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1880s Establishments In Iran
Year 188 (CLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in the Roman Empire as the Year of the Consulship of Fuscianus and Silanus (or, less frequently, year 941 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 188 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Publius Helvius Pertinax becomes pro-consul of Africa from 188 to 189. Japan * Queen Himiko (or Shingi Waō) begins her reign in Japan (until 248). Births * April 4 – Caracalla (or Antoninus), Roman emperor (d. 217) * Lu Ji (or Gongji), Chinese official and politician (d. 219) * Sun Shao, Chinese general of the Eastern Wu state (d. 241) Deaths * March 17 – Julian, pope and patriarch of Alexandria * Fa Zhen (or Gaoqing), Chinese scholar (b. AD 100) * Lucius Antistius Burrus, Roman politician (executed) * Ma Xiang, Chines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leap Year Starting On Monday
A leap year starting on Monday is any year with 366 days (i.e. it includes 29 February) that begins on Monday, 1 January, and ends on Tuesday, 31 December. Its dominical letters hence are GF. The most recent year of such kind was 1996 and the next one will be 2024 in the Gregorian calendar or, likewise, 2008, and 2036 in the obsolete Julian calendar. Any leap year that starts on Monday, Wednesday or Thursday has two Friday the 13ths: those two in this leap year occur in September and December. Common years starting on Tuesday share this characteristic. In this leap year, Martin Luther King Jr. Day is on its earliest possible date, January 15; Valentine's Day is on a Wednesday; Presidents Day is on February 19; the leap day is on a Thursday; Saint Patrick's Day is on a Sunday; Memorial Day is on May 27, Juneteenth is on a Wednesday; U.S. Independence Day and Halloween are on a Thursday; Thanksgiving is on its latest possible date, November 28; and Christmas Day is on a W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Julian Of Alexandria
Pope Julian (Yulianus) of Alexandria was the 11th Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria. Julian was known as a wise priest, studying the Bible and "walking in the path of chastity and religion and tranquillity". A synod of bishops, together with the laity, in the city of Alexandria, Egypt, appointed him patriarch. He composed homilies and sermons on the saints. The bishop of Alexandria did not remain always in that city, but issued thence secretly, and ordained priests in every place, as Saint Mark, the evangelist, had done. After a reign of ten years, Julian died on the 8th of Paremhat, or on the 12th of Babah. He is commemorated in the Coptic '' Synaxarion'' on the 8th day of Paremhat. References ;General * *Atiya, Aziz S. ''The Coptic Encyclopedia The ''Coptic Encyclopedia'' is an eight-volume work covering the history, theology, language, art, architecture, archeology and hagiography of Coptic Egypt. The encyclopedia was written by over 250 Western and Egyptian contribut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ab Urbe Condita
''Ab urbe condita'' ( 'from the founding of the City'), or ''anno urbis conditae'' (; 'in the year since the city's founding'), abbreviated as AUC or AVC, expresses a date in years since 753 BC, the traditional founding of Rome. It is an expression used in antiquity and by classical historians to refer to a given year in Ancient Rome. In reference to the traditional year of the foundation of Rome, the year 1 BC would be written AUC 753, whereas AD 1 would be AUC 754. The foundation of the Roman Empire in 27 BC would be AUC 727. Usage of the term was more common during the Renaissance, when editors sometimes added AUC to Roman manuscripts they published, giving the false impression that the convention was commonly used in antiquity. In reality, the dominant method of identifying years in Roman times was to name the two consuls who held office that year. In late antiquity, regnal years were also in use, as in Roman Egypt during the Diocletian era after AD 293, and in the B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiongnu
