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1874 Transit Of Venus Expedition To Hawaii
The 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii was an astronomical expedition by British scientists to observe the December 8 transit of Venus at three separate observing sites in the Hawaiian Islands, then known as the Sandwich Islands. It was one of five 1874 transit expeditions organized by George Biddell Airy, Astronomer Royal at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. The purpose of the expedition was to obtain an accurate estimate of the astronomical unit (AU), the distance from the Earth to the Sun, by measuring solar parallax. Previous efforts to obtain a precise value of an AU in 1769 had been hampered by the black drop effect. There is a collection of papers relating to this expedition at the Cambridge Digital Library. Background George Biddell Airy began preparations for the expedition in 1869 and procured funds in June of that year. Airy spent 1870–71 acquiring the necessary supplies and equipment. He made George Lyon Tupman, a captain in the Royal Marine Artill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tupman 1874 Honolulu Hawaii Transit Of Venus
Tupman is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kern County, California, United States. Tupman is located west-southwest of Bakersfield, at an elevation of . The population was 161 at the 2010 census, down from 227 at the 2000 census. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land. History In 1920, Standard Oil Company bought the land from Hamer Irwin Tupman and founded the town. The first post office at Tupman opened in 1921. Demographics 2010 At the 2010 census Tupman had a population of 161. The population density was . The racial makeup of Tupman was 149 (92.5%) White, 0 (0.0%) African American, 0 (0.0%) Native American, 0 (0.0%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 2 (1.2%) from other races, and 10 (6.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12 people (7.5%). The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized. There were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waimea, Kauai County, Hawaii
Waimea (literally, "red water" in Hawaiian Language, Hawaiian) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kauai County, Hawaii, Kauai County, Hawaii, Hawaii, United States. The population was 2,057 at the 2010 United States Census, 2020 census. The first Europeans to reach Hawaii landed in Waimea in 1778 (giving rise to Kauai's Tongue-in-cheek, cheeky slogan: "Hawaii's ''Original'' Visitor Destination"). History Original settlers Between 200 and 600 AD, the first settlers arrived in Kaua‘i from the Marquesas Islands. It is not clear why the voyagers sought a new homeland. They brought taro, sweet potato, pigs and fowl, as well as seeds. They were experienced farmers and fishermen, with advanced irrigation techniques that allowed them to thrive on the land. Around 1000 AD, Tahitian explorers arrived in Hawai‘i and conquered the Marquesans. According to Hawaiian legend, the small-in-stature Marquesans were chased into the hills by the Tahitians, and became the "Menehune", thought ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Astronomy
Astronomy is the oldest of the natural sciences, dating back to antiquity, with its origins in the religious, mythological, cosmological, calendrical, and astrological beliefs and practices of prehistory: vestiges of these are still found in astrology, a discipline long interwoven with public and governmental astronomy. It was not completely separated in Europe (see astrology and astronomy) during the Copernican Revolution starting in 1543. In some cultures, astronomical data was used for astrological prognostication. Early history Early cultures identified celestial objects with gods and spirits. They related these objects (and their movements) to phenomena such as rain, drought, seasons, and tides. It is generally believed that the first astronomers were priests, and that they understood celestial objects and events to be manifestations of the divine, hence early astronomy's connection to what is now called astrology. A 32,500-year-old carved ivory mammoth tusk could cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1874 In Science
The year 1874 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy * December 9 – a transit of Venus across the Sun is observed in Muddapur, India, by an astronomical expedition led by Pietro Tacchini Chemistry * Per Teodor Cleve discovers that didymium is in fact two elements, now known as ''neodymium'' and ''praseodymium'' * C. R. Alder Wright synthetizes heroin * Othmar Zeidler synthesises DDT * Carl Schorlemmer publishe ''A Manual of Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds; or, Organic Chemistry'' * Jacobus van 't Hoff and Achille Le Bel independently propose that organic molecular models can be three-dimensional Exploration * February – the ''Challenger'' expedition provides geological evidence for the existence of the continent of Antarctica History of science * John William Draper publishes ''History of the Conflict between Religion and Science'' Mathematics * Georg Cantor's paper, "" ("On a Property of the Collection of All Real Algeb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacific Expeditions
