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1941 In Archaeology
The year 1941 in archaeology involved some significant events. Explorations * First Gujarat prehistoric expedition (continues to 1942). Excavations * June 19 - Mikhail M. Gerasimov opens Tamerlane's tomb. * Excavations at Olmec site of La Venta by Matthew Stirling begin. * Excavations at Arikamedu (Podouké) by the ''Société de l'histoire de l'Inde française'' begin (continue to 1945). * Excavations at Baiae, Italy, begin. * Excavations at Fulda. Publications * Father Alberto Maria de Agostini becomes the first to write about Cueva de las Manos. Finds * September - Remains of Roman villa at Brantingham in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Awards Miscellaneous * September 27 - A Vichy France law promulgated by Jérôme Carcopino makes buried archaeological relics state property. * The bulk of the finds from the 1927- 1937 excavations of Peking Man Site in Zhoukoudian, China are lost, never to be recovered, while being transported to safety. Births * July 8: Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeology
Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. It is usually considered an independent academic discipline, but may also be classified as part of anthropology (in North America – the four-field approach), history or geography. Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades. Archaeology is distinct from palaeontology, which is the study of fossil remains. Archaeology is particularly important for learning about prehistoric societies, for which, by definition, there are no written records. Prehistory includes over 99% of the human past, from the Paleolithic until the adven ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vichy France
Vichy France (french: Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was the fascist French state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II. Officially independent, but with half of its territory occupied under harsh terms of the armistice, it adopted a policy of collaboration with Nazi Germany, which occupied the northern and western portions before occupying the remainder of Metropolitan France in November 1942. Though Paris was ostensibly its capital, the collaborationist Vichy government established itself in the resort town of Vichy in the unoccupied "Free Zone" (), where it remained responsible for the civil administration of France as well as its colonies. The Third French Republic had begun the war in September 1939 on the side of the Allies. On 10 May 1940, it was invaded by Nazi Germany. The German Army rapidly broke through the Allied lines by bypassing the highly fortified Maginot Line and invading through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1941 In Science
The year 1941 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Biology * George Wells Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum publish "Genetic Control of Biochemical Reactions in Neurospora" which shows that specific genes code for specific proteins. * John William Field develops Field stain to detect malarial parasites. Chemistry * February 23 – Chemical element 94, plutonium, is first synthesized by Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur C. Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy and Emilio Segrè. It is kept secret until after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as it is being developed for the first atomic bombs. * Folic acid is first isolated via extraction from spinach leaves by Herschel K. Mitchell, Esmond E. Snell and Roger J. Williams at the University of Texas at Austin. * The first polyester fibre, polyethylene terephthalate (terylene), is patented by John Rex Whinfield, James T. Dickson and their employer the Calico Printers' Association of Manchester, England. Comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minoan Civilisation
The Minoan civilization was a Bronze Age Aegean civilization on the island of Crete and other Aegean Islands, whose earliest beginnings were from 3500BC, with the complex urban civilization beginning around 2000BC, and then declining from 1450BC until it ended around 1100BC, during the early Greek Dark Ages, part of a wider bronze age collapse around the Mediterranean. It represents the first advanced civilization in Europe, leaving behind a number of massive building complexes, sophisticated art, and writing systems. Its economy benefited from a network of trade around much of the Mediterranean. The civilization was rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century through the work of British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans. The name "Minoan" derives from the mythical King Minos and was coined by Evans, who identified the site at Knossos with the labyrinth of the Minotaur. The Minoan civilization has been described as the earliest of its kind in Europe, and historian Will Dur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Evans
Sir Arthur John Evans (8 July 1851 – 11 July 1941) was a British archaeologist and pioneer in the study of Aegean civilization in the Bronze Age. He is most famous for unearthing the palace of Knossos on the Greek island of Crete. Based on the structures and artifacts found there and throughout the eastern Mediterranean, Evans found that he needed to distinguish the Minoan civilisation from Mycenaean Greece. Evans was also the first to define Cretan scripts Linear A and Linear B, as well as an earlier pictographic writing. Biographical background Family Arthur Evans was born in Nash Mills, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England, the first child of John Evans (1823–1908) and Harriet Ann Dickinson (born 1824), the daughter of John's employer, John Dickinson (1782–1869), the inventor and founder of Messrs John Dickinson, a paper mill. John Evans came from a family of men who were both educated and intellectually active but undistinguished by either wealth or aristocratic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kent R
Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties. It borders Greater London to the north-west, Surrey to the west and East Sussex to the south-west, and Essex to the north across the estuary of the River Thames; it faces the French department of Pas-de-Calais across the Strait of Dover. The county town is Maidstone. It is the fifth most populous county in England, the most populous non-Metropolitan county and the most populous of the home counties. Kent was one of the first British territories to be settled by Germanic tribes, most notably the Jutes, following the withdrawal of the Romans. Canterbury Cathedral in Kent, the oldest cathedral in England, has been the seat of the Archbishops of Canterbury since the conversion of England to Christianity that began in the 6th century with Saint Augustine. Rochester Cathedral in Medway is England's second-oldest cathedral. Located between London and the Strait of Dover, which separates England from mainl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ina Plug
Ina Plug (née Post) (born 5 August 1941) is a South African archaeozoologist (or zooarchaeologist), and teacher. Her long career included field research and in museums such as Transvaal Museum (now the Ditsong: National Museum of Natural History) and for the University of Pretoria on southern African mammals, starting with the animals from Iron Age sites at the Kruger National Park. Her work resulted in her publishing 130 scientific papers mostly on the skeletal remains of animals. She also published a book titled ''What Bone Is That? A Guide to the Identification of Southern African Mammal Bones''. During her research work Plug traveled widely to many countries to enhance her knowledge base and participated in many meetings of the International Council of Archaeozoologists (ICAZ) of which she is now a Council member. Early life Ina Post was born on 5 August 1941 in Amsterdam, Netherlands to parents Gerritdina Fransina (née Bruinenberg) and Jan Post; she was their only daught ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Carver
Martin Oswald Hugh Carver, FSA, Hon FSA Scot, (born 8 July 1941) is Emeritus Professor of Archaeology at the University of York, England, director of the Sutton Hoo Research Project and a leading exponent of new methods in excavation and survey. He specialises in the archaeology of early Medieval Europe. He has an international reputation for his excavations at Sutton Hoo, on behalf of the British Museum and the Society of Antiquaries and at the Pictish monastery at Portmahomack Tarbat, Easter Ross, Scotland. He has undertaken archaeological research in England, Scotland, France, Italy and Algeria. Early life Carver was born on 8 July 1941 to John Hobart Carver and Jocelyn Louisa Grace Carver (née Tweedie). He was the grandson of Oswald Carver. He was educated at Ladycross School, a Catholic preparatory school in Seaford, East Sussex, and then Wellington College, an independent school in Crowthorne, Berkshire. Military service Having graduated from the Royal Military Acad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the well-attested Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a bureaucratic political system to serve hereditary monarchies, or dyna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhoukoudian
Zhoukoudian Area () is a town and an area located on the east Fangshan District, Beijing, China. It borders Nanjiao and Fozizhuang Townships to its north, Xiangyang, Chengguan and Yingfeng Subdistricts to its east, Shilou and Hangcunhe Towns to its south, and Xiayunling Town to its west. Its population was 41,868 in the 2020 census. History Administrative Divisions In 2021, Zhoukoudian Area was formed by 29 subdivisions, of those 5 were communities and 24 were villages: Landmark * Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site (), also romanized as Choukoutien, is a cave, cave system in suburban Fangshan District, Beijing. It has yielded many archaeology, archaeological discoveries, including one of the first specimens of ''Homo erectus'' (' ... See also * List of township-level divisions of Beijing References {{authority control Fangshan District Towns in Beijing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peking Man
Peking Man (''Homo erectus pekinensis'') is a subspecies of ''Homo erectus, H. erectus'' which inhabited the Zhoukoudian Cave of northern China during the Middle Pleistocene. The first fossil, a tooth, was discovered in 1921, and the Zhoukoudian Cave has since then become the most productive ''H. erectus'' site in the world. Peking Man was instrumental in the foundation of Chinese anthropology, and fostered an important dialogue between Western and Eastern science for decades to come. The fossils became the centre of anthropological discussion, and were classified as a direct human ancestor, propping up the Out of Asia hypothesis that humans evolved in Asia. Peking Man also played a vital role in the restructuring of the Chinese identity following the Chinese Communist Revolution, and was intensively communicated to working class and peasant communities to introduce them to Marxism and science (overturning deeply-rooted superstitions and Chinese creation myths, creation myths). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1937 In Archaeology
Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1937. Excavations * Uaxactun project by Carnegie Institution led by Oliver Ricketson ends. * Excavations at Vergina conducted by University of Thessaloniki. * Major excavations begin at Avebury by Alexander Keiller (continue until 1939). * Excavations at Alalakh, Turkey, conducted by Leonard Woolley, begin (continue until 1949, interrupted by World War II). * Excavations at Nagar, Syria, conducted by Max Mallowan, begin (continue until 1938). * Chinese excavations at Peking Man Site in Zhoukoudian, begun in 1927 by Davidson Black, and Yinxu, begun in 1928 by Li Chi, come to an end with the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War. * Excavations begin at the neolithic site of Hyrax Hill, Kenya, by Mary Leakey (continues until 1938). * Major excavations begin at the Hohlenstein-Stadel cave in Germany, conducted by Robert Wetzel and Otto Völzing (continue until August 1939). * Recording of standing medieval buildings by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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