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1861 In China
Events from the year 1861 in China. Incumbents * Xianfeng Emperor (12th year) * Tongzhi Emperor ** Regent: Empress Dowager Cixi ** Regent: Prince Gong Events * Nian Rebellion * Taiping Rebellion ** Battle of Guanzhong (1861) ** Battle of Shanghai (1861) ** Battle of Wuhan (1861) ** Ningbo surrenders to Taiping forces * Eulenburg expedition * Miao Rebellion (1854–73) * Panthay Rebellion * Xinyou Coup, Cixi seizes power * Prince Gong made regent ** establishes the Zongli Yamen after the Convention of Peking * Tongzhi Restoration * Self-Strengthening Movement begins Births * Cheng Biguang * Duanfang * Liu Guanxiong * Jiang Chaozong, (江朝宗) ''Kō Kōketsu''; 1861–1943) was a general in the late Empire of China and an acting Premier of the Republic of China in 1917. * Wang Zhanyuan * Zhan Tianyou (Jeme Tien-yow), the father of China’s railroads Deaths * Zaiyuan * Xianfeng Emperor * Sushun * Duanhua Duanhua (Manchu: ''Duwanhūwa''; 1807 – 1861) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the well-attested Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a bureaucratic political system to serve hereditary monarchies, or dyna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convention Of Peking
The Convention of Peking or First Convention of Peking is an agreement comprising three distinct treaties concluded between the Qing dynasty of China and Great Britain, France, and the Russian Empire in 1860. In China, they are regarded as among the unequal treaties. Background On 18 October 1860, at the culmination of the Second Opium War, the British and French troops entered the Forbidden City in Beijing. Following the decisive defeat of the Chinese, Prince Gong was compelled to sign two treaties on behalf of the Qing government with Lord Elgin and Baron Gros, who represented Britain and France respectively.Harris, David. Van Slyke, Lyman P. 000(2000). Of Battle and Beauty: Felice Beato's Photographs of China. University of California Press. Although Russia had not been a belligerent, Prince Gong also signed a treaty with Nikolay Ignatyev. The original plan was to burn down the Forbidden City as punishment for the mistreatment of Anglo-French prisoners by Qing offic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duanhua
Duanhua (Manchu: ''Duwanhūwa''; 1807 – 1861) was a Manchu prince and regent of the Qing dynasty. Life Duanhua was born in the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan as the third son of Ulgungga (烏爾恭阿), a descendant of Jirgalang, a nephew of Nurhaci (the founder of the Qing dynasty). He descended from the Prince Zheng line, one of the "iron-cap" princely peerages of the Qing dynasty. In 1846, he inherited the title "Prince Zheng of the First Rank" from his father. His family was under the Bordered Blue Banner of the Eight Banners. Duanhua rose to prominence during the reign of the Xianfeng Emperor. Because of a scandal involving Grand Councilor Mujangga, Duanhua gained the Xianfeng Emperor's trust as a loyal confidant, and became one of the emperor's closest advisors. Duanhua also recommended his brother, Sushun, to serve in the Qing imperial court. During the Second Opium War, Duanhua accompanied the ailing Xianfeng Emperor to Rehe to escape from the foreign invaders. In 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sushun (Qing Dynasty)
Sushun (Manchu: ''Uksun Sušun''; 26 November 1816 – September 1861), courtesy name Yuting, was a Manchu noble and politician of the Qing dynasty. He was born in the Aisin Gioro clan, the imperial clan of the Qing dynasty, as the sixth son of Ulgungga. Ulgungga was distantly related to the Qing dynasty emperors and was the 12th heir to the Prince Zheng line, one of the "iron-cap" princely peerages of the Qing dynasty. Since the line of Prince Zheng was in charge of the Bordered Blue Banner, Sushun was a member of this banner. Sushun was a supporter of Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang but also characterized by his firm policy against the West. Although Sushun was born into nobility, the size of his family meant that he received little attention during childhood, and little expectation from the family. He was neither well versed in literature nor exceptionally able in martial arts. Sushun became a military general during the late years of the Daoguang Emperor's reign. Following th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaiyuan
Zaiyuan (1816–1861), formally known as Prince Yi (怡), Prince Yi, was a Manchu people, Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty. He was one of the eight regents appointed by the Xianfeng Emperor to assist his successor, the Tongzhi Emperor. Life Zaiyuan was born in the Aisin Gioro clan as a descendant of Yinxiang, Prince Yi, Yinxiang (1686–1730), the 13th son of the Kangxi Emperor. He inherited his ancestors' peerage, "Prince Yi (怡), Prince Yi of the First Rank", in 1852 during the reign of the Daoguang Emperor (r. 1820–50). Zaiyuan took up important positions during the reign of the Xianfeng Emperor (r. 1850–61), including a minister in the Imperial Clan Court and an imperial guard commander. In 1860, during the Second Opium War, Zaiyuan and Muyin (穆蔭) travelled to Tongzhou District, Beijing, Tongzhou to replace Guiliang (桂良) in the peace negotiations with the British and French. When the negotiations failed, the Mongol general Sengge Rinchen captured the British dip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhan Tianyou
Zhan Tianyou/Chan T'ien-yu (; 26 April 1861 – 24 April 1919), or Jeme Tien-Yow as he called himself in English, based on the Cantonese pronunciation, was a pioneering Chinese railroad engineer. Educated in the United States, he was the chief engineer responsible for construction of the Peking-Kalgan Railway (Beijing to Zhangjiakou), the first railway constructed in China without foreign assistance. For his contributions to railroad engineering in China, Zhan is known as the "Father of China's Railroad". Background Zhan was born in Namhoi (Nanhai) county (now Guangzhou) in Guangdong. His family, which had long participated in business and commerce, came from Wuyuan County in Huizhou, Anhui (now in Jiangxi). In 1872, as a twelve-year-old, he was chosen by Qing imperial officials to be sent to the United States as part of the Chinese Educational Mission. Together with thirty boys of similar age, he arrived in Connecticut, United States. After studying at a primary school in New ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Zhanyuan
