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1673 In Science
The year 1673 in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics * John Kersey begins publication of ''The Elements of that Mathematical Art Commonly Called Algebra''. * Samuel Morland publishes ''A Perpetual Almanack and Several Useful Tables''. Microbiology * Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's observations with the microscope are first published in ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society''. Physics * Christiaan Huygens publishes his mathematical analysis of the pendulum, ''Horologium Oscillatorium sive de motu pendulorum''. Births * August 10 – Johann Konrad Dippel, German theologian, alchemist and physician (died 1734) Deaths * May 6 – Werner Rolfinck, German scientist (born 1599) * August 17 – Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist who discovered the ovarian follicles (born 1641) * December 15 – Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, English natural philosopher (born 1623 Events January–March * Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that Scientific method, builds and organizes knowledge in the form of Testability, testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 Common Era, BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the Universe, physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of History of science in classical antiquity, Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Werner Rolfinck
Werner Rolfinck (15 November 1599 – 6 May 1673) was a German physician, scientist and botanist. He was a medical student in Leiden, Oxford, Paris, and Padua. Biography Rolfinck earned his master's degree at the University of Wittenberg under Daniel Sennert, and his medical doctorate in 1625 at the University of Padua under the guidance of Adriaan van den Spiegel. In 1629, he became a professor at the University of Jena, where he, along with Paul Marquard Schlegel, rearranged and expanded the university's botanical garden (the Botanischer Garten Jena). His experimental research involved chemical reactions and the biochemistry of metals acquiring him the title of "director of chemical exercises". He rejected the view that other metals could be transformed into gold Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from la, aurum) and atomic number 79. This makes it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. It is a bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1673 In Science
The year 1673 in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics * John Kersey begins publication of ''The Elements of that Mathematical Art Commonly Called Algebra''. * Samuel Morland publishes ''A Perpetual Almanack and Several Useful Tables''. Microbiology * Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's observations with the microscope are first published in ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society''. Physics * Christiaan Huygens publishes his mathematical analysis of the pendulum, ''Horologium Oscillatorium sive de motu pendulorum''. Births * August 10 – Johann Konrad Dippel, German theologian, alchemist and physician (died 1734) Deaths * May 6 – Werner Rolfinck, German scientist (born 1599) * August 17 – Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist who discovered the ovarian follicles (born 1641) * December 15 – Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, English natural philosopher (born 1623 Events January–March * Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1623 In Science
The year 1623 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * July 16 – Great conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn, the closest together the two planets come until 2020. Biology * Apple orchard at Grönsö Manor in Sweden planted; it will still be productive into the 21st century. Psychology * Erotomania is first mentioned in a psychiatric treatise. Technology * Wilhelm Schickard draws a calculating clock on a letter to Kepler. This will be the first of five unsuccessful attempts at designing a ''direct entry'' calculating clock in the 17th century (including the designs of Tito Burattini, Samuel Morland and René Grillet). Births * June 19 – Blaise Pascal, French mathematician and physicist (died 1662) * July 12 – Elizabeth Walker, English pharmacist (died 1690) * August 26 – Johann Sigismund Elsholtz, German naturalist and physician (died 1688) * September 1 – Caspar Schamberger, German surgeon and merchant (died 1706) * September 23 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Philosopher
Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin ''philosophia naturalis'') is the philosophical study of physics, that is, nature and the physical universe. It was dominant before the development of modern science. From the ancient world (at least since Aristotle) until the 19th century, ''natural philosophy'' was the common term for the study of physics (nature), a broad term that included botany, zoology, anthropology, and chemistry as well as what we now call physics. It was in the 19th century that the concept of science received its modern shape, with different subjects within science emerging, such as astronomy, biology, and physics. Institutions and communities devoted to science were founded. Isaac Newton's book ''Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica'' (1687) (English: ''Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy'') reflects the use of the term ''natural philosophy'' in the 17th century. Even in the 19th century, the work that helped define much of m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English People
