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1931 In Mandatory Palestine
Events in the year 1931 in the British Mandate of Palestine. Incumbents * High Commissioner – Sir John Chancellor until 20 November; Sir Arthur Grenfell Wauchope * Emir of Transjordan – Abdullah I bin al-Hussein * Prime Minister of Transjordan – Hasan Khalid Abu al-Huda until 22 February; Abdallah Sarraj Events * According to official statistics there were 4,075 Jewish immigrants during 1931. O'Brien, Conor Cruise (1986) ''The Siege. The Story of Israel and Zionism.'' 1988 Paladin Edition. . p.202 *5 January – Third Jewish Assembly of Representatives election. * 10 April – The right-wing " revisionist" Zionist armed underground paramilitary group "Irgun" (meaning "Organization", a short form for the full name "National Military Organization", whose acronym in Hebrew is pronounced "Etzel") is founded by Avraham Tehomi together with several other former Haganah commanders. The founders had left the Haganah due to their objection to the official policy of havlagah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1930 In The British Mandate Of Palestine
Events in the year 1930 in the British Mandate of Palestine. Incumbents * High Commissioner - Sir John Chancellor * Emir of Transjordan - Abdullah I bin al-Hussein * Prime Minister of Transjordan - Hasan Khalid Abu al-Huda Events * 5 January - The left-wing political party Mapai is founded by the merger of the Hapoel Hatzair (founded by A. D. Gordon) and the original Ahdut HaAvoda (founded in 1919 from the more moderate, right-wing of the Marxist Zionist socialist Russian party Poale Zion, led by David Ben-Gurion). * 17 June - 3 Arab Palestinians hanged for their part in the August 1929 riots. 25 other prisoners, two of them Jewish, had their death sentences commuted. The day was remembered by Palestinians as "Red Tuesday". * 1 October - Lord Passfield, the Secretary of State for the Colonies, issues a white paper, a formal statement of the British policy in Palestine, with a decidedly anti-Zionist tone, and which Zionists claim backtrack on British commitments in the Balfo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conor Cruise O'Brian
Donal Conor David Dermot Donat Cruise O'Brien (3 November 1917 – 18 December 2008), often nicknamed "The Cruiser", was an Irish diplomat, politician, writer, historian and academic, who served as Minister for Posts and Telegraphs from 1973 to 1977, a Senator for Dublin University from 1977 to 1979, a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin North-East constituency from 1969 to 1977, and a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from January 1973 to March 1973. His opinion of Britain's role in Ireland subsequent to the partition of the island and the independence of the Free State in 1921 changed during the 1970s, in response to the outbreak of The Troubles. He now saw opposing nationalist and unionist traditions as irreconcilable, and switched from a nationalist to a unionist view of Irish politics and history, and from opposition to support for partition. Cruise O'Brien's outlook was radical and seldom orthodox. He summarised his position as intending "to administer an electric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nahala, Israel
Nahala ( he, נַחֲלָה, ''lit.'' Estate) is a moshav in south-central Israel. Located a few kilometers north of Kiryat Gat and south of Kiryat Malakhi., it falls under the jurisdiction of Yoav Regional Council. In it had a population of . History The community was founded in 1953 by Yemeni Jewish refugees on land that had belonged to the depopulated Palestinian village of Summil. The founders had originally established moshav Agur in 1950.Agur Homee Along with the neighboring Menuha
Menuha ( he, מְנוּחָה) is a moshav in south-central Israel. Located to the north of Kiryat Gat and south of Kiryat Malakhi, it falls under the jurisdiction of Lakhish Regional Council. In it had a population of .
History ...
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Mandatory Palestine
Mandatory Palestine ( ar, فلسطين الانتدابية '; he, פָּלֶשְׂתִּינָה (א״י) ', where "E.Y." indicates ''’Eretz Yiśrā’ēl'', the Land of Israel) was a geopolitical entity established between 1920 and 1948 in the region of Palestine under the terms of the League of Nations Mandate for Palestine. During the First World War (1914–1918), an Arab uprising against Ottoman rule and the British Empire's Egyptian Expeditionary Force under General Edmund Allenby drove the Ottoman Turks out of the Levant during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. The United Kingdom had agreed in the McMahon–Hussein Correspondence that it would honour Arab independence if the Arabs revolted against the Ottoman Turks, but the two sides had different interpretations of this agreement, and in the end, the United Kingdom and France divided the area under the Sykes–Picot Agreementan act of betrayal in the eyes of the Arabs. Further complicating the issue was t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1931 Census Of Palestine
The 1931 census of Palestine was the second census carried out by the authorities of the British Mandate for Palestine. It was carried out on 18 November 1931 under the direction of Major E. Mills after the 1922 census of Palestine. * Census of Palestine 1931, Volume I. Palestine Part I, Report. Alexandria, 1933 (349 pages). * Census of Palestine 1931, Volume II. Palestine, Part II, Tables. Alexandria, 1933 (595 pages). References Further reading * Miscellaneous short extracts from the census reports at Emory University * J. McCarthy, The Population of Palestine, Columbia University Press (1988). This contains many pages of tables extracted from the census reports. {{Authority control Censuses in Mandatory Palestine Census Of Palestine, 1931 Documents of Mandatory Palestine Palestine November 1931 events 1931 documents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yagur
Yagur ( he, יָגוּר) is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located on the northeastern slopes of Mount Carmel, about 9 km southeast of Haifa, it falls under the jurisdiction of Zevulun Regional Council. In it had a population of , making it one of the two largest kibbutzim in the country. History Yagur was founded in 1922 by a settlement group called ''Ahva'' ''(Brotherhood)''. Its name was taken from an Arab village called " Yajur" nearby. There is a site with a similar name ( Jagur) mentioned in the Book of Joshua 15:21, though it was located in territory belonging to the Tribe of Judah, far to the south. At first, the members worked drying up the swamps surrounding the Kishon River and preparing the land for permanent settlement. They established various agricultural divisions and the kibbutz began to grow. On 11 April 1931 three members of the kibbutz were killed by members of a cell of the Black Hand. During the Mandate era, Yagur was an important center for the H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palestinian Jew