Wang Zhanyuan () (February 20, 1861 – September 14, 1934) was a Chinese general of the Warlord Era of China's Republican period, whose power base was in Hubei province. Biography In October 1911, during the Xinhai Revolution, he was a colonel and assigned the First Army, which fought against the revolutionaries of the Wuchang Uprising and commanded the 3rd Brigade of the Beiyang Army's 2nd Division. He was among the officers to be awarded the title ''batulu'', which meant "brave warrior" in the Manchu language, soon after the Qing army captured Hankou Hankou, alternately romanized as Hankow (), was one of the three towns (the other two were Wuchang and Hanyang) merged to become modern-day Wuhan city, the capital of the Hubei province, China. It stands north of the Han and Yangtze Rivers whe .... On November 28 Col. Wang was made commander of the 2nd Division, replacing Ma Longbiao, who fell ill. Gallery File:Wang Zhanyuan1.jpg, Wang Zhanyuan in military unif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Premier Of The Republic Of China
The Premier of the Republic of China, officially the President of the Executive Yuan (Chinese language, Chinese: 行政院院長), is the head of the government of the Republic of China of Taiwan and leader of the Executive Yuan. The premier is nominally the principal advisor to the president of the Republic and holds the highest rank in the civil service of the central government. The predecessor of the President of the Executive Yuan was the Prime Minister of the Republic of China, and the first President of the Executive Yuan was Tan Yanqi; the first president after the constitution was Weng Wenhao; and the first president to take office after the government moved to power was Chen Cheng. Currently, the Premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China, President without approval by the Legislative Yuan. The current President of the Executive Yuan is incumbent Su Tseng-chang, who took office in his second term on 14 January 2019 following the resignation of L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empire Of China (1915–1916)
The Empire of China was a short-lived attempt by statesman, general and president Yuan Shikai from late 1915 to early 1916 to reinstate monarchy in China, with himself as the Hongxian Emperor. The attempt was unsuccessful; it set back the Chinese republican cause by many years and fractured China into a period of conflict between various local warlords. Preparations for formation After Yuan Shikai was installed as the second Provisional Great President of the Republic of China established by Sun Yat-sen, he took various steps to consolidate his power and remove opposition leaders from office. Both Sun and Yuan were "modernizers", Sun was a "radical revolutionary", while Yuan was a "conservative reformer". To secure his own power he collaborated with various European powers as well as Japan. Around August 1915, he instructed Yang Du () ''et al.'' to canvass support for a return of the monarchy. On 11 December 1915, an assembly unanimously elected him as Emperor. Yuan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiang Chaozong
Jiang Chaozong (; Hepburn romanization, Hepburn: ''Kō Kōketsu''; 1861–1943) was a general in the late Empire of China (1915–1916), Empire of China and an acting Premier of the Republic of China in 1917. Biography A native of Xuancheng, Anhui, China, Jiang was posted to Taiwan early in his career to serve the Qing governor Liu Mingchuan. However, he was charged with corruption, and was forced to return to the mainland in 1889. He later entered the service of Yuan Shikai and was posted to Nanzheng, Shaanxi, Jiang was contacted by Huang Chaoyong who asked for military help in crushing an uprising by the Gelaohui secret society. The Yang Xian militia leader was then approached by Jiang for assistance. With the start of the Xinhai Revolution, the fled to Beijing, where he was protected by Zhao Bingjun. He rose rapidly through the hierarchy of the Beiyang government, becoming chief of staff of the army, and was also a close confidant of Yuan Shikai. He was on the committee for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liu Guanxiong
Liu Guanxiong (; 1861, Fuzhou, Fujian – 1927, Tianjin) was a Chinese Admiral from the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China who was Navy Minister of China, from 1912 to 1916 and from 1917 to 1919. When he was young he entered the Navy College of Fuzhou and was sent abroad to Britain. He was named Minister of the Navy and Commander-in-Chief upon the founding of the Republic of China. He was also Minister of Education (1913) and Transportation Minister (1912). During Yuan Shikai's rule as Emperor in 1915 he was named a Duke. Liu turned to Duan Qirui Duan Qirui (; ) (March 6, 1865 – November 2, 1936) was a Chinese warlord and politician, a commander of the Beiyang Army and the acting Chief Executive of the Republic of China (in Beijing) from 1924 to 1926. He was also the Premier of the R ... soon after Yuan's death, but the Chinese fleet became fractured and split due to Duan's refusal to validate the abolished Constitution. Gallery External links Index L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duanfang
Duanfang (; 20 April 1861 – 27 November 1911), courtesy name Wuqiao (), was a Manchu politician, educator and collector who lived in the late Qing dynasty. He was a member of the Tohoro () clan and the Plain White Banner of the Eight Banners. Life Duanfang was actually Han Chinese even though he was under a Manchu banner. Some Han Chinese joined Manchu banners directly, instead of joining the separate Han Chinese banners. Han Chinese in the Manchu banners became Manchucized. The Manchu White Banner were joined by some Zhejiang Han Chinese with the family name Tao who defected to the Manchus towards the end of the Ming dynasty. Their last name was changed to the Manchu sounding "Tohoro". Duanfang was one of their descendants. The Manchu bannermen typically used their first/personal name to address themselves and not their last name, while Han bannermen used their last name and first in normal Chinese custom. Duanfang followed the Manchu custom. Duanfang passed the Imperial Exa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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