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14th Iranian Majlis
14th Iranian Majlis was commenced on 6 March 1944 and ended on 12 March 1946. In a national history of factionalism, it was the assembly of intense factionalism. As many as seven rival groups labelled '' fraktions'' -a term borrowed from the German parliament- in constantly competing with each other, wasted one quarter of the session in obstructionism, and brought persistent instability on the governmental level: during these 24 months, there were seven changes of premiers Premier is a title for the head of government in central governments, state governments and local governments of some countries. A second in command to a premier is designated as a deputy premier. A premier will normally be a head of governm ..., nine changes of cabinets, and 110 changes of ministers. The 14th Parliament sat during one of the rare periods in which there was some degree of freedom for political expression. Fraction members References {{Iranian Majlis 14th term of the Iranian Majlis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial State Of Iran
Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imperial, Nebraska * Imperial, Pennsylvania * Imperial, Texas * Imperial, West Virginia * Imperial, Virginia * Imperial County, California * Imperial Valley, California * Imperial Beach, California Elsewhere * Imperial (Madrid), an administrative neighborhood in Spain * Imperial, Saskatchewan, a town in Canada Buildings * Imperial Apartments, a building in Brooklyn, New York * Imperial City, Huế, a palace in Huế, Vietnam * Imperial Palace (other) * Imperial Towers, a group of lighthouses on Lake Huron, Canada * The Imperial (Mumbai), a skyscraper apartment complex in India Animals and plants * ''Cheritra'' or imperial, a genus of butterfly Architecture, design, and fashion * Imperial, a luggage case for the top of a coach * Imperial, the top, roof or second-storey compartmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliamentary Group
A parliamentary group, parliamentary party, or parliamentary caucus is a group consisting of some members of the same political party or electoral fusion of parties in a legislative assembly such as a parliament or a city council. Parliamentary groups may elect a parliamentary leader; such leaders are often important political players. Parliamentary groups often use party discipline to control the votes of their members. Some parliamentary systems allow smaller political parties, who are not numerous enough to form parliamentary groups in their own names, to join with other parties of differing ideologies (or with independent politicians) in order to benefit from rights or privileges that are only accorded to formally recognised groups. Such groups are termed technical groups. A ''parliamentary group'' in Swiss Federal Assembly is a political group with members from multiple parties. International terms Parliamentary groups correspond to " caucuses" in the United States Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fereydoun Keshavarz
Fereydoun Keshavarz ( fa, فریدون کشاورز; 1907–2006) was an Iranian physician and communist politician. Early life and education The son of a merchant from Gilan who had taken part in the Persian Constitutional Revolution, Keshavarz studied in '' Dar ul-Funun'' before going to study medicine in France. He taught at University of Tehran after he returned to Iran. Career Keshavarz entered politics in 1941, and joined Tudeh Party of Iran three months after its creation. A leading member of the party, he was elected to its first central committee and served as the party's parliamentary spokesperson. In the summer of 1946 he was named a minister in Qavam's coalition cabinet. He broke away from the party in 1958, because he came to believe that "Tudeh's policy is a betrayal of the working class The working class (or labouring class) comprises those engaged in manual-labour occupations or industrial work, who are remunerated via waged or salaried contracts. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tudeh Fraction
The Tudeh fraction ( fa, فراکسیون توده) was the parliamentary group of the Tudeh Party in the Iranian Parliament. The group was known for its robust discipline, and its ability to dominate debates in the parliament. During the 14th Iranian Majlis, the party formed a left-center Center or centre may refer to: Mathematics *Center (geometry), the middle of an object * Center (algebra), used in various contexts ** Center (group theory) ** Center (ring theory) * Graph center, the set of all vertices of minimum eccentrici ... coalition with deputies (mostly from northern provinces) who sympathized with its policies, gaining a voting strength of about 30. Historical membership References Iranian Parliament fractions 1944 establishments in Iran Affiliated organizations of the Tudeh Party of Iran * {{Iran-party-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Vali Mirza Farman Farmaian
Mohammad Vali Mirza (1890–1988) was the third son of Persian Qajar nobleman Abdol Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma and his wife Princess Ezzat-Dowleh. Life Since his youth, Mohammad Vali had spent a great deal of time in Iranian Azerbaijan, where he owned considerable estates. Consequently, even in language, he preferred Azerbaijani to the nationally dominant Persian. His roots to Iranian Azerbaijan were revealed when at the age of 26, he earned a prominent position in the Majles (Iranian parliament) as the representative of Tabriz. Working through the Majles, he invited American advisors to help reform the military, rural security system, gendarmerie, and public financial sector. Many advisors came including Colonel Norman Schwarzkopf and Dr Arthur Millspaugh who had previously been an advisor to Iran in the 1920s. Throughout his life, Mohammad Vali built a reputation for being a fair person and an excellent mediator. When his father and brothers were imprisoned during the 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Dashti
