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1982 Amol Uprising
The 1982 Amol uprising was an armed uprising against the government of Iran by the Maoist organisation Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran). Background The Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran) or UIC(S) for short, was a Maoist organisation that adopted people's war as its line of struggle. The Amol County was chosen by UIC(S) as a revolutionary base area. History 1982 was an important year in the history of the UIC(S) and the history of Maoism in Iran in general. In this year the UIC(S) mobilised forces in forests around Amol and launched an armed campaign against the Islamic Republic. It organised an uprising on 25 January 1982, led by Siamak Zaim. The uprising was eventually a failure and many UIC(S) and Maoist leaders were shot. Zaim was arrested by the Revolutionary Guard after they retook Amol by force, and eventually executed in 1984 in spite of a pardon from death granted for helping end the firefight. Aftermath After the failure of the uprising the UIC(S) w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consolidation Of The Iranian Revolution
The consolidation of the Iranian Revolution refers to a turbulent process of Islamic Republic stabilization, following the completion of the Islamic revolution. After the Shah of Iran and his regime were overthrown by Islamic revolutionaries in February 1979, Iran was in a "revolutionary crisis mode" from this time until 1982 or 1983. Its economy and the apparatus of government collapsed. Military and security forces were in disarray. Following the events of the Islamic revolution, Marxist guerrillas and federalist parties revolted in some regions comprising Khuzistan, Kurdistan, and Gonbad-e Qabus, which resulted in fighting between them and the Islamic forces. These revolts began in April 1979 and lasted for several months to more than a year, depending on the region. Recently published documents show that United States was afraid of those revolts. National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski discussed with his staff about a possible American invasion of Iran by using Turkish b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amol County
Amol County ( fa, شهرستان آمل) is located in Mazandaran province, Mazandaran province, Iran. The capital of the county is Amol. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 343,747, in 93,194 households. Retrieved 3 November 2022 At the 2016 census, the county's population was 401,639, in 133,034 households. Amol's neighbour counties are Babol County, Babol in the east, Mahmudabad county, Mahmudabad in the north, Babolsar county, Babolsar in the northeast, Noor County, Noor in the west in Mazandaran province, and Tehran province in the south. Natural attractions The county elevated landscape and valleys have dense forests. Its hills overlook the plains and stretch out to the high slopes of Damavand Mountains. The majestic valleys, rivers, springs, waterfalls, colorful vegetation, diversity of wildlife, thermal springs, summer quarters and rural settlements appeal to visitors. Mount Damavand, 5610 m, the highest point in the Middle East Lar and Damavand Mountains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north, by Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. It covers an area of , making it the 17th-largest country. Iran has a population of 86 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the Middle East. Its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Shiraz, and Tabriz. The country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC. It was first unified by the Medes, an ancient Iranian people, in the seventh century BC, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BC, when Cyrus the Great fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran)
Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran lit. ''the head-on-gallow mass'') (UIC(S); fa, اتحادیه کمونیستهای ایران) was a Maoist organization in Iran. The UIC(S) was formed in 1976 after the alliance of a number of Maoist groups carrying out military actions within Iran. The group prepared an insurrection starting in 1981, but it was dismantled by 1982. Although it has gone through several ideological changes, it has maintained a general Maoist viewpoint advocating that Iran is not a capitalist society but a "semicolonial-semifeudal" one. In 2001 the UIC(S) became the Communist Party of Iran (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist). History Foundation The Union of Iranian Communists was founded in 1976 after the unification of the "Organization of Communist Revolutionaries" and " Pooya Group" (a remnant of “Palestine Group”). The term "Sarbedaran" was used later in 1981 after the organization armed its members in the forests near Amol in northern Iran in preparati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasser Shabani
Nasser Shabani ( fa, ناصر شعبانی; – 13 March 2020) was an Iranian general and senior commander of Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). He took credit for using Houthi rebels to target Saudi oil tankers. Career Shabani began his military career in 1982 during the Iran-Iraq War. He participated in suppressing the Amol uprising the same year. In the final year of the Iran-Iraq War, he was promoted to become one of several fronts of Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. He played a key role in Operation Mersad, and later wrote several books about the war. In 2011, he succeeded the president of the university of Imam Hussein and became one of the deputies of the Sar-Allah Headquarters. In 2018, he stated in Iranian state media that the IRGC ordered the Houthi forces in Yemen to attack two Saudi oil tankers on the Bab al-Mandab Strait. Death Shabani died from COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a virus, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maoism
Maoism, officially called Mao Zedong Thought by the Chinese Communist Party, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed to realise a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China and later the People's Republic of China. The philosophical difference between Maoism and traditional Marxism–Leninism is that the peasantry is the revolutionary vanguard in pre-industrial societies rather than the proletariat. This updating and adaptation of Marxism–Leninism to Chinese conditions in which revolutionary praxis is primary and ideological orthodoxy is secondary represents urban Marxism–Leninism adapted to pre-industrial China. Later theoreticians expanded on the idea that Mao had adapted Marxism–Leninism to Chinese conditions, arguing that he had in fact updated it fundamentally, and that Maoism could be applied universally throughout the world. This ideology is often referred to as Marxism–Leninism–Maoism to d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's War
