1861 In Literature

	1861 In Literature This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1861. Events January 5 – The first issue of the '' Weekly Budget'' magazine is published by James Henderson. "North British Weekly Budget", ''Victorian Periodicals'' Retrieved 22 November 2020 January 11 – Thirty-one-year-old John Edward Taylor the younger becomes sole editor and proprietor of the '' Man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	January 5 Events Pre-1600 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 1675 – Battle of Turckheim, Battle of Colmar: The French army beats Brandenburg. 1757 – Louis XV of France survives an assassination attempt by Robert-François Damiens, who becomes the last person to be Capital punishment, executed in France by Hanged, drawn and quartered, drawing and quartering (the traditional form of capital punishment used for regicides). 1781 – American Revolutionary War: Richmond, Virginia, is burned by Kingdom of Great Britain, British Her Majesty's Naval Service, naval forces led by Benedict Arnold. 1822 – The government of Central America votes for Central America under Mexican rule, total annexation to the First Mexican Empire. 1875 – The Palais Garnier, one of the most famous opera houses in the world, is i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	June 29 Events Pre-1600 * 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei. 1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi. 1194 – Sverre is crowned King of Norway, leading to his excommunication by the Catholic Church and civil war. * 1444 – Skanderbeg defeats an Ottoman invasion force at Torvioll. * 1457 – The Dutch city of Dordrecht is devastated by fire 1534 – Jacques Cartier is the first European to reach Prince Edward Island. 1601–1900 1613 – The Globe Theatre in London, built by William Shakespeare playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, burns to the ground. 1620 – English crown bans tobacco growing in England, giving the Virginia Company a monopoly in exchange for tax of one shilling per pound. 1644 – Charles I of England defeats a Parliamentarian detachment at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge. 1659 – At the Battle of Konotop (1659), Battle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	August 3 Events Pre-1600 * 8 – Roman Empire general Tiberius defeats the Dalmatae on the river Bosna. * 435 – Deposed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, is exiled by Roman Emperor Theodosius II to a monastery in Egypt. * 881 – Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu: Louis III of France defeats the Vikings, an event celebrated in the poem ''Ludwigslied''. * 908 – Battle of Eisenach: An invading Hungarian force defeats an East Frankish army under Duke Burchard of Thuringia. * 1031 – Olaf II of Norway is canonized as Saint Olaf by Grimketel, the English Bishop of Selsey. 1057 – Frederik van Lotharingen elected as first Belgian Pope Stephen IX. 1342 – The Siege of Algeciras commences during the Spanish Reconquista. 1492 – Christopher Columbus sets sail from Palos de la Frontera, Spain. 1527 – The first known letter from North America is sent by John Rut while at St. John's, Newfo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Nil Darpan Nil may refer to: * nil (the number zero) Acronyms * NIL (programming language), an implementation of the Lisp programming language * Name, Image and Likeness, a set of rules in the American National Collegiate Athletic Association allowing college athletes to receive payment * Nanoimprint lithography, a method of fabricating nanometer scale patterns * '' Nomina im Indogermanischen Lexikon'' (''"Nominals in the Indo-European Lexicon"''), an etymological dictionary * North Island line, a proposed extension railway of Hong Kong Music * Nil (band), a Japanese rock band * The Nils, a Canadian punk rock band * N.I.L or Non-Intentional Lifeform, an Australian hard rock band (1995–98) Albums * ''Nil'' (album), a 2006 album released by The Gazette * ''Nil Recurring'', a 2007 EP released by Porcupine Tree Songs * "Three Nil", a song by Iowa metal band SlipKnot * "Nil", a song by Canadian punk band Gob * "Nil-Nil-Draw", a Song by Gym Class Heroes * "Nil by Mouth", a song by English ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Dinabandhu Mitra Dinabandhu Mitra (1830 – 1 November 1873) was a Bengali writer and dramatist. He is notable for his play ''Nil Darpan'' (1860). Early life Mitra was born at Chowberia village in Gopalnagar P.S., North 24 Parganas and was the son of Kalachand Mitra. His given name was Gandharva Narayan, but he changed it to Dinabandhu Mitra. His education started at a village pathshala. His father arranged a job for him on a zamindar's estate in 1840. But the small boy fled to Kolkata, where he started working in the house of his uncle, Nilmani Mitra. Around 1846, he was admitted to the free school run by James Long. Dinabandhu was a bright student and won a number of scholarships. In 1850, he enrolled in Hindu College and was awarded scholarships for academic excellence. However, he did not appear in his last examination, and, instead, started working as a postmaster in Patna in 1855. He served in various posts in the Postal Department in Krishnanagar, Nadia, Dhaka and Orissa. In 1870, he was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Calcutta Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , List of renamed places in India#West Bengal, the official name until 2001) is the Capital city, capital of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal, on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary business, commercial, and financial hub of East India, Eastern India and the main port of communication for North-East India. According to the 2011 Indian census, Kolkata is the List of cities in India by population, seventh-most populous city in India, with a population of 45 lakh (4.5 million) residents within the city limits, and a population of over 1.41 crore (14.1 million) residents in the Kolkata metropolitan area, Kolkata Metropolitan Area. It is the List of metropolitan areas in India, third-most populous metropolitan area in India. In 2021, the Kolkata metropolitan area crossed 1.5 crore (15 million) registered voters. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	July 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. * 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade. * 1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle: King Edward I of England takes the stronghold using the War Wolf. 1411 – Battle of Harlaw, one of the bloodiest battles in Scotland, takes place. 1412 – Behnam Hadloyo becomes Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Mardin. * 1487 – Citizens of Leeuwarden, Netherlands, strike against a ban on foreign beer. * 1534 – French explorer Jacques Cartier plants a cross on the Gaspé Peninsula and takes possession of the territory in the name of Francis I of France. * 1567 – Mary, Queen of Scots, is forced to abdicate and be replaced by her one-year-old son James VI. 1601–1900 * 1701 – Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founds the trading post at Fort Pontchartrain, which later becomes the city of Detroit. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	July 19 Events Pre-1600 AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city. 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is recognized in Antioch and makes it his capital. 711 – Umayyad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete: Umayyad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic. 939 – Battle of Simancas: King Ramiro II of León defeats the Moorish army under Caliph Abd-al-Rahman III near the city of Simancas. * 998 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Battle of Apamea: Fatimids defeat a Byzantine army near Apamea. * 1333 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill: The English win a decisive victory over the Scots. * 1544 – Italian War of 1542–46: The first Siege of Boulogne begins. * 1545 – The Tudor warship ''Mary Rose'' sinks off Portsmouth; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged in one of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	The House By The Churchyard ''The House by the Churchyard'' (1863) is a novel by Sheridan Le Fanu that combines elements of the mystery novel and the historical novel. Aside from its own merits, the novel is important as a key source for James Joyce's ''Finnegans Wake''. Plot summary The novel begins with a prologue in the voice of an old man, Charles de Cresseron, that is set in Chapelizod, Ireland, roughly a century after the events of the novel proper. This prologue details how, during an interment at the churchyard of the title, a skull is accidentally unearthed, which bears the marks of two crushing blows to the head and – even more disconcertingly – a small hole from a trepanning. The novel itself is Cresseron's reconstruction of the history related to this grisly item (though by and large his narratorial voice drops out and the novel is told from a conventional omniscient narrator's point of view). The first chapter of the novel proper moves back to 1767, the period of the novel, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Dublin University Magazine The ''Dublin University Magazine'' was an independent literary cultural and political magazine published in Dublin from 1833 to 1882. It started out as a magazine of political commentary but increasingly became devoted to literature. The magazine was published under the title ''The Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Political Journal'' from January 1833 to December 1877 (volumes 1 to 90), then under the title ''The University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review'' with a new series from 1878 to 1880 (volumes 1 to 5), and then under the title ''The University Magazine'' with a quarterly series from 1880 to 1882. Early days The year 1832 had been one of political and ecumenical upheaval: disturbances in Britain led to the Reform Act of that year, the Tithe War was raging in Ireland and the new Whig government was gaining influential supporters in Trinity College Dublin. A number of young men associated with the College, including Isaac Butt, John Anster (translator o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the Ostrogoth king, Totila, is mortally wounded. 1097 – Battle of Dorylaeum: Crusaders led by prince Bohemond of Taranto defeat a Seljuk army led by sultan Kilij Arslan I. 1431 – The Battle of La Higueruela takes place in Granada, leading to a modest advance of the Kingdom of Castile during the Reconquista. * 1520 – Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés fight their way out of Tenochtitlan after nightfall. * 1523 – Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos become the first Lutheran martyrs, burned at the stake by Roman Catholic authorities in Brussels. * 1569 – Union of Lublin: The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania confirm a real union; the united country is called the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]