The Xiongnu (, ) were a tribal confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Eurasian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Modu Chanyu, the supreme leader after 209 BC, founded the Xiongnu Empire. After their previous rivals, the Yuezhi, migrated west into Central Asia during the 2nd century BC, the Xiongnu became a dominant power on the steppes of East Asia, centred on the Mongolian Plateau. The Xiongnu were also active in areas now part of Siberia, Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Xinjiang. Their relations with adjacent Chinese dynasties to the south-east were complex—alternating between various periods of peace, war, and subjugation. Ultimately, the Xiongnu were defeated by the Han dynasty in a centuries-long conflict, which led to the confederation splitting in two, and forcible resettlement of large numbers of Xiongnu within Han borders. During the Sixteen Kingdoms era, as one of the "Five B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qiangqui
Qiangqu (; r. 179–188 AD) was the Western Wise Prince, successor to Huzheng, and chanyu of the Southern Xiongnu from 179 to 188 AD. Qiangqu's reign coincided with a troublesome time for the Han Empire, and few records address Chinese relations with the Southern Xiongnu. In 187 AD Qiangqu sent Southern Xiongnu cavalry troops under command of the Eastern Tuqi Prince (Wise Prince, Ch. ''Tuqi'' 屠耆) to aid the governor of Yuzhou province against the former governor, Zhongshan province, Zhang Shun, who had rebelled in alliance with the Xianbei. This caused discontent among the elders, who were alarmed by the frequency with which Qiangqu sent their men off to battle for the Han dynasty. In 188 AD, the Xiuchuge clan rose in rebellion and killed Qiangqu. The title of chanyu went to his son Yufuluo. The Jie branch of the Xiongnu is named after Qiangqu. Later on they created the Later Zhao Jie state led by Shi Le Shi Le (274–17 August 333), courtesy name Shilong, formally E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shusun Tong
Shusun Tong (; died ca 188 BCE) was a Chinese politician and writer who served the Qin and Western Han courts. He is known for organization of the first court worship for the Emperor Gaozu of Han (202 BCE), as well as for the custody over the young crown prince Ying, the future Emperor Hui. His biography is presented in Chapter 99 of ''Shiji'' and Chapter 19 of the ''Book of Han''. According to Martin Kern, he is the best-documented among the Qin "erudites" (''boshi'' 博士, ritual and canonical specialists). After leaving the Qin court, he joined the services of Xiang Liang, Emperor Yi of Chu and Xiang Yu, before surrendering to Liu Bang when the Han armies took Pengcheng in 205 BC. In 195 BC, before his death, Liu Bang thought of changing his crown prince from Liu Ying to Liu Ruyi, son of Consort Qi; Shusun was one of the officials who advised against the change. Characterizing his contribution, ''Shi ji'' (vol. 23, "Book on Rituals") states: "Shusun Tong roughly made some ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Publius Atilius Aebutianus
Publius Atilius Aebutianus (died 188) was a prefect of the Roman imperial bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, during the reign of emperor Commodus, from 185 until his death in 188. Aebutianus acceded to the office upon the execution of his predecessor Sextus Tigidius Perennis. Perennis was removed by the influential freedman and chamberlain of Commodus, Marcus Aurelius Cleander. According to the '' Historia Augusta'', "Commodus Antoninus", Aebutianus was an ally of Lucius Antistius Burrus.''Historia Augusta''6.12/ref> So when Pertinax, so it is said, insinuated to the emperor that Burrus and the proconsul of Asia Gaius Arrius Antoninus Gaius Arrius Antoninus was a Roman senator and jurist active in the last half of the second century AD, who held a number of offices in the emperor's service. The date when he was suffect consul is not attested, but has been estimated to be aro ... were plotting to depose him and replace him with Burrus, Aebutianus was accused as a co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma Xiang
Ma Xiang (died 188) was a self-declared Emperor of China, Yellow Turban rebel, warlord, and bandit leader who lived in the late 2nd century. Although operating after the main Yellow Turban Rebellion had been defeated, Ma proved highly successful in leading a large insurgency in the western Han Empire of China. At the peak of his power, he controlled most of the northern Yi Province before being defeated and killed by Han loyalist Jia Long. Biography Early life According to Chang Qu's ''Chronicles of Huayang'', Ma was born in Liang Province. There, he became a bandit leader, operating alongside Zhao Zhi (趙祗). It is unlikely that Ma had any actual links to the Yellow Turban movement of Zhang Jue in eastern China. When Ma and his forces marched southward into Yi Province, ex-Han army troops of Qiang origin were still engaged in an open rebellion in Liang Province. According to researcher J.M. Farmer, it is possible that Ma had enlisted some Qiang soldiers. Rebellion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Antistius Burrus