Palestinian Jews or Jewish Palestinians were the Jewish inhabitants of the Palestine region (known in Hebrew as ''Eretz Yisrael'', ) prior to the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. The common term used to refer to the Jewish communities of Ottoman Syria during the 19th century and British Palestine prior to the 1948 establishment of the State of Israel is ''Yishuv'' (). A distinction is drawn between the "New Yishuv", which was largely composed of and descended from Jewish immigrants who arrived in the Levant during the First Aliyah (1881–1903), and the " Old Yishuv", which was the pre-existing Jewish community of Palestine prior to the consolidation of Zionism and the First Aliyah. In addition to applying to Jews who lived in Palestine during the British Mandate era, the term "Palestinian Jews" has been applied to the Jewish residents of Southern Syria, corresponding to the southern part of the Syria region under the Ottoman Empire; there are also historical sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Havlagah
Havlagah ( he, ההבלגה, , "The Restraint") was a strategic policy used by the Haganah members with regard to retribution taken against Arab groups who were attacking the Jewish settlements during the British Mandate of Palestine. Its core principles were fortification and abstention from taking revenge on Arabs by attacking innocent civilians. The political leadership and many leftwing Zionist groups supported the Havlagah policy. Support Many of the Zionist leadership saw Havlagah as a moral policy and a source of pride for the Jews. Jewish National Council of Palestine The Jewish National Council posted an announcement with their opinion of Havlagah: Workers Party of the Land of Israel Berl Katznelson, one of Mapai's (the pre-Israeli Labor Party) leaders, said Havlagah is a form of self defense meaning "righteousness of weapon" and not hurting innocent life: David Ben-Gurion, another leader of Mapai, supported the Havlagah for more practical reasons. He noted that t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haganah
Haganah ( he, הַהֲגָנָה, lit. ''The Defence'') was the main Zionist paramilitary organization of the Jewish population ("Yishuv") in Mandatory Palestine between 1920 and its disestablishment in 1948, when it became the core of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Formed out of previous existing militias, its original purpose was to defend Jewish settlements from Arab attacks, such as the riots of 1920, 1921, 1929 and during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine. It was under the control of the Jewish Agency, the official governmental body in charge of Palestine's Jewish community during the British Mandate. Until the end of the Second World War, Haganah's activities were moderate, in accordance with the policy of havlaga ("self-restraint"), which caused the splitting of the more radical Irgun and Lehi. The group received clandestine military support from Poland. Haganah sought cooperation with the British in the event of an Axis invasion of Palestine through N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avraham Tehomi
Avraham Tehomi ( he, אברהם תהומי, also Avraham T'homi, 1903–1990), was a Jewish militant who served as a Haganah commander, and was one of the founders and first commander of the Irgun. He is best known for the assassination of Jacob Israël de Haan. Biography Avraham Zilberg (later Tehomi) was born in Odessa in the Russian Empire. He immigrated to Palestine as a pioneer and started working in road construction. He became a member of the Haganah, completed his Haganah courses with honors, and served as a commander in Jerusalem. As a Haganah officer, he served under the leadership of Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, who would in 1952 become the second President of Israel. Pre-state underground On June 30, 1924, the Dutch Jewish poet, novelist and diplomat Jacob Israel de Haan, who was living in Jerusalem as a journalist, was shot and killed. Tehomi was allegedly responsible for the assassination. De Haan had come to Palestine as an ardent Zionist, but he had become increasingly criti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irgun
Irgun • Etzel , image = Irgun.svg , image_size = 200px , caption = Irgun emblem. The map shows both Mandatory Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan, which the Irgun claimed in its entirety for a future Jewish state. The acronym "Etzel" is written above the map, and "raq kach" ("only thus") is written below. , dates = 1931–1948 , country = Yishuv, Mandatory Palestine Israel , type = Paramilitary (pre-independence) Unified armed forces (post-independence) , role = , size = , battles = Arab Revolt in PalestineWorld War II *Anglo-Iraqi War *Syria–Lebanon Campaign Jewish Revolt in Palestine Palestine Civil War1948 Arab–Israeli War , disbanded = 11 June 1948 , commander1 = , commander1_label = , commander2 = , commander2_label = , commander3 = , commander3_label = , notable_commanders = Ze'ev Jabotinsky, Avraham Tehomi, Menachem Begin , identification_symbol = , identification_symbol_label = , identification_symbol_2 = , identification_symbol_2_label ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramilitary
A paramilitary is an organization whose structure, tactics, training, subculture, and (often) function are similar to those of a professional military, but is not part of a country's official or legitimate armed forces. Paramilitary units carry out duties that a country's military or police forces are unable or unwilling to handle. Other organizations may be considered paramilitaries by structure alone, despite being unarmed or lacking a combat role. Overview Though a paramilitary is, by definition, not a military, it is usually equivalent to a light infantry force in terms of strength, firepower, and organizational structure. Paramilitaries use "military" equipment (such as long guns and armored personnel carriers; usually military surplus resources), skills (such as battlefield medicine and bomb disposal), and tactics (such as urban warfare and close-quarters combat) that are compatible with their purpose, often combining them with skills from other relevant fields such a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