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continents of Asia and Oceania in the west and the Americas in the east. At in area (as defined with a southern Antarctic border), this largest division of the World Ocean—and, in turn, the Hydrosphere, hydrosphere—covers about 46% of Earth's water surface and about 32% of its total surface area, larger than Earth's entire land area combined .Pacific Ocean . ''Encyclopædia Britannica, Britannica Concise.'' 2008: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. The centers of both the Land and water hemispheres, Water Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere, as well as the Pole of inaccessibility#Oceanic pole of ina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transit Of Venus
frameless, upright=0.5 A transit of Venus across the Sun takes place when the planet Venus passes directly between the Sun and a superior planet, becoming visible against (and hence obscuring a small portion of) the solar disk. During a transit, Venus can be seen from Earth as a small black dot moving across the face of the Sun. The duration of such transits is usually several hours (the transit of 2012 lasted 6 hours and 40 minutes). A transit is similar to a solar eclipse by the Moon. While the diameter of Venus is more than three times that of the Moon, Venus appears smaller, and travels more slowly across the face of the Sun, because it is much farther away from Earth. Transits of Venus are among the rarest of predictable astronomical phenomena. They occur in a pattern that generally repeats every 243 years, with pairs of transits eight years apart separated by long gaps of 121.5 years and 105.5 years. The periodicity is a reflection of the fact that the orbital periods ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Kauai
Kauai, () anglicized as Kauai ( ), is geologically the second-oldest of the main Hawaiian Islands (after Niʻihau). With an area of 562.3 square miles (1,456.4 km2), it is the fourth-largest of these islands and the List of islands of the United States by area, 21st largest island in the United States. Nicknamed the Garden Isle, Kauai lies 73 miles (117 km) across the Channels of the Hawaiian Islands#Kaʻieʻie Waho Channel, Kauai Channel, northwest of Oahu, Oahu. This island is the site of Waimea Canyon State Park and the Na Pali Coast State Park. The United States Census Bureau defines Kauai as census tracts 401 through 409 of Kauai County, Hawaii, Kauai County, Hawaii, which comprises all of the county except the islands of Kaʻula, Lehua and Niihau, Niihau. The 2020 United States Census, 2020 United States census population of the island was 73,298. The most populous town is Kapaa, Hawaii, Kapaa. Etymology and language Hawaiian narrative locates the name's origi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Hawaii (island)
The history of Hawaii describes the era of human settlements in the Hawaiian Islands. The islands were first settled by Polynesians sometime between 124 and 1120 AD. Hawaiian civilization was isolated from the rest of the world for at least 500 years. An expedition led by British explorer James Cook is usually considered to be the first group of Europeans to arrive in the Hawaiian Islands, which they did in 1778. However, Spanish historians and some other researchers state that the Spanish captain Ruy López de Villalobos was the first European to see the islands in 1542. The Spanish named these islands "Isla de Mesa, de los Monjes y Desgraciada" (1542), being on the route linking the Philippines with Mexico across the Pacific Ocean, between the ports of Acapulco and Manila, which were both part of New Spain. Within five years after Cook's arrival, European military technology helped Kamehameha I, ruler of the island of Hawaii, conquer and unify the islands for the first time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Honolulu
Honolulu (; ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Hawaii, which is in the Pacific Ocean. It is an Unincorporated area, unincorporated county seat of the Consolidated city-county, consolidated City and County of Honolulu County, Hawaii, Honolulu, situated along the southeast coast of the island of Oahu, Oahu, and is the westernmost and southernmost major U.S. city. Honolulu is Hawaii's main gateway to the world. It is also a major hub for business, finance, hospitality, and military defense in both the state and Oceania. The city is characterized by a mix of various Asian, Western, and Pacific cultures, reflected in its diverse demography, cuisine, and traditions. ''Honolulu'' means "sheltered harbor" or "calm port" in Hawaiian language, Hawaiian; its old name, ''Kou'', roughly encompasses the area from Nuuanu Avenue to Alakea Street and from Hotel Street to Queen Street, which is the heart of the present downtown district. The city's desirability ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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