Lucius Antistius Burrus Adventus (–188 AD) was a Roman senator who lived in the 2nd century. He was one of the sons-in-law of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius and Faustina the Younger. Burrus originally came from a senatorial family from Thibilis, a town near Hippo Regius in the Africa Province. Although Burrus was born and raised in Thibilis, his family was not of very ancient lineage. He was the son of Quintus Antistius Adventus Aquilinus Postumus and Novia Crispina. His mother is known from an honorific inscription dedicated to her, dating from her husband's governorship of Arabia Petraea. Quintus Antistius Adventus (born around mid-120s), during the rule of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty, served as a successful military tribune, legatus, quaestor, public construction official and governor in various provinces throughout the Roman Empire.Anthony Birley, ''The ''Fasti'' of Roman Britain'', (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981), pp. 129-132 Sometime before the death of Marcus Aurelius, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AD 100
__NOTOC__ AD 100 ( C) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was sometimes referred to as year 853 ''ab urbe condita'', i.e., 853 years since the founding of Rome in 753 B.C. The denomination AD 100 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Emperor Trajan and Sextus Julius Frontinus become Roman Consuls. * Bricks become the primary building material in the Roman Empire. * Pliny the Younger advances to consulship, giving his panegyric on Trajan in the process. * The Roman Army reaches 300,000 soldiers. * Titus Avidius Quietus' rule as governor of Roman Britain ends. * Timgad (Thamugas), a Roman colonial town in North Africa, is founded by Trajan. * Trajan creates a policy intended to restore the former economic supremacy of Italy. * The future em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fa Zhen
Fa Zhen (100–188), courtesy name Gaoqing, art name Xuande Xiansheng, was a reclusive scholar who lived in the Eastern Han dynasty. He was the grandfather of Fa Zheng, a chief adviser to the warlord Liu Bei, who founded the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms era. Family background Fa Zhen's ancestral home was in Mei County (郿縣), Fufeng Commandery (扶風郡), which is in present-day Mei County, Baoji, Shaanxi. His ancestor was Tian Fazhang, who was formally known as King Xiang of the Qi state in the Warring States period. Tian Fazhang's descendants changed their family name from "Tian" to "Fa" after the fall of Qi in 221 BCE. During the reign of Emperor Xuan in the Western Han dynasty, Tian Fazhang's descendants were relocated to the capital province and granted a hereditary official position with an income of 2,000 ''dan'' (石) of grain. Fa Zhen's father, Fa Xiong, served as the Administrator (太守) of Nan Commandery (南郡; around present-day Jingzhou, Hub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandria
Alexandria ( or ; ar, ٱلْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةُ ; grc-gre, Αλεξάνδρεια, Alexándria) is the second largest city in Egypt, and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast. Founded in by Alexander the Great, Alexandria grew rapidly and became a major centre of Hellenic civilisation, eventually replacing Memphis, in present-day Greater Cairo, as Egypt's capital. During the Hellenistic period, it was home to the Lighthouse of Alexandria, which ranked among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, as well as the storied Library of Alexandria. Today, the library is reincarnated in the disc-shaped, ultramodern Bibliotheca Alexandrina. Its 15th-century seafront Qaitbay Citadel is now a museum. Called the "Bride of the Mediterranean" by locals, Alexandria is a popular tourist destination and an important industrial centre due to its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez. The city extends about along the northern coast of Egypt, and is the largest city on t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