People's war (Chinese: 人民战争), also called protracted people's war, is a Maoist military strategy. First developed by the Chinese communist revolutionary leader Mao Zedong (1893–1976), the basic concept behind people's war is to maintain the support of the population and draw the enemy deep into the countryside (stretching their supply lines) where the population will bleed them dry through a mix of mobile warfare and guerrilla warfare. It was used by the Chinese communists against the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II, and by the Chinese Soviet Republic in the Chinese Civil War. The term is used by Maoists for their strategy of long-term armed revolutionary struggle. After the Sino-Vietnamese War in 1979, Deng Xiaoping abandoned people's war for "People's War under Modern Conditions", which moved away from reliance on troops over technology. With the adoption of " socialism with Chinese characteristics", economic reforms fueled military and technological investmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Base Area
In Mao Zedong's original formulation of the military strategy of people's war, a revolutionary base area ( ''gémìng gēnjùdì''), or simply base area, is a local stronghold that the revolutionary force conducting the people's war should attempt to establish, starting from a remote area with mountainous or forested terrain in which its enemy is weak. This kind of base helps the revolutionary conducting force to exploit the few advantages that a small revolutionary movement has—broad-based popular support, especially in a localized area, can be one of them—against a state power with a large and well-equipped army. To overcome a lack of supplies, revolutionaries in a base area may storm isolated outposts or other vulnerable supply caches controlled by the forces of an opponent. See also * Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet * Red corridor * ''On Protracted War'' * Ho Chi Minh trail * Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region * Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region The Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region () was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KDPI Insurgency (1989–1996)
The insurgency by the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran surged in 1989, lasting until 1996, as part of the Kurdish separatism struggle. The eruption of the conflict in July 1989 was caused by the assassination of KDPI leader Abdul Rahman Qassemlou by suspected Iranian government agents. The most violent episodes took place in 1990 and 1991, when Kurdish soldiers launched massive attacks on Iranian military bases in Kurdish areas of Iran. This brought heavy retaliation from the Iranian government, aiming to eradicate the KDPI leadership by assassinating Sadegh Sharafkandi and other KDPI leaders in 1992 in order to disable the Kurdish party's ability to function. The conflict faded with the effective targeted assassination policy of Iran and by 1996 KDPI was no longer able to function militarily and announced a unilateral ceasefire. The conflict claimed hundreds of lives, mostly Iranian government troops and Kurdish militants. Background In 1979, a wide scale rebellion erupted, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraqi Partisan Movement, 1979–1988
Al-Ansar ( ar, الأنصار, 'the Partisans') was a guerrilla force attached to the Iraqi Communist Party, active between 1979 and 1988. Early phase When the alliance between the Communist Party and the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party ended, a wave of harsh repression against the Communist Party followed. In 1977 the regime launched a crackdown against the communists. A number of communist cadres fled to the Kurdish areas in northern Iraq to escape arrest. By January 1979, the exiled communists had established partisan fighting units. By April 1979, the al-Ansar movement was operational. Headquarters of the partisan units were established in Kirkuk and as-Sulemaniyah, and bases were established in Irbil. Later, bases were also set up in Dohuk and Nineveh. The build-up of al-Ansar did however occur without the full consent of the politburo of the party.Ismael, Tareq Y. The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq'. Cambridge/ New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maoist Insurgency In Turkey
The Maoist insurgency in Turkey, referred by the Maoists as the People's War in Turkey ( tr, Halk savaşı), is an ongoing low-level insurgency in eastern Turkey between the Turkish government and Maoist rebels that began in the early 1970s. The insurgency declined in the late 1980s and 1990s and has been sidelined by the larger Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present). Low-level armed attacks continue to be carried out by Maoist insurgent groups, the most significant of which are the Liberation Army of the Workers and Peasants of Turkey (TİKKO) (the armed wing of the Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist) and the People's Liberation Army (HKO) and People's Partisan Forces (PHG), both armed wings of the Maoist Communist Party. Background On 24 April 1972, the Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist (TKP/ML, sometimes incorrectly referred to as ''Partizan'' after the name of one of its publications) was formed by a radical group led by İbrahim Kaypakkaya, and inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1982 In Iran
Events from the year 1982 in Iran. Incumbents * Supreme Leader: Ruhollah Khomeini * President: Ali Khamenei * Prime Minister: Mir-Hossein Mousavi * Chief Justice: Abdul-Karim Mousavi Ardebili Events * Iranian diplomats kidnapping – Three Iranian diplomats and one Iranian photographer disappeared in Lebanon during the invasion of Lebanon. See also * Years in Iraq * Years in Afghanistan This is a list of years in Afghanistan. See also the timeline of Afghan history. For only articles about years in Afghanistan that have been written, see :Years in Afghanistan. Twenty-first century Twentieth century Ninete ... References Years of the 20th century in Iran 1980s in Iran {{Iran-year-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
