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1899 In The Philippines
The following lists events that happened during 1899 in the Philippine Republic. Incumbents First Philippine Republic *President: Emilio Aguinaldo ''(starting January 23)'' *Prime Minister: ** Apolinario Mabini ''(January 23 – May 7)'' ** Pedro A. Paterno ''(May 7 – November 13)'' * President of the Assembly of Representatives: Pedro A. Paterno U.S. Military Government *Governor: Elwell Stephen Otis Events January * January 23 – Malolos Constitution is proclaimed in Malolos, Bulacan, establishing the First Philippine Republic. Emilio Aguinaldo inaugurated as President of the Republic. February * February 4– 5 – 12,000 American troops advanced through 2 miles of Filipino front at the Battle of Manila. It was the first and largest battle of the Philippine–American War, resulting to 60 American dead and 2,000 Filipino dead. * February 10 – A brigade of American soldiers attacked Filipino troops after 3 hours of artillery bombardment at the Battle of Caloocan. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Philippine Republic
The Philippine Republic ( es, República Filipina), now officially known as the First Philippine Republic, also referred to by historians as the Malolos Republic, was established in Malolos, Bulacan during the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire (1896–1897) and the Spanish–American War between Spain and the United States (1898) through the promulgation of the Malolos Constitution on January 22, 1899, succeeding the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines. It was formally established with Emilio Aguinaldo as president. (English translation by Sulpicio Guevara) It maintained governance until April 1, 1901. Following the American victory at the Mock Battle of Manila, Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines, issued the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898, and established successive revolutionary Philippine governments on June 18 and 23 of that year. In December 1898, Spain and the United States signed the 1898 Treaty of Paris, endi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Manila (1899)
The Battle of Manila (Filipino: ''Labanan sa Maynila''; es, Batalla de Manila), the first and largest battle of the Philippine–American War, was fought on February 4–5, 1899, between 19,000 American soldiers and 15,000 Filipino armed militiamen. Armed conflict broke out when American troops, under orders to turn away insurgents from their encampment, fired upon an encroaching group of Filipinos. Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo attempted to broker a ceasefire, but American General Elwell Stephen Otis rejected it and fighting escalated the next day. It ended in an American victory, although minor skirmishes continued for several days afterward. Disposition of forces Filipino forces After the surrender of Manila to American forces by the Spanish in 1898, General Aguinaldo demanded occupation of a line of blockhouses on the Zapote Line, which had been the Spanish defensive perimeter. General Otis initially refused this, but later said that he would not object unless ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
May 7
Events Pre-1600 * 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch. * 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I immediately orders that the dome be rebuilt. *1274 – In France, the Second Council of Lyon opens; it ratified a decree to regulate the election of the Pope. *1487 – The Siege of Málaga commences during the Spanish Reconquista. *1544 – The Burning of Edinburgh by an English army is the first action of the Rough Wooing. 1601–1900 * 1625 – State funeral of James VI and I (1566-1625) is held at Westminster Abbey. * 1664 – Inaugural celebrations begin at Louis XIV of France's new Palace of Versailles. *1685 – Battle of Vrtijeljka between rebels and Ottoman forces. *1697 – Stockholm's royal castle (dating back to medieval times) is destroyed by fire. It is replaced in the 18th century by the current ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregorio Del Pilar
Gregorio Hilario del Pilar y Sempio (; ; November 14, 1875 – December 2, 1899) was a Filipinos, Filipino general of the Philippine Revolutionary Army during the Philippine–American War. As one of the youngest generals in the Revolutionary Army, he was known for the successful assault on the Spanish barracks in the municipality of Raid on Paombong, Paombong, his victory on the first phase Battle of Quingua and his last stand at the Battle of Tirad Pass during the Philippine–American War. Because of his youth, he became known as the "Boy General". He was also known as a ladies man and was described by National Artist of the Philippines, National Artist for Literature Nick Joaquin as the "Lord Byron, Byron of Bulacan". Early life and education Born on November 14, 1875 to Fernando H. del Pilar and Felipa Sempio of Bulacan, Bulacan, the fifth among six siblings. His siblings were María de la Paz del Pilar (b.1865), Andrea del Pilar (b. 1866), Pablo H. del Pilar (b. 1869) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Quingua
The Battle of Quingua ( fil, Labanan sa Quingua, es, Batalla de Quingua) was fought on April 23, 1899, in Quingua — now Plaridel, Bulacan, Philippines, during the Philippine–American War (1899–1902). The engagement was a two-part battle that started general Elwell S. Otis Elwell Stephen Otis (March 25, 1838 – October 21, 1909) was a United States Army general who served in the American Civil War, Indian Wars, the Philippines late in the Spanish–American War and during the Philippine–American War. Biography ...' Bulacan and Pampanga offensive a day early.Linn, B.M., 2000, The Philippine War, 1899–1902, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, The first phase was a brief victory for the young Filipino general Gregorio del Pilar when he stopped the advance of the American Cavalry led by Major J. Franklin Bell. In the second phase of the battle, Bell was reinforced by the 1st Nebraska Infantry Regiment (1898), 1st Nebraskan Infantry, who routed the Filipinos, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April 23
