was discussed by Joseph Schumpeter in his ''History of Economic Analysis'', p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antwerp
Antwerp (; nl, Antwerpen ; french: Anvers ; es, Amberes) is the largest city in Belgium by area at and the capital of Antwerp Province in the Flemish Region. With a population of 520,504,Statistics Belgium; ''Loop van de bevolking per gemeente'' (Excel file) Population of all municipalities in Belgium, . Retrieved 1 November 2017. it is the most populous municipality in Belgium, and with a metropolitan population of around 1,200,000 people, it is the second-largest metrop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economist Intelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Technology
Technology is the application of knowledge to reach practical goals in a specifiable and reproducible way. The word ''technology'' may also mean the product of such an endeavor. The use of technology is widely prevalent in medicine, science, industry, communication, transportation, and daily life. Technologies include physical objects like utensils or machines and intangible tools such as software. Many technological advancements have led to societal changes. The earliest known technology is the stone tool, used in the prehistoric era, followed by fire use, which contributed to the growth of the human brain and the development of language in the Ice Age. The invention of the wheel in the Bronze Age enabled wider travel and the creation of more complex machines. Recent technological developments, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet have lowered communication barriers and ushered in the knowledge economy. While technology contributes to econom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambroise Paré
Ambroise Paré (c. 1510 – 20 December 1590) was a French barber surgeon who served in that role for kings Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III. He is considered one of the fathers of surgery and modern forensic pathology and a pioneer in surgical techniques and battlefield medicine, especially in the treatment of wounds. He was also an anatomist, invented several surgical instruments, and was a member of the Parisian barber surgeon guild. In his personal notes about the care he delivered to Captain Rat, in the Piémont campaign (1537–1538), Paré wrote: ''Je le pansai, Dieu le guérit'' ("I bandaged him and God healed him"). This epitomises a philosophy that he used throughout his career. These words, inscribed on his statue in Laval, are reminiscent of the Latin adage '' medicus curat, natura sanat''. Early life Paré was born in 1510 in Bourg-Hersent, near Laval, then part of the province of Maine, in northwestern France. As a child he watched, and was fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
