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1632 In Sweden
Events from the year 1632 in Sweden. Incumbents * Monarch – Gustaf II Adolf then Christina Events * Foundation of the Rudbeckii flickskola, the first school for girls.Johannes Rudbeckius, urn:sbl:6999, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Erland Sellberg), hämtad 2014-02-26. * March – Thirty Years' War – Gustaf II Adolf of Sweden, invades Bavaria with his army. * April 15 – Thirty Years' War – Gustaf II Adolf defeats Tilly for the second time within a year at the Battle of Rain. Tilly is severely wounded during the battle. * May – Thirty Years' War – Munich, capital of Bavaria, is captured by the Swedish army. * September 9 – Thirty Years' War – Besieged by Wallenstein at Nuremberg, Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus attempts to break the siege, but is defeated in the Battle of the Alte Veste. * October 15 – Official opening of the University of Tartu in Swedish Livonia. * November 6 – Thirty Years' War – Battle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Lutzen
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and Battle of Stalingrad, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of The Alte Veste
The Battle of the Alte Veste was a significant battle of the Thirty Years' War. Background In the late summer of 1632 the army of Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus met Albrecht von Wallenstein near Nürnberg. The successes of Gustavus Adolphus over General Tilly forced Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II to recall Albrecht von Wallenstein into military service from retirement. Wallenstein was unmatched in his ability to raise troops, and within a few weeks he took to the field with a fresh army. The Imperial Army's ranks swelled as Wallenstein moved to stop the Swedes' advance at Nuremberg. Repeatedly, Gustav Adolf formed for battle and challenged Wallenstein to come out of his fortified camp, but was refused. As the supply situation continued to worsen, the impetuous King grew desperate. Battle Gustavus Adolphus attacked the Imperial camp at the Alte Veste (or "Old Fortress")—a derelict castle situated atop a wooded hill. Its ownership would then allow the Swedish guns to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erik Benzelius The Elder
Erik Benzelius (the Elder) (16 December 1632 – 17 February 1709) was a Swedish theologian and Archbishop of Uppsala. Benzelius was born at the Bentseby farm in the parish of Luleå in northern Sweden, son of the farmer and lay assessor (''nämndeman'') Henrik Jakobsson. He took a family name derived from his birthplace, rather than using the patronymic as was common in the Swedish peasantry. He was raised by a relative who was a merchant in Uppsala, and studied at Uppsala University, where he completed his ''filosofie magister'' degree in 1661. He was hired by Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie as a tutor for his sons in 1660 and accompanied one of them on a foreign journey stretching from 1663 to 1665, visiting Copenhagen, the most important universities of Germany, and continuing to Paris, London, Oxford, and Leiden. Returning to Uppsala, he was appointed professor extraordinary of history and moral philosophy in 1665, of theology in 1666, and 1670 ordinary professor of theolog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1689 In Sweden
Events from the year 1689 in Sweden Incumbents * Monarch – Charles XI Events * - The Riksdag of the Estates grant the monarch the right to taxation during war. * - Opposition from the Riksdag to the monarch is deemed Lèse-majesté. * - ''Helicons Blomster'' by Lasse Lucidor. * - Husqvarna Group if founded. * - Alliance between Sweden and Lüneburg toward Denmark. * * Births * - Lars Gathenhielm, pirate and royal privateer (died 1718) * unknown - Margareta Gyllenstierna, politically active countess (died 1740) * * * Deaths * 24 February - Elsa Elisabeth Brahe, duchess (born 1632) * - Christina, Queen of Sweden, former monarch (born 1626) * - Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg, duke (born 1629 Events January–March * January 7– Henry Frederick, Hereditary Prince of the Palatinate, the 15-year-old son of the German Palatinate elector, Frederick V, drowns in an accident while sailing to Amsterdam. * January 19&nd ...) Referen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elsa Elisabeth Brahe
Elsa Elisabeth Brahe (29 January 1632 – 24 February 1689), was a Swedish countess and duchess, married to Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg, Duke of Stegeborg, the brother of king Charles X of Sweden. Life She was the daughter of count Nils Brahe and Anna Margareta Bielke (1603-1643). She married firstly to Count Erik Axelsson Oxenstierna, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden in 1654-1656, and the son of Axel Oxenstierna. The marriage took place in 1648. This marriage was said to have been arranged partially to eradicate the potentially difficult that could otherwise disturb the power balance among the noble fractions at court caused by the highly controversial love match between her relative Margareta Brahe and her brother-in-law Johan Oxenstierna.Wilhelmina Stålberg: Anteqningar om Svenska kvinnor (Notes on Swedish women) (Swedish) She was widowed in 1656. In 1661, she married secondly to Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg, Duke of Stegeborg, the paternal uncle of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catharina Stopia
Catharina Stopia (died after 2 April 1657) was the first female diplomat in Sweden, and Sweden's first ambassador to Russia during her tenure in office 1632–1634. Stopia's father was the city doctor of Riga, Zacharias Stopius. In 1620, she married , who was ennobled Liljenhagen and appointed as ambassador of Sweden to Russia in 1630. Stopia (as was still common in Sweden at the time, she would not have used the name of her spouse) accompanied him to his office in Moscow. When Johan Möller died in 1632, Stopia was officially credited by the ''riksråd Riksrådet (in Norwegian and Swedish), Rigsrådet (in Danish) or (English: the Council of the Realm and the Council of the State – sometimes translated as the "Privy Council") is the name of the councils of the Scandinavian countries that rule ...'' to continue with the work of her late spouse and fill the position of his office as ambassador. During her tenure, she successfully completed a negotiation regarding the trade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Axel Oxenstierna
Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna af Södermöre (; 1583–1654), Count of Södermöre, was a Swedish statesman. He became a member of the Swedish Privy Council in 1609 and served as Lord High Chancellor of Sweden from 1612 until his death. He was a confidant of King Gustavus Adolphus and then Queen Christina, of whom he was at first regent. Oxenstierna is widely considered one of the most influential people in Swedish history. He played an important role during the Thirty Years' War and was appointed Governor-General of occupied Prussia; he is also credited for having laid the foundations of the modern central administrative structure of the State, including the creation of Counties of Sweden, counties ( sv, län). Early life and education Oxenstierna was born on 16 June 1583, at Enköping Municipality, Fånö in Uppland, the son of Gustaf Gabrielsson Oxenstierna (1551–1597) and Barbro Axelsdotter Bielke (1556–1624), as the oldest of nine siblings. His parents belonged to the a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christina Of Sweden
Christina ( sv, Kristina, 18 December ( New Style) 1626 – 19 April 1689), a member of the House of Vasa, was Queen of Sweden in her own right from 1632 until her abdication in 1654. She succeeded her father Gustavus Adolphus upon his death at the Battle of Lützen in 1632, but began ruling the Swedish Empire when she reached the age of eighteen in 1644. The Swedish queen is remembered as one of the most learned women of the 17th century. She was fond of books, manuscripts, paintings, and sculptures. With her interest in religion, philosophy, mathematics, and alchemy, she attracted many scientists to Stockholm, wanting the city to become the " Athens of the North". The Peace of Westphalia allowed her to establish an academy or university when and wherever she wanted. In 1644, she began issuing copper in lumps as large as fifteen kilograms to serve as currency. Christina's financial extravagance brought the state to the verge of bankruptcy, and the financial difficulties c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustavus Adolphus
Gustavus Adolphus (9 December Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">N.S_19_December.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="/nowiki>Old Style and New Style dates">N.S 19 December">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="/nowiki>Old Style and New Style dates">N.S 19 December15946 November Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="/nowiki>Old Style and New Style dates">N.S 16 November] 1632), also known in English as Gustav II Adolf or Gustav II Adolph, was King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632, and is credited for the rise of Swedish Empire, Sweden as a great European power ( sv, Stormaktstiden). During his reign, Sweden became one of the primary military forces in Europe during the Thirty Years' War, helping to determine the political and religious balance of power in Europe. He was formally and posthumously given the name Gustavus Adolphus the Great ( sv, Gustav Adolf den store; la, Gustavus Adolphus Magnus) by the Riksdag of the Estates in 1634. He is often ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saxony
Saxony (german: Sachsen ; Upper Saxon: ''Saggsn''; hsb, Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (german: Freistaat Sachsen, links=no ; Upper Saxon: ''Freischdaad Saggsn''; hsb, Swobodny stat Sakska, links=no), is a landlocked state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland and the Czech Republic. Its capital is Dresden, and its largest city is Leipzig. Saxony is the tenth largest of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of , and the sixth most populous, with more than 4 million inhabitants. The term Saxony has been in use for more than a millennium. It was used for the medieval Duchy of Saxony, the Electorate of Saxony of the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Saxony, and twice for a republic. The first Free State of Saxony was established in 1918 as a constituent state of the Weimar Republic. After World War II, it was under Soviet occupation before it became part of the communist East Ger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Lützen (1632)
The Battle of Lützen, fought on 16 November 1632, is considered one of the most important battles of the Thirty Years War. A combined Swedish Empire, Swedish-German army led by Gustavus Adolphus narrowly defeated an Habsburg monarchy, Imperial force under Albrecht von Wallenstein. Both sides suffered heavy casualties, with Gustavus among the dead. The first part of the battle featured a series of frontal attacks by the Swedes, which nearly succeeded before being repulsed by Imperial cavalry under Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim, Pappenheim. Gustavus was killed trying to reform his shattered infantry, but his subordinates rallied their men and supported by close range artillery fire overran the Imperial centre just before nightfall. Wallenstein withdrew in good order although he abandoned his wounded, many of his guns and most of his supply train. Despite the loss of their king, the Swedes continued the war under the direction of Axel Oxenstierna and formed the He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
November 16
Events Pre-1600 * 951 – Emperor Li Jing sends a Southern Tang expeditionary force of 10,000 men under Bian Hao to conquer Chu. Li Jing removes the ruling family to his own capital in Nanjing, ending the Chu Kingdom. *1272 – While travelling during the Ninth Crusade, Prince Edward becomes King of England upon Henry III of England's death, but he will not return to England for nearly two years to assume the throne. * 1491 – An auto-da-fé, held in the Brasero de la Dehesa outside of Ávila, concludes the case of the Holy Child of La Guardia with the public execution of several Jewish and converso suspects. *1532 – Francisco Pizarro and his men capture Inca Emperor Atahualpa at the Battle of Cajamarca. 1601–1900 *1632 – King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden was killed at the Battle of Lützen during the Thirty Years' War. *1776 – American Revolutionary War: British and Hessian units capture Fort Washington from the Patriots. *1793 &ndas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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