	1861 In Literature This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1861. Events January 5 – The first issue of the '' Weekly Budget'' magazine is published by James Henderson. "North British Weekly Budget", ''Victorian Periodicals'' Retrieved 22 November 2020 January 11 – Thirty-one-year-old John Edward Taylor the younger becomes sole editor and proprietor of the '' Man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	January 5 Events Pre-1600 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 1675 – Battle of Turckheim, Battle of Colmar: The French army beats Brandenburg. 1757 – Louis XV of France survives an assassination attempt by Robert-François Damiens, who becomes the last person to be Capital punishment, executed in France by Hanged, drawn and quartered, drawing and quartering (the traditional form of capital punishment used for regicides). 1781 – American Revolutionary War: Richmond, Virginia, is burned by Kingdom of Great Britain, British Her Majesty's Naval Service, naval forces led by Benedict Arnold. 1822 – The government of Central America votes for Central America under Mexican rule, total annexation to the First Mexican Empire. 1875 – The Palais Garnier, one of the most famous opera houses in the world, is i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	June 29 Events Pre-1600 * 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei. 1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi. 1194 – Sverre is crowned King of Norway, leading to his excommunication by the Catholic Church and civil war. * 1444 – Skanderbeg defeats an Ottoman invasion force at Torvioll. * 1457 – The Dutch city of Dordrecht is devastated by fire 1534 – Jacques Cartier is the first European to reach Prince Edward Island. 1601–1900 1613 – The Globe Theatre in London, built by William Shakespeare playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, burns to the ground. 1620 – English crown bans tobacco growing in England, giving the Virginia Company a monopoly in exchange for tax of one shilling per pound. 1644 – Charles I of England defeats a Parliamentarian detachment at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge. 1659 – At the Battle of Konotop (1659), Battle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	August 3 Events Pre-1600 * 8 – Roman Empire general Tiberius defeats the Dalmatae on the river Bosna. * 435 – Deposed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, is exiled by Roman Emperor Theodosius II to a monastery in Egypt. * 881 – Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu: Louis III of France defeats the Vikings, an event celebrated in the poem ''Ludwigslied''. * 908 – Battle of Eisenach: An invading Hungarian force defeats an East Frankish army under Duke Burchard of Thuringia. * 1031 – Olaf II of Norway is canonized as Saint Olaf by Grimketel, the English Bishop of Selsey. 1057 – Frederik van Lotharingen elected as first Belgian Pope Stephen IX. 1342 – The Siege of Algeciras commences during the Spanish Reconquista. 1492 – Christopher Columbus sets sail from Palos de la Frontera, Spain. 1527 – The first known letter from North America is sent by John Rut while at St. John's, Newfo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Nil Darpan Nil may refer to: * nil (the number zero) Acronyms * NIL (programming language), an implementation of the Lisp programming language * Name, Image and Likeness, a set of rules in the American National Collegiate Athletic Association allowing college athletes to receive payment * Nanoimprint lithography, a method of fabricating nanometer scale patterns * '' Nomina im Indogermanischen Lexikon'' (''"Nominals in the Indo-European Lexicon"''), an etymological dictionary * North Island line, a proposed extension railway of Hong Kong Music * Nil (band), a Japanese rock band * The Nils, a Canadian punk rock band * N.I.L or Non-Intentional Lifeform, an Australian hard rock band (1995–98) Albums * ''Nil'' (album), a 2006 album released by The Gazette * ''Nil Recurring'', a 2007 EP released by Porcupine Tree Songs * "Three Nil", a song by Iowa metal band SlipKnot * "Nil", a song by Canadian punk band Gob * "Nil-Nil-Draw", a Song by Gym Class Heroes * "Nil by Mouth", a song by English ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Dinabandhu Mitra Dinabandhu Mitra (1830 – 1 November 1873) was a Bengali writer and dramatist. He is notable for his play ''Nil Darpan'' (1860). Early life Mitra was born at Chowberia village in Gopalnagar P.S., North 24 Parganas and was the son of Kalachand Mitra. His given name was Gandharva Narayan, but he changed it to Dinabandhu Mitra. His education started at a village pathshala. His father arranged a job for him on a zamindar's estate in 1840. But the small boy fled to Kolkata, where he started working in the house of his uncle, Nilmani Mitra. Around 1846, he was admitted to the free school run by James Long. Dinabandhu was a bright student and won a number of scholarships. In 1850, he enrolled in Hindu College and was awarded scholarships for academic excellence. However, he did not appear in his last examination, and, instead, started working as a postmaster in Patna in 1855. He served in various posts in the Postal Department in Krishnanagar, Nadia, Dhaka and Orissa. In 1870, he was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Calcutta Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , List of renamed places in India#West Bengal, the official name until 2001) is the Capital city, capital of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal, on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary business, commercial, and financial hub of East India, Eastern India and the main port of communication for North-East India. According to the 2011 Indian census, Kolkata is the List of cities in India by population, seventh-most populous city in India, with a population of 45 lakh (4.5 million) residents within the city limits, and a population of over 1.41 crore (14.1 million) residents in the Kolkata metropolitan area, Kolkata Metropolitan Area. It is the List of metropolitan areas in India, third-most populous metropolitan area in India. In 2021, the Kolkata metropolitan area crossed 1.5 crore (15 million) registered voters. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	July 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. * 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade. * 1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle: King Edward I of England takes the stronghold using the War Wolf. 1411 – Battle of Harlaw, one of the bloodiest battles in Scotland, takes place. 1412 – Behnam Hadloyo becomes Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Mardin. * 1487 – Citizens of Leeuwarden, Netherlands, strike against a ban on foreign beer. * 1534 – French explorer Jacques Cartier plants a cross on the Gaspé Peninsula and takes possession of the territory in the name of Francis I of France. * 1567 – Mary, Queen of Scots, is forced to abdicate and be replaced by her one-year-old son James VI. 1601–1900 * 1701 – Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founds the trading post at Fort Pontchartrain, which later becomes the city of Detroit. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	July 19 Events Pre-1600 AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city. 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is recognized in Antioch and makes it his capital. 711 – Umayyad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete: Umayyad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic. 939 – Battle of Simancas: King Ramiro II of León defeats the Moorish army under Caliph Abd-al-Rahman III near the city of Simancas. * 998 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Battle of Apamea: Fatimids defeat a Byzantine army near Apamea. * 1333 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill: The English win a decisive victory over the Scots. * 1544 – Italian War of 1542–46: The first Siege of Boulogne begins. * 1545 – The Tudor warship ''Mary Rose'' sinks off Portsmouth; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged in one of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	The House By The Churchyard ''The House by the Churchyard'' (1863) is a novel by Sheridan Le Fanu that combines elements of the mystery novel and the historical novel. Aside from its own merits, the novel is important as a key source for James Joyce's ''Finnegans Wake''. Plot summary The novel begins with a prologue in the voice of an old man, Charles de Cresseron, that is set in Chapelizod, Ireland, roughly a century after the events of the novel proper. This prologue details how, during an interment at the churchyard of the title, a skull is accidentally unearthed, which bears the marks of two crushing blows to the head and – even more disconcertingly – a small hole from a trepanning. The novel itself is Cresseron's reconstruction of the history related to this grisly item (though by and large his narratorial voice drops out and the novel is told from a conventional omniscient narrator's point of view). The first chapter of the novel proper moves back to 1767, the period of the novel, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Dublin University Magazine The ''Dublin University Magazine'' was an independent literary cultural and political magazine published in Dublin from 1833 to 1882. It started out as a magazine of political commentary but increasingly became devoted to literature. The magazine was published under the title ''The Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Political Journal'' from January 1833 to December 1877 (volumes 1 to 90), then under the title ''The University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review'' with a new series from 1878 to 1880 (volumes 1 to 5), and then under the title ''The University Magazine'' with a quarterly series from 1880 to 1882. Early days The year 1832 had been one of political and ecumenical upheaval: disturbances in Britain led to the Reform Act of that year, the Tithe War was raging in Ireland and the new Whig government was gaining influential supporters in Trinity College Dublin. A number of young men associated with the College, including Isaac Butt, John Anster (translator o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the Ostrogoth king, Totila, is mortally wounded. 1097 – Battle of Dorylaeum: Crusaders led by prince Bohemond of Taranto defeat a Seljuk army led by sultan Kilij Arslan I. 1431 – The Battle of La Higueruela takes place in Granada, leading to a modest advance of the Kingdom of Castile during the Reconquista. * 1520 – Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés fight their way out of Tenochtitlan after nightfall. * 1523 – Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos become the first Lutheran martyrs, burned at the stake by Roman Catholic authorities in Brussels. * 1569 – Union of Lublin: The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania confirm a real union; the united country is called the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]