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1994 Brazilian General Election
General elections were held in Brazil on October 3, 1994, the second to take place under the provisions of the 1988 constitution and the second direct presidential election since 1960. Elected in 1989, President Fernando Collor of the centre-right National Reconstruction Party (PRN) had resigned in the face of an impeachment trial, resulting in Vice President Itamar Franco succeeding him. Facing a fiscal crisis Franco's government launched the Plano Real ("Real Plan") to stabilize the national economy. The architect of the policy, Minister of Finance Fernando Henrique Cardoso,Almanaque Abril, 28ª ed, 1995SAYAD, João. Observações sobre o Plano Real. Est. Econ. São Paulo. Vol. 25, Nº Especial, págs. 7-24, 1995-6 was chosen by the PSDB to serve as their presidential candidate in Franco's absence. For the position of Vice President, Cardoso selected former presidential Chief of Staff Marco Maciel of the Liberal Front Party (PFL). Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, a former labor lead ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Fernando Henrique Cardoso (; born 18 June 1931), also known by his initials FHC (), is a Brazilian sociologist, professor and politician who served as the 34th president of Brazil from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2002. He was the first Brazilian president to be reelected for a subsequent term. An accomplished scholar of dependency theory noted for his research on slavery and political theory, Cardoso has earned many honors including the Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation (2000) and the Kluge Prize from the US Library of Congress (2012). Cardoso was the 10th president of International Sociological Association (1982–1986). Personal and professional life Cardoso descends from wealthy Portuguese immigrants. Some were politicians during the Empire of Brazil. He is also of black African descent, through a black great-great-grandmother and a mulatto great-grandmother. Cardoso described himself as "slightly mulatto" and allegedly said he has "''a foot in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1987–2003)
The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology. Active parties Former parties See also * Democratic Socialist Party (other) * List of Labour Parties * Party for Social Democracy *Partido Social Democrata (other) * Socialist Party (other) *Socialist International The Socialist International (SI) is a political international or worldwide organisation of political parties which seek to establish democratic socialism Democratic socialism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing political philosophy that su ... * List of social democratic parties Lists of political parties {{SIA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Finance (Brazil)
The Ministry of Economics ( pt, Ministério da Economia, links=yes) was created in 1808 with the title ''Secretaria de Estado dos Negócios do Brasil e da Fazenda''. The ministry is responsible for formulating and implementing the country's economic, fiscal and financial policy under the President's supervision. As of January 1, 2019, Paulo Guedes is the Minister of Economics. See also *List of Ministers of Finance of Brazil This is a list of Ministers of Finance of Brazil. Colonial Brazil and United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves Reign of John VI Empire of Brazil Reign of Pedro I Regency period Reign of Pedro II Republican period First Bra ... Notes and references Brasil Economy Brazil, Economy {{Brazil-gov-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Real
The Brazilian real (pl. '; sign: R$; code: BRL) is the official currency of Brazil. It is subdivided into 100 centavos. The Central Bank of Brazil is the central bank and the issuing authority. The real replaced the cruzeiro real in 1994. As of April 2019, the real was the twentieth most traded currency. History Currencies in use before the current real include: * The '' Portuguese real'' from the 16th to 18th centuries, with 1,000 ''réis'' called the '' milréis''. * The '' old Brazilian real'' from 1747 to 1942, with 1,000 ''réis'' also called the '' milréis''. * The '' first cruzeiro'' from 1942 to 1967, at 1 cruzeiro = 1 ''milréis'' or 1,000 ''réis''. * The '' cruzeiro novo'' from 1967 to 1970, at 1 cruzeiro novo = 1,000 first cruzeiros. From 1970 it was simply called the '' (second) cruzeiro'' and was used until 1986. * The '' cruzado'' from 1986 to 1989, at 1 cruzado = 1,000 second cruzeiros. * The ''cruzado novo'' from 1989 to 1990, at 1 cruzado novo = 1,000 cruz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plano Real
The Plano Real (" Real Plan",The word ''real'' in Portuguese could be translated either to ''real'' or ''royal'' in English. The name of the plan comes from the name of the currency which was chosen to give the idea of a stable and credible purchasing power. in English) was a set of measures taken to stabilize the Brazilian economy in 1994, during the presidency of Itamar Franco. Its architects were led by the Minister of Finance and succeeding president Fernando Henrique Cardoso. The Plano Real was based on an analysis of the root causes of hyperinflation in the ''New Republic'' of Brazil, that concluded that there was both an issue of fiscal policy and severe, widespread inertial inflation. The Plano Real intended to stabilize the domestic currency in nominal terms after a string of failed plans to control inflation. Background According to economists, one of the causes of inflation in Brazil was the inertial inflation phenomenon. Prices were adjusted on a daily basis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vice President Of Brazil
The Vice President of Brazil ( pt, Vice-Presidente do Brasil), officially the Vice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil (''Vice-Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil''), or simply the ''Vice President of the Republic'' (''Vice-Presidente da República'') is the second-highest ranking government official in the executive branch of the Government of Brazil, preceded only by the President. The Vice President's primary role is to replace the president on the event of their death, resignation, or impeachment, and to temporarily take over the presidential powers and duties while the president is abroad, or otherwise temporarily unable to carry out their duties. The vice president is elected jointly with the President as their running mate. The office has existed since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, although it was only officially instituted as of the 1891 Constitution. It has been in place throughout all of Brazil's republican history, save for the fift ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Reconstruction Party