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language, a West Germanic language, and share a common history and culture. The English identity is of Anglo-Saxon origin, when they were known in Old English as the ('race or tribe of the Angles'). Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD. The English largely descend from two main historical population groups the West Germanic tribes (the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians) who settled in southern Britain following the withdrawal of the Romans, and the partially Romanised Celtic Britons already living there.Martiniano, R., Caffell, A., Holst, M. et al. Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons. Nat Commun 7, 10326 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10326 Collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons, they founded what was to become the Kingdom of England by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margaret Cavendish, Duchess Of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Margaret Lucas Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1623 – 15 December 1673) was an English philosopher, poet, scientist, fiction writer and playwright. Her husband, William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, was Royalist commander in Northern England during the First English Civil War and in 1644 went into self-imposed exile in France. Margaret accompanied him and remained abroad until the Stuart Restoration in 1660. She wrote in her own name in a period when most women writers remained anonymous. Background Born Margaret Lucas to Sir Thomas Lucas (1573–1625) and Elizabeth Leighton (died 1647), she was the youngest child of the family. She had four sisters and three brothers, the royalists Sir John Lucas, Sir Thomas Lucas and Sir Charles Lucas, who owned the manor of St John's Abbey, Colchester. She became an attendant on Queen Henrietta Maria and travelled with her into exile in France, living for a time at the court of the young King Louis XIV. She ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1641 In Science
The year 1641 in science and technology involved some significant events. Medicine * Nicolaes Tulp's '' Observationes Medicae'' is published in Amsterdam. Technology * The sealed thermometer is developed with Ferdinand II, Grand Duke of Tuscany, using a glass tube containing alcohol, which freezes well below the freezing point of water. * Samuel Winslow is granted the first patent in North America by the Massachusetts General Court for a new saltmaking process. Births * March – Menno van Coehoorn, Dutch military engineer (died 1704) * July 30 – Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist who discovered the ovarian follicles, which were later named Graafian follicles (died 1673) * September 26 – Nehemiah Grew, English botanist and physician who made some of the early microscopical observations of plants (died 1712) Deaths * January 3 – Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer (born 1618) * March 8 – Xu Xiake, Chinese explorer and geographer (born 1587) * July 5 †... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ovarian Follicle
An ovarian follicle is a roughly spheroid cellular aggregation set found in the ovaries. It secretes hormones that influence stages of the menstrual cycle. At the time of puberty, women have approximately 200,000 to 300,000 follicles, each with the potential to release an egg cell (ovum) at ovulation for fertilization. These eggs are developed once every menstrual cycle with around 450–500 being ovulated during a woman's reproductive lifetime. Structure Ovarian follicles are the basic units of female reproductive biology. Each of them contains a single oocyte (immature ovum or egg cell). These structures are periodically initiated to grow and develop, culminating in ovulation of usually a single competent oocyte in humans. They also consist of granulosa cells and theca of follicle. Oocyte Once a month, one of the ovaries releases a mature egg (ovum), known as an oocyte. The nucleus of such an oocyte is called a '' germinal vesicle (see picture).'' Cumulus oophorus C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatomy
Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental biology, embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated, both over immediate and long-term timescales. Anatomy and physiology, which study the structure and function of organisms and their parts respectively, make a natural pair of related disciplines, and are often studied together. Human anatomy is one of the essential basic sciences that are applied in medicine. The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic and microscopic. Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy, is the examination of an animal's body parts using unaided eyesight. Gross anatomy also includes the br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netherlands
) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherlands , established_title2 = Act of Abjuration , established_date2 = 26 July 1581 , established_title3 = Peace of Münster , established_date3 = 30 January 1648 , established_title4 = Kingdom established , established_date4 = 16 March 1815 , established_title5 = Liberation Day , established_date5 = 5 May 1945 , established_title6 = Kingdom Charter , established_date6 = 15 December 1954 , established_title7 = Caribbean reorganisation , established_date7 = 10 October 2010 , official_languages = Dutch , languages_type = Regional languages , languages_sub = yes , languages = , languages2_type = Recognised languages , languages2_sub = yes , languages2 = , demonym = Dutch , capital = Amsterdam , largest_city = capital , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regnier De Graaf
Regnier de Graaf (English spelling), original Dutch spelling Reinier de Graaf, or Latinized Reijnerus de Graeff (30 July 164117 August 1673) was a Dutch physician, physiologist and anatomist who made key discoveries in reproductive biology. He specialized in iatrochemistry and iatrogenesis, and was the first to develop a syringe to inject dye into human reproductive organs so that he could understand their structure and function. Biography De Graaf was born in Schoonhoven as the son of an carpenter/engineer or architect and studied medicine in Leuven (1658), Utrecht and Leiden (1663).https://www.ntvg.nl/system/files/publications/1974107890001a.pdf There his co-students were Jan Swammerdam, Niels Stensen, Ole Borch and Frederik Ruysch, cooperating with professor Franciscus Sylvius, Johannes van Horne and Lucas Schacht. All of them were interested in the organs of procreation and influenced by Rene Descartes' iatrophysical approach. He submitted his doctoral thesis on t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
