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1561 In Science
The year 1561 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Cartography and navigation * Bartolomeu Velho produces a '' Carta General do Orbe'' for Sebastian of Portugal. * Richard Eden translates Martín Cortés de Albacar's ''Arte de navigar'' as ''The Arte of Navigation'' which becomes the first manual of navigation in English. Medicine and physiology * Gabriele Falloppio publishes ''Observationes anatomicae'' in Venice, the only work of his printed during his lifetime. * Ambroise Paré publishes ''Anatomie universelle du corps humain'' and ''La méthode curative des playes et fractures de la test humaine'' in Paris. * Smallpox epidemic in Chile. Births * January 6 – Thomas Fincke, Danish mathematician (died 1656) * January 22 – Francis Bacon, English philosopher of science (died 1626) * March 29 – Sanctorius, Istrian physiologist (died 1636) * August 4 – John Harington, English inventor (died 1612) * August 24 – Bartholomaeu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Fincke
Thomas Fincke (6 January 1561 – 24 April 1656) was a Danish mathematician and physicist, and a professor at the University of Copenhagen for more than 60 years. Biography Thomas Jacobsen Fincke was born in Flensburg in Schleswig. Fincke was the son of Councillor Jacob Fincke and Anna Thorsmede. He completed his primary schooling at Flensburg. From 1577, he studied mathematics, rhetoric and other philosophical studies for five years at the University of Strasbourg. Fincke's lasting achievement is found in his book ''Geometria rotundi'' (1583), in which he introduced the modern names of the trigonometric functions tangent and secant. In 1590, he became professor of mathematics at the University of Copenhagen. In 1603 he also obtained a professorship in medicine. Personal life He was married to Ivaria Jungesdatter Ivers (1574-1614). His son Jacob Fincke (1592-1663) was a professor of physics. His daughters married scientist Caspar Bartholin the Elder (1585–1629), botani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1612 In Science
The year 1612 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * The first description of the Andromeda Galaxy based on observations by telescope is given by Simon Marius. * December 28 – Galileo Galilei, Galileo observes the planet Neptune for the first time when it is in astronomical conjunction, conjunction with Jupiter, but mistakenly catalogues it as a fixed star because of its extremely slow motion along the ecliptic, and it will not be properly identified until 1846 in science, 1846. Medicine * Santorio Sanctorius puts the thermometer to medical use. Births * ''approx. date'' – William Gascoigne (scientist), William Gascoigne, English inventor (died 1644 in science, 1644) Deaths * February – John Gerard, English herbalist (born c. 1545 in science, 1545) * February 6 – Christopher Clavius, German mathematician and astronomer (born 1537 in science, 1537) * February 12 – Jodocus Hondius, Flemish people, Flemish cartographer (born 1563 in s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Harington (inventor)
Sir John Harington (4 August 1561 – 20 November 1612), of Kelston, Somerset, England, but baptised in London, was an English courtier, author and translator popularly known as the inventor of the flush toilet. He became prominent at Queen Elizabeth I's court, and was known as her "saucy Godson", but his poetry and other writings caused him to fall in and out of favour with the Queen. The description of a flush-toilet forerunner installed in his Kelston house appears in ''A New Discourse of a Stale Subject, called the Metamorphosis of Ajax'' (1596), a political allegory and coded attack on the monarchy, which is nowadays his best-known work. Early life and family Harington was born in Kelston, Somerset, England, the son of John Harington of Kelston, a poet, and his second wife Isabella Markham, a gentlewoman of Queen Elizabeth I's privy chamber. He was honoured as a godson of the childless Elizabeth, one of 102. He was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge. Harin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1636 In Science
The year 1636 in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics * Pierre de Fermat begins to circulate his work in analytic geometry in manuscript. * Muhammad Baqir Yazdi and René Descartes independently discover the pair of amicable numbers 9,363,584 and 9,437,056. Physics * Marin Mersenne publishes his '' Traité de l'harmonie universelle'', containing Mersenne's laws describing the frequency of oscillation of a stretched string. Publications * Daniel Schwenter publishes ''Delicia Physic-Mathematicae'', including a description of a quill pen with an ink reservoir. Births * Father Jacques Marquette, French explorer (died 1675) * December 26 – Justine Siegemund, German midwife (died 1705) Deaths * February 22 – Sanctorius, Italian physiologist (born 1561) * Louise Bourgeois Boursier, French Royal midwife (born 1563) * Michal Sedziwój, Polish alchemist (born 1566 __NOTOC__ Year 1566 ( MDLXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physiologist
Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical and physical functions in a living system. According to the classes of organisms, the field can be divided into medical physiology, animal physiology, plant physiology, cell physiology, and comparative physiology. Central to physiological functioning are biophysical and biochemical processes, homeostatic control mechanisms, and communication between cells. ''Physiological state'' is the condition of normal function. In contrast, ''pathological state'' refers to abnormal conditions, including human diseases. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for exceptional scientific achievements in physiology related to the field of medicine. Foundations Cells Although there are difference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slovenian Istria
