1264 In Poetry
Events *''Gaia, pastorela'', a ''pastorela'' by Guiraut Riquier, composed Births Deaths * Gonzalo de Berceo (born 1190), Spanish poet especially on religious themes 13th-century poetry Poetry Poetry (derived from the Greek ''poiesis'', "making"), also called verse, is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language − such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre − to evoke meanings i ...

Pastorela
The ''pastorela'' (, "little/young shepherdess") was an Occitan lyric genre used by the troubadours. It gave rise to the Old French ''pastourelle''. The central topic was always the meeting of a knight with a shepherdess, which could lead to any of a number of possible conclusions. They were usually humorous pieces. The genre was allegedly invented by Cercamon, whose examples do not survive, and was most famously taken up by his (alleged) pupil Marcabru Marcabru (; floruit, fl. 1130–1150) is one of the earliest troubadours whose poems are known. There is no certain information about him; the two ''vida (Occitan literary form), vidas'' attached to his poems tell different stories, and both are e .... Table of ''pastorelas'' Only a few pastorelas have survived; Audiau counts 24 "true" Old Occitan examples, mentioning 10 others which resemble them but belong to other genres and one which is a translation from French. Zemp reduces this number further, to 17. Notes References ...
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Guiraut Riquier
Guiraut Riquier de Narbona ( 1230 in Narbonne – 1292 in Narbonne or Rodez) is among the last of the Occitan troubadours. He is well known because of his great care in writing out his works and keeping them together—the New Grove Encyclopedia considers him an "anthologist" of his own works. He served under Aimery IV, Viscount of Narbonne,Elizabeth Aubrey, ''The Music of the Troubadours'', (Indiana University Press, 1996), 24. as well as Alfonso el Sabio, King of Castile. He is also believed to have worked under Henry II, Count of Rodez. He composed a ''partimen'' with the Jewish troubadour Bonfilh Bonfilh's stanzas (2, 6 and 8) Guiraut, I sing to make my heart rejoice And for love of one who keeps me happy, And because I like honor and joy and youth; But I'd never sing only for money, Nor do I seek it; I'd rather give it to you, For I give .... He invented the genre of the '' serena'' (evening song). Works *Guiraut Riquier: ''Humils, forfaitz, repres e penedens...'' in Di ...
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Gonzalo De Berceo
Gonzalo de Berceo (ca. 1197 – before 1264) was a Castilian Spanish poet born in the Riojan village of Berceo, close to the major Benedictine monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla. He is celebrated for his poems on religious subjects, written in a style of verse which has been called Mester de Clerecía, shared with more secular productions such as the ''Libro de Alexandre'', the '' Libro de Apolonio''. He is considered the first Castilian poet known by name. Gonzalo is recorded as being a deacon in his home parish in the early 1220s, and as a priest from 1237 on. It has been surmised that he may have studied in the nascent university of Palencia, and may have served in the curia of the bishop of Calahorra. He wrote devotional and theological works. The devotional may be divided into two sub-sections: the Marian (the long ''Milagros de Nuestra Señora'' ( Miracles of Our Lady - perhaps influenced by Gautier de Coincy), the ''Duelo de la Virgen'' (the Mourning of the Virgin, a ...
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1190 In Poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). Events 1195: *Folquet de Marselha gives up poetry to take up the religious life 1197: * Salh d'Escola enters a cloister in Bergerac and gives up composing 1198: * Bertran de Born's last datable poem 1199: *Gaucelm Faidit composes a ''planh'' on the death of Richard I of England Works published 1190: * Probable approx. date of ''The Tale of Igor's Campaign'' ( Old Ukrainian: , ''Slovo o pŭlku Igorevě'') 1192: * Approx. date of ''Layla and Majnun'' by Nezami Births Death years link to the corresponding "earin poetry" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1190: * Gonzalo de Berceo (died 1264), Spanish poet especially on religious themes * Pietro della Vigna (died 1249), Italian jurist, diplomat, poet, and sonne ...
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13th-century Poetry
The 13th century was the century which lasted from January 1, 1201 ( MCCI) through December 31, 1300 ( MCCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan, which stretched from Eastern Asia to Eastern Europe. The conquests of Hulagu Khan and other Mongol invasions changed the course of the Muslim world, most notably the Siege of Baghdad (1258), the destruction of the House of Wisdom and the weakening of the Mamluks and Rums which, according to historians, caused the decline of the Islamic Golden Age. Other Muslim powers such as the Mali Empire and Delhi Sultanate conquered large parts of West Africa and the Indian subcontinent, while Buddhism witnessed a decline through the conquest led by Bakhtiyar Khilji. The Southern Song dynasty would begin the century as a prosperous kingdom but would eventually be invaded and annexed into the Yuan dynasty of the Mongols. The Kamakura Shogunate of Japan would be invaded by the Mongols. Goryeo resisted ...
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