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1981 Andorran Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Andorra on 9 December 1981, with a second round of voting on 16 December. Local elections were held on the same day. Following the elections, Ă’scar Ribas Reig became the country's first Prime Minister of Andorra, Prime Minister. Electoral system For the first time, all 28 seats of the General Council (Andorra), General Council were up for election at the same time. Between 1867 and 1979 only half of the seats were renewed in each election. Each Parishes of Andorra, parish formed a constituency, electing four members each. Members of the Parliament were elected using a two-round plurality voting system. As political parties were not legalised until 1993, all candidates ran as independents. Following the election, the General Council (Andorra), General Council elected the Prime Minister of Andorra, and the List of General Syndics of the General Council, General Syndic (speaker (politics), speaker). Results Voter turnout was 74.5%. A second r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Council (Andorra)
The General Council ( ca, Consell General d'Andorra, ) is the unicameral parliament of Andorra. It is sometimes referred to as the General Council of the Valleys (Catalan: ''Consell General de les Valls'') because it was the historical name and to distinguish it from similarly named bodies in the Val d'Aran and in France. Organization There are twenty-eight "general councillors", who are elected for four-year terms based on party lists in a closed list system: *two general councillors from each of the seven parishes, elected from the list with most votes in each parish; *fourteen general councillors elected from national lists using the largest remainder method of proportional representation. The parish lists and the national list are independent of one another: the same person cannot appear on both the national list and on a parish list, and voters cast two separate ballots (there is no requirement to vote for the same party for both lists). This is a recent development; or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andorra
, image_flag = Flag of Andorra.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Andorra.svg , symbol_type = Coat of arms , national_motto = la, Virtus Unita Fortior, label=none (Latin)"United virtue is stronger" , national_anthem = "The Great Charlemagne" , image_map = Location Andorra Europe.png , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Andorra la Vella , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = Catalan , ethnic_groups = , ethnic_groups_year = 2017 , religion = Christianity (Catholicism) , religion_ref = , demonym = Andorran , government_type = constitutional elective diarchy , leader_title1 = Co-Princes , leader_name1 = , leader_title2 = Representatives , leader_name2 = , leader_title3 = Prime Minister ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections ma ...s and political development, he has published several books. IDEA Bibliography Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Electi ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ă’scar Ribas Reig
Ă’scar Ribas Reig (; 26 October 193618 December 2020) was an Andorran politician, lawyer, and businessman who became the prime minister of Andorra in 1982.Andorra entry on Hutchinson Encyclopedia He twice served as head of government, first from 8 January 1982 to 21 May 1984 and again from 12 January 1990 to 7 December 1994. Early life and education Ă’scar Ribas Reig was born in , Andorra, on 26 October 1936 to an Andorran father and a mother. He moved to Spain as a child, living in |
Prime Minister Of Andorra
The head of government of the Principality of Andorra (), alternatively known as the Prime Minister of Andorra, is the chief executive of the government of Andorra. They are appointed by the General Council. The position was created in 1982 after constitutional reforms separated the executive and legislative powers. Òscar Ribas Reig was elected as the country's first Prime Minister on 4 January 1982. Nohlen D & Stöver P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p160 The current Prime Minister is Xavier Espot Zamora, who has been in office since 16 May 2019. Prime Ministers of Andorra (1982–present) Living former Prime Ministers See also * List of Co-Princes of Andorra References {{Europe heads of state and government Politics of Andorra Andorra , image_flag = Flag of Andorra.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Andorra.svg , symbol_type = Coat of arms , national_motto = la, Virtus Unita Fortior, lab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parishes Of Andorra
Andorra consists of seven communities known as parishes ( ca, parròquies, singularparròquia). Until relatively recently, it had only six parishes; the seventh, Escaldes-Engordany, was created in 1978. Overview Andorra la Vella is the capital of Andorra. Some parishes have a further territorial subdivision; Ordino, La Massana and Sant Julià de Lòria are subdivided into ''quarts'' (quarters), while Canillo is subdivided into 10 ''veïnats'' (neighborhoods). Those mostly coincide with villages, which are found in all parishes. Each parish has its own elected mayor who is the nominal head of the local government known as a ''comú'' in Catalan. See also * ISO 3166-2:AD *List of cities in Andorra This is a list of cities, towns and villages in Andorra. The country, divided into 7 parishes, counts 44 official statistical ''poblacions'' (i.e.: towns and villages) and other villages. List 1. Les Escaldes and Engordany are former village ... References External links ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plurality Voting System