Events Pre-1600 *215 BC – A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene. *599 – Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in southern Mexico, defeating queen Yohl Ik'nal and sacking the city. * 711 – Dagobert III succeeds his father King Childebert III as King of the Franks. *1014 – Battle of Clontarf: High King of Ireland Brian Boru defeats Viking invaders, but is killed in battle. *1016 – Edmund Ironside succeeds his father Æthelred the Unready as King of England. *1343 – St. George's Night Uprising commences in the Duchy of Estonia. *1348 – The founding of the Order of the Garter by King Edward III is announced on St. George's Day. *1500 – Portuguese explorer Pedro Alvarez Cabral reaches new coastline (Brazil). * 1516 – The Munich ''Reinheitsgebot'' (regarding the ingredients of beer) takes effect in all of Bavaria. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Santa Cruz (1899)
This Battle of Santa Cruz was a battle fought in the early stages of the Philippine–American War during General Henry W. Lawton's Laguna de Bay campaign. Background After defeating the Filipino nationalists at the second battle of Manila, General Elwell S. Otis, commander of the US VIII Corps, sent the 1st Division under Arthur MacArthur to the north to threaten the Filipino capitol at Malolos. At the same time, the 2nd Division under Henry W. Lawton was sent south into the Laguna province, to the Filipino stronghold located in the town of Santa Cruz.. Landings On April 8, 1899, Lawton's division boarded a small fleet of ''cascos'' escorted by the gunboats ''Laguna de Bay'', ''Oeste'' and ''Napindan'', on the Pasig River east of Manila and sailed towards Laguna de Bay. The flotilla did not reach the opposite shore of the lake until early afternoon the next day, because the pilots were unfamiliar with the river and frequently grounded the boats. At 10:30 a.m. on April 9 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April 10
Events Pre-1600 * 428 – Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople. * 837 – Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles). *1407 – Deshin Shekpa, 5th Karmapa Lama visits the Ming dynasty capital at Nanjing and is awarded the title "Great Treasure Prince of Dharma". *1500 – Ludovico Sforza is captured by Swiss troops at Novara and is handed over to the French. *1545 – The settlement of Villa Imperial de Carlos V (now the city of Potosí) in Bolivia is founded after the discovery of huge silver deposits in the area. 1601–1900 * 1606 – The Virginia Company of London is established by royal charter by James I of England with the purpose of establishing colonial settlements in North America. *1710 – The Statute of Anne, the first law regulating copyright, comes into force in Great Britain. * 1717 – Robert Walpole resigns from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April 9
Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, supporting the Monophysite christological position. * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Byzantine general Belisarius receives his promised reinforcements, 1,600 cavalry, mostly of Hunnic or Slavic origin and expert bowmen. He starts, despite shortages, raids against the Gothic camps and Vitiges is forced into a stalemate. * 1241 – Battle of Liegnitz: Mongol forces defeat the Polish and German armies. *1288 – Mongol invasions of Vietnam: Yuan forces are defeated by Trần forces in the Battle of Bach Dang in present-day northern Vietnam. *1388 – Despite being outnumbered 16 to 1, forces of the Old Swiss Confederacy are victorious over the Archduchy of Austria in the Battle of Näfels. *1454 – The Treaty of Lodi is s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March 31
Events Pre-1600 * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian. *1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging the necessity of a Second Crusade. Louis VII is present, and joins the Crusade. *1492 – Queen Isabella of Castile issues the Alhambra Decree, ordering her 150,000 Jewish and Muslim subjects to convert to Christianity or face expulsion. *1521 – Ferdinand Magellan and fifty of his men came ashore to present-day Limasawa to participate in the first Catholic mass in the Philippines. 1601–1900 *1657 – The Long Parliament presents the Humble Petition and Advice offering Oliver Cromwell the British throne, which he eventually declines. *1717 – A sermon on "The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ" by Benjamin Hoadly, the Bishop of Bangor, preached in the presence of King George I of Great Britain, provokes the Bangorian Controversy. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Marilao River
The Battle of Marilao River was fought on March 27, 1899, in Marilao, Bulacan, Philippines, during the Philippine–American War. It was one of the most celebrated river crossings of the whole war, wherein American forces crossed the Marilao River, which was wide and too deep to ford, while under Filipino fire from the opposite bank. Background After the failed Filipino counterattack to regain Manila on February 23, General Antonio Luna, the Chief of War Operations of the Philippine Republic, resigned his post on February 28 in protest to the reinstatement of the Kawit Battalion, which Luna had disarmed for insubordination during the earlier fighting around Caloocan. During Luna's absence, President Emilio Aguinaldo himself took over the military affairs, for the only time in the whole course of the war. Meanwhile, the Americans, anticipating another counteroffensive from the Filipino side, took their time waiting for reinforcements under General Henry Ware Lawton. These a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March 27
Events Pre-1600 *1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. * 1329 – Pope John XXII issues his ''In Agro Dominico'' condemning some writings of Meister Eckhart as heretical. *1513 – Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León reaches the northern end of The Bahamas on his first voyage to Florida. 1601–1900 *1625 – Charles I becomes King of England, Scotland and Ireland as well as claiming the title King of France. *1638 – The first of four destructive Calabrian earthquakes strikes southern Italy. Measuring magnitude 6.8 and assigned a Mercalli intensity of XI, it kills 10,000–30,000 people. *1782 – The Second Rockingham ministry assumes office in Great Britain and begins negotiations to end the American War of Independence. *1794 – The United States Government establishes a permanent navy and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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