Act ( pt, Agir), formerly named National Reconstruction Party ( pt, Partido da Reconstrução Nacional; PRN) and Christian Labour Party ( pt, Partido Trabalhista Cristão; PTC), is a political party in Brazil. The party was founded in 1985 as the Youth Party (''Partido da Juventude'', PJ) by Daniel Tourinho, a Brazilian lawyer. In 1989 the party was renamed National Reconstruction Party. Fernando Collor de Mello represented the party in the 1989 Brazilian presidential election, the country's first direct election since the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état, which followed a redemocratization process started in the 1980s. Collor was elected president and took office in 1990. The party carried out a platform of encouraging free trade, opening Brazil's market to imports, privatizing state-run companies, and attempting to reduce Brazil's rampant hyperinflation by way of the Plano Collor (''Collor Plan''), which significantly reduced inflation rates in 1991, but was followed by a renewed an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fernando Collor
Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello (; born 12 August 1949) is a Brazilian politician who served as the 32nd president of Brazil from 1990 to 1992, when he resigned in a failed attempt to stop his impeachment trial by the Brazilian Senate. Collor was the first President democratically elected after the end of the Brazilian military government. He became the youngest president in Brazilian history, taking office at the age of 40. After he resigned from the presidency, the impeachment trial on charges of corruption continued. Collor was found guilty by the Senate and disqualified from holding elected office for eight years (1992–2000). He was later acquitted of ordinary criminal charges in his judicial trial before Brazil's Supreme Federal Court, for lack of valid evidence. Fernando Collor was born into a political family. He is the son of the former Senator and Leda Collor (daughter of former Labour Minister Lindolfo Collor, led by his father, former governor of Alagoas and prop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1989 Brazilian Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Brazil in 1989, with the first round on November 15 and a second round on December 17. They were the first direct presidential elections since 1960, the first to be held using a two-round system and the first to take place under the 1988 constitution, which followed two decades of authoritarian rule after the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état. The collapse of the military junta-imposed two-party system that pitted the right-wing authoritarian National Renewal Alliance (ARENA) against the catch-all Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB) resulted in a wide array of new parties seeking to fill the political vacuum. President José Sarney of the PMDB, the MBD's successor, was ineligible to run. Sarney, who was elected Vice President on Tancredo Neves's ticket in the 1985 elections, had taken office due to Neves's death before his scheduled inauguration. Popular Governor of Alagoas Fernando Collor de Mello resigned from his position to mount a bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1960 Brazilian Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Brazil on 3 October 1960.Dieter Nohlen (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II'', p173 Jânio Quadros of the National Labor Party, helming a coalition of the PTN, the National Democratic Union and the Christian Democratic Party, won a sweeping victory, taking 48.3% of the vote. Voter turnout was 81%.Nohlen, p232 Quadros' victory was the largest in Brazilian history at the time; the 15.6 percent margin of victory would remain a record until Fernando Henrique Cardoso won by 27 points in 1994. When Quadros took office on 31 January 1961, it marked the first time since Brazil had become a republic in 1889 that an incumbent government peacefully transferred power to an elected member of the opposition. It also marked the first time in 31 years that the presidency had not been won by an heir to the legacy of Getúlio Vargas. This would be the last free and direct presidential election held in Brazil until 1989. Results Presid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1988 Brazilian Constitution
The Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil ( pt, Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil) is the supreme law of Brazil. It is the foundation and source of the legal authority underlying the existence of Brazil and the federal government of Brazil. It provides the framework for the organization of the Brazilian government and for the relationship of the federal government to the states, to citizens, and to all people within Brazil. Overview The current Brazilian Constitution is the seventh enacted since the country's independence in 1822, and the sixth since the proclamation of the republic in 1889. It was promulgated on 5 October 1988, after a two-year process in which it was written from scratch. History The current Constitution of Brazil was drafted as a reaction to the period of military dictatorship, and sought to guarantee individual rights and restrict the state's ability to limit freedom, to punish offences and to regulate individual life. Among ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states and the Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world; and the most populous Roman Catholic-majority country. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of . It borders all other countries and territories in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers roughly half of the continent's land area. Its Amazon basin includes a vast tropical forest, ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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