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13.2×99mm Hotchkiss Long
The 13.2 × 99 mm Hotchkiss Long (also known as: 13.2 Mle. 1930, 13.2 Breda, 13.2 Japanese, etc), is a heavy machine gun Cartridge (firearms), cartridge developed by France during the interwar period for the Hotchkiss 13.2 mm machine gun. It saw major use as a heavy machine gun cartridge from the 1930s throughout WWII by a variety of nations due to the export success of the 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun, but was eventually superseded in popularity by the 12.7 × 99 mm Browning (.50 BMG) after the war and eventually disappeared once the Browning cartridge became NATO standard. History The 13.2 × 99 mm Hotchkiss cartridge was developed in 1925 by the company Hotchkiss et Cie and the French Society of Ammunition "Société Française des Munitions" (SFM) as part of a longer development period to produce a modern heavy machine gun cartridge for the in-development 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun. By 1926 the new weapon entered production and quickly gained popularity. By ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Full Metal Jacket (ammunition)
A full metal jacket (FMJ) bullet is a small-arms projectile consisting of a soft core (often lead) encased in an outer shell ("jacket") of harder metal, such as gilding metal, cupronickel, or, less commonly, a steel alloy. A bullet jacket usually allows higher muzzle velocities than bare lead without depositing significant amounts of metal in the bore. It also prevents damage to bores from hard steel or armor-piercing core materials. History The bullet was invented in 1882 by Swiss Colonel Eduard Rubin while he was working for the Swiss Federal Ammunition Factory and Research Center, which developed ammunition for the Swiss military. The use of full metal jacketing in military ammunition came about in part because of the need for improved feeding characteristics in small arms that used internal mechanical manipulation of the cartridge in order to chamber rounds as opposed to externally hand-reloading single-shot firearms. The harder metal used in bullet jackets was less pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Cartridges
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military may f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pistol And Rifle Cartridges
A pistol is a handgun, more specifically one with the chamber integral to its gun barrel, though in common usage the two terms are often used interchangeably. The English word was introduced in , when early handguns were produced in Europe, and is derived from the Middle French ''pistolet'' (), meaning a small gun or knife. In colloquial usage, the word "pistol" is often used to describe any type of handgun, inclusive of revolvers (which have a single barrel and a separate cylinder housing multiple chambers) and the pocket-sized derringers (which are often multi-barrelled). The most common type of pistol used in the contemporary era is the semi-automatic pistol, while the older single-shot and lever action, manual repeating pistols are now rarely seen and used primarily for nostalgic hunting and historical reenactment, and the fully automatic machine pistols are uncommon in civilian usage due to generally poor recoil-controllability and strict gun laws, laws and regulations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitrailleuse D'Avion Browning - F
A mitrailleuse (; from French ''mitraille'', " grapeshot") is a type of volley gun with barrels of rifle calibre that can fire either all rounds at once or in rapid succession. The earliest true mitrailleuse was invented in 1851 by Belgian Army captain Fafschamps, ten years before the advent of the Gatling gun. It was followed by the Belgian Montigny mitrailleuse in 1863. Then the French 25 barrel "''Canon à Balles''", better known as the Reffye ''mitrailleuse'', was adopted in great secrecy in 1866. It became the first rapid-firing weapon deployed as standard equipment by any army in a major conflict when it was used during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71. A steel block containing twenty-five 13 mm (.51 calibre) centre-fire cartridges was locked against the breech before firing. With the rotation of a crank, the 25 rounds were discharged in rapid succession. The sustainable firing rate of the Reffye mitrailleuse was 100 rounds per minute and its maximum range was ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type 3 Aircraft Machine Gun
Type 3 (三式, San-Shiki) was a Japanese Navy aircraft machine gun used during World War II. It was based on the American M2 Browning machine gun but used the 13.2x99mm Hotchkiss cartridge. History The Type 3 was a copy of the M2 Browning and had very similar ammunition to that of the 13.2 mm Hotchkiss M1929 machine gun. Despite the small difference in calibers, it was possible to use M2 Browning tapes in the Japanese machine gun, which apparently took place during World War II. The machine gun was produced from 1943 to 1945. It came in flexible and fixed versions which differed slightly in construction details. The flexible version featured a longer barrel. The fixed version was used on later models of the Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighterRené J. Francillon: Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. s. 531. and prototypes of the Kawanishi N1K Shiden Kai.A. G. Williams: Rapid Fire. s. 172. In the mobile version, Type 3 was partially replaced by the end of World War II by the Typ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13,2 Mm Automatkanon M/39