Slovene Istria ( sl, slovenska Istra, it, Istria slovena) is a region in southwest Slovenia. It comprises the northern part of the Istrian peninsula, and it is part of the wider geographical-historical region known as the Slovene Littoral. Its largest urban center is Koper. Other large settlements are Izola, Piran, and Portorož. The entire region has around 120 settlements. In its coastal area, both Slovene and Italian are official languages. The Slovene Riviera ( sl, Slovenska obala) is located in Slovene Istria; both terms are sometimes used interchangeably, especially in the media, although Slovene Istria includes a wider geographical area. History The Istrian peninsula was known to Romans as the ''terra magica''. Its name is derived from the Histri, an Illyrian tribe whom the geographer Strabo stated lived in the region. Romans described them as pirates who were hard to conquer due to the difficulty of navigating their territory. After two military campaigns, Roman l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanctorius
Santorio Santori (29 March, 1561 – 25 February, 1636) also called Santorio Santorio, Santorio de' Sanctoriis, or Sanctorius of Padua and various combinations of these names, was an Italian physiologist, physician, and professor, who introduced the quantitative approach into the life sciences and is considered the father of modern quantitative experimentation in medicine. He is also known as the inventor of several medical devices. His work ''De Statica Medicina'', written in 1614, saw many publications and influenced generations of physicians. Life Santorio was born on 29 March, 1561, in Capodistria, in the Venetian part of Istria (today in Slovenia). Santorio's mother, Elisabetta Cordonia, was a noblewoman from an Istrian family. Santorio's father, Antonio, was a nobleman from Friuli working for the Venetian Republic as chief of ordinance of the city. He was educated in his home town and continued his studies in Venice before he entered the University of Padua in 1575, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1626 In Science
The year 1626 in science and technology involved some significant events. Physiology and medicine * Posthumous publication of Adriaan van den Spiegel's ''De formato foetu'' in Venice with illustrations by Giulio Casserio and including the first observation of milk in female breasts at birth. Technology * Cornelius Vermuyden commissioned to drain Hatfield Chase on the Isle of Axholme in Lincolnshire, England. Births * February 18 or 19 – Francesco Redi, Italian physician, biologist and poet (died 1697) * March 1 – Jean-Baptiste de La Quintinie, French horticulturalist (died 1688) * April 7 – Ole Borch (), Danish chemist, physician, grammarian and poet (died 1690) * ''approx. date'' – Pietro Mengoli, Italian mathematician (died 1686) Deaths * February 11 – Pietro Cataldi, Italian mathematician (born 1548) * April 9 – Francis Bacon, English philosopher and a founder of modern scientific research (born 1561) * April 11 – Marin Getaldić or Ghetaldi, Ragusan politicia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philosopher Of Science
A philosopher is a person who practices or investigates philosophy. The term ''philosopher'' comes from the grc, φιλόσοφος, , translit=philosophos, meaning 'lover of wisdom'. The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras (6th century BCE).. In the Classics, classical sense, a philosopher was someone who lived according to a certain way of life, focusing upon resolving Meaning of life, existential questions about the human condition; it was not necessary that they discoursed upon Theory, theories or commented upon authors. Those who most arduously committed themselves to this lifestyle would have been considered ''philosophers''. In a modern sense, a philosopher is an intellectual who contributes to one or more branches of philosophy, such as aesthetics, ethics, epistemology, philosophy of science, logic, metaphysics, social theory, philosophy of religion, and political philosophy. A philosopher may also be someone who has worked in the hum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English People
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language in England, English language, a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language, and share a common history and culture. The English identity is of History of Anglo-Saxon England, Anglo-Saxon origin, when they were known in Old English as the ('race or tribe of the Angles'). Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD. The English largely descend from two main historical population groups the West Germanic tribes (the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians) who settled in southern Britain following the withdrawal of the Ancient Rome, Romans, and the Romano-British culture, partially Romanised Celtic Britons already living there.Martiniano, R., Caffell, A., Holst, M. et al. Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons. Nat Commun 7, 10326 (2016). https://doi.org/10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis Bacon (philosopher)
Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban (; 22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626), also known as Lord Verulam, was an English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. Bacon led the advancement of both natural philosophy and the scientific method and his works remained influential even in the late stages of the Scientific Revolution. Bacon has been called the father of empiricism. He argued for the possibility of scientific knowledge based only upon inductive reasoning and careful observation of events in nature. He believed that science could be achieved by the use of a sceptical and methodical approach whereby scientists aim to avoid misleading themselves. Although his most specific proposals about such a method, the Baconian method, did not have long-lasting influence, the general idea of the importance and possibility of a sceptical methodology makes Bacon one of the later founders of the scientific method. His portion of the metho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