Plurality voting refers to electoral systems in which a candidate, or candidates, who poll more than any other counterpart (that is, receive a plurality), are elected. In systems based on single-member districts, it elects just one member per district and may also be referred to as first-past-the-post (FPTP), single-member plurality (SMP/SMDP), single-choice voting (an imprecise term as non-plurality voting systems may also use a single choice), simple plurality or relative majority (as opposed to an ''absolute majorit''y, where more than half of votes is needed, this is called ''majority voting''). A system which elects multiple winners elected at once with the plurality rule, such as one based on multi-seat districts, is referred to as plurality block voting. Plurality voting is distinguished from ''majority voting'', in which a winning candidate must receive an absolute majority of votes: more than half of all votes (more than all other candidates combined if each voter ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speaker (politics)
The speaker of a deliberative assembly, especially a legislative body, is its presiding officer, or the chair. The title was first used in 1377 in England. Usage The title was first recorded in 1377 to describe the role of Thomas de Hungerford in the Parliament of England.Lee Vol 28, pp. 257,258. The speaker's official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, and the like. The speaker decides who may speak and has the powers to discipline members who break the procedures of the chamber or house. The speaker often also represents the body in person, as the voice of the body in ceremonial and some other situations. By convention, speakers are normally addressed in Parliament as 'Mister Speaker', if a man, or 'Madam Speaker', if a woman. In other cultures, other styles are used, mainly being equivalents of English "chairman" or "president". Many bodies also have a speaker '' pro tempore'' (or deputy speaker), designated to fill in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canillo
Canillo () is one of the parishes of Andorra. Canillo is also the name of the main town of the parish. The parish is considered the religious center of Andorra with the Sanctuary and Chapel of Our Lady of Meritxell, patron saint of Andorra, and contains one of the best-preserved romanesque churches in the Pyrenees, Sant Joan de Caselles. It has a population of 4,826, as of 2011. Despite having a tourist vocation, the parish of Canillo still retains many livestock and agricultural traits. Geography The localities of Canillo parish include Soldeu, Bordes d'Envalira, El Tarter, Sant Pere, Ransol, Els Plans, El Vilar, l'Armiana, l'Aldosa, El Forn, Incles, Prats, Meritxell and Molleres. Unlike the rest of Andorra, Canillo is divided by ''veĂŻnats'' (neighborhoods). Canillo Parish is Andorra's largest parish, at 121 square kilometers (47 sq mi). Large natural places and areas in the parish include the Incles Valley, the Ransol Valley and the Montaup Valley. On the hiki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1981 Elections In Europe
Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The Farabundo Martà National Liberation Front, FMLN launches its first major offensive, gaining control of most of Morazán Department, Morazán and Chalatenango Department, Chalatenango departments. * January 15 – Pope John Paul II receives a delegation led by Polish Solidarity (Polish trade union), Solidarity leader Lech Wałęsa at the Vatican City, Vatican. * January 20 – Iran releases the 52 Americans held for 444 days, minutes after Ronald Reagan is First inauguration of Ronald Reagan, sworn in as the 40th President of the United States, ending the Iran hostage crisis. * January 21 – The first DMC DeLorean, DeLorean automobile, a stainless steel sports car with gull-wing doors, rolls off the production line in Dunmurry, Northern Ireland. * January 24 – An 1981 Dawu ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1981 In Andorra
Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major offensive, gaining control of most of Morazán and Chalatenango departments. * January 15 – Pope John Paul II receives a delegation led by Polish Solidarity leader Lech Wałęsa at the Vatican. * January 20 – Iran releases the 52 Americans held for 444 days, minutes after Ronald Reagan is First inauguration of Ronald Reagan, sworn in as the 40th President of the United States, ending the Iran hostage crisis. * January 21 – The first DMC DeLorean, DeLorean automobile, a stainless steel sports car with gull-wing doors, rolls off the production line in Dunmurry, Northern Ireland. * January 24 – An 1981 Dawu earthquake, earthquake of magnitude in Sichuan, China, kills 150 people. Japan suffers a less serious earthquake on the same day. * Jan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