Ali Dashti ( fa, علی دشتی, pronounced ; 31 March 1897 – January 16, 1982) was an Iranian rationalist of the twentieth century. Dashti was also an Iranian senator. Life Born into a Persian family in Dashti in Bushehr Province, Iran on 31 March 1897. Ali Dashti received a traditional religious education. He studied Islamic theology, history, Arabic and Persian grammar, and classical literature in madrasas in Karbala and Najaf (both in Iraq). He returned to Iran in 1918 and lived in Shiraz, Isfahan, and finally in Tehran, where he became involved in politics of the day. Rather than becoming a scholar, he became a journalist and published a newspaper (Shafaq-e Sorkh) in Tehran from 1922 to 1935. He was a member of Majlis at various times between 1928 and 1946. His criticism of allowing the Tudeh party into the cabinet and concessions to the Soviets landed him in prison in 1946. He was appointed a Senator in 1954 until the Islamic revolution in 1979. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Mossadegh
Mohammad Mosaddegh ( fa, محمد مصدق, ; 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician, author, and lawyer who served as the 35th Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953, after appointment by the 1950 Iranian legislative election, 16th Majlis. He was a member of the Majlis of Iran, Iranian parliament from 1923 Persian legislative election, 1923, and served through a contentious 1952 Iranian legislative election, 1952 election into the 17th Iranian Majlis, until his government was overthrown in the 1953 Iranian coup d'état aided by the intelligence agencies of the United Kingdom (MI6) and the United States (Central Intelligence Agency, CIA), led by Kermit Roosevelt Jr. His National Front (Iran), National Front was suppressed from the 1954 Iranian general election, 1954 election. Before its removal from power, his administration introduced a range of social and political measures such as social security, land reforms and higher taxes including the introduction of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Union Party (Iran)
National Union Party ( fa, حزب اتحاد ملی, Ḥezb-e Ettehād-e Mellī) was a royalist party in Iran, established as an offshoot of the fraction of the same name in the Iranian Parliament. The party advocated supporting the Shah and pursuing social conservative programs, while seeking American aid, especially military aid to counterbalance the influence of Britain and Soviet Union. With a conservative background, the party spoke on advantages of socialism and renamed itself to ''People's Party'' in August 1944 to challenge Tudeh Party of Iran The Tudeh Party of Iran ( fa-at, حزب تودۀ ایران, Ḥezb-e Tūde-ye Īrān, lit=Party of the Masses of Iran) is an Iranian communist party. Formed in 1941, with Soleiman Mirza Eskandari as its head, it had considerable influence in i .... References 1944 establishments in Iran Anti-communist parties Centrist parties in Iran Conservative parties in Iran Defunct conservative parties Defunct socialist parties in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Eastern Studies (journal)
''Middle Eastern Studies'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal of Middle-Eastern studies. It was established in 1964 by Elie Kedourie, who served as editor-in-chief from 1964–1992, and is published by Taylor & Francis. From 1992–2016, the journal was edited by Sylvia Kedourie. It is now co-edited by Saul Kelly and Helen Kedourie. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2016 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as ... of 0.443. References External links * {{Authority control Area studies journals Bimonthly journals Taylor & Francis academic journals Publications established in 1964 English-language journals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obstructionism
Obstructionism is the practice of deliberately delaying or preventing a process or change, especially in politics. As workplace aggression An obstructionist causes problems. Neuman and Baron (1998) identify obstructionism as one of the three dimensions that encompass the range of workplace aggression. In this context, obstructionism is "behaviors intended to hinder an employee from performing their job or the organization from accomplishing its objectives". In politics Obstructionism or policy of obstruction denotes the deliberate interference with the progress of a legislation by various means such as filibustering or slow walking which may depend on the respective parliamentary procedures. As political strategy Obstructionism can also take the form of widespread agreement to oppose policies from the other side of a political debate or dispute. Mass media In September 2010, Jon Stewart of ''The Daily Show'' announced the Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear, an event dedic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Parliament
The Bundestag (, "Federal Diet") is the German federal parliament. It is the only federal representative body that is directly elected by the German people. It is comparable to the United States House of Representatives or the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The Bundestag was established by Title III of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (, ) in 1949 as one of the legislative bodies of Germany and thus it is the historical successor to the earlier Reichstag. The members of the Bundestag are representatives of the German people as a whole, are not bound by any orders or instructions and are only accountable to their electorate. The minimum legal number of members of the Bundestag (german: link=no, Mitglieder des Bundestages) is 598; however, due to the system of overhang and leveling seats the current 20th Bundestag has a total of 736 members, making it the largest Bundestag to date and the largest freely elected national parliamentary chamber in the w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