Browning Aircraft Machine Gun - F.N. Caliber 13.2 mm (french: Mitrailleuse d'Avion Browning - F.N. Calibre 13,2 mm), more commonly known as the ''13.2 mm FN Browning'', but also ''13.2 mm Browning-F.N.'', ''F.N. Caliber 13.2 mm'', ''FN Browning M.1939'' and the like, was a caliber, shell-firing, heavy machine gun for aircraft use, designed by Fabrique Nationale (F.N.) in Herstal, Belgium, as a private export venture during the final years prior to World War II. Even though it gained great interest during its limited time on the export market, it only managed to be exported to the air forces of Romania and Sweden prior to the German invasion of Belgium in 1940, later also being pirate produced in Finland with the help from Sweden. Development and description The 13.2 mm FN Browning was developed by FN as an improved version of the Browning air-cooled MG53 aircraft machine gun. Improvements to the original design included: making the weapon li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stockholm
Stockholm () is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, largest city of Sweden as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in Scandinavia. Approximately 980,000 people live in the Stockholm Municipality, municipality, with 1.6 million in the Stockholm urban area, urban area, and 2.4 million in the Metropolitan Stockholm, metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Mälaren, Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea. Outside the city to the east, and along the coast, is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the county seat of Stockholm County. For several hundred years, Stockholm was the capital of Finland as well (), which then was a part of Sweden. The population of the municipality of Stockholm is expected to reach o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hotchkiss M1929 Machine Gun
The 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun model 1929, often simplified to Hotchkiss M1929 machine gun, and the like, was a heavy machine gun designed and manufactured by Hotchkiss et Cie from the late 1920s until World War II which saw service with various nations' forces, including Italy and Japan where the gun was built under license. Development In the late 1920s, Hotchkiss proposed a range of anti-aircraft automatic weapons in the 13.2, 25 and 37 mm calibers. They were all based on the same type of Gas-operated reloading, gas-operated action, similar to the one used in the 8 mm Hotchkiss Mle 1914 machine gun, which had proven extremely reliable during World War I and was still in service. This led to the production of the 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun model 1929, often called the Hotchkiss M1929. Performance The Hotchkiss M1929 machine gun had a Rate of fire#Cyclic rate, cyclic rate of fire of 450 rounds per minute, but their practical sustained rate of fire wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High-explosive Incendiary
In warfare, high-explosive incendiary (HEI) is a type of ammunition specially designed to impart energy and therefore damage to its target in one or both of two ways: via a high-explosive charge and/or via its incendiary (fire-causing) effects. Each round has both capabilities. HEI ammunition is fused either mechanically or chemically. The armor-piercing ability can vary widely, allowing for more focused fragmentation or larger scatter. History HEI ammunition was originally developed for use in large-caliber cannon, howitzer and naval artillery. Currently, HEI rounds are most commonly made in medium-caliber sizes of 20, 25, and 30 mm. They are fired from various platforms, including aircraft, anti-aircraft cannons, and anti-missile systems, as well as common battlefield howitzers, though the latter has gone through a recent decline in use. HEI ammunition has also been used on the battlefield against tanks and other armoured vehicles, but this has become impractical due to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High-explosive Fragmentation
A shell, in a military context, is a projectile whose payload contains an explosive, incendiary, or other chemical filling. Originally it was called a bombshell, but "shell" has come to be unambiguous in a military context. Modern usage sometimes includes large solid kinetic projectiles that is properly termed shot. Solid shot may contain a pyrotechnic compound if a tracer or spotting charge is used. All explosive- and incendiary-filled projectiles, particularly for mortars, were originally called ''grenades'', derived from the French word for pomegranate, so called because of the similarity of shape and that the multi-seeded fruit resembles the powder-filled, fragmentizing bomb. Words cognate with ''grenade'' are still used for an artillery or mortar projectile in some European languages. Shells are usually large-caliber projectiles fired by artillery, armored fighting vehicles (e.g. tanks, assault guns, and mortar carriers), warships, and autocannons. The shape is usu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
