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普洱茶
''Pu'er'' or ''pu-erh'' is a variety of fermented tea traditionally produced in Yunnan Province, China. In the context of traditional Chinese tea production terminology, fermentation refers to microbial fermentation (called 'wet piling'), and is typically applied after the tea leaves have been sufficiently dried and rolled. As the tea undergoes controlled microbial fermentation, it also continues to oxidize, which is also controlled, until the desired flavors are reached. This process produces tea known as 黑茶 ''hēichá'' (lit. 'black tea') (which is different from the English-language '' black tea'' that is called 红茶 ''hóngchá'' (lit. 'red tea') in Chinese). Pu'er falls under a larger category of fermented teas commonly translated as ''dark teas''. Two main styles of pu'er production exist: a traditional, longer production process known as ''shēng'' (''raw'') pu'er; and a modern, accelerated production process known as ''shóu'' (''ripe'') pu'er. Pu'er traditio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pu-erh Factory
''Pu'er'' or ''pu-erh'' is a variety of fermented tea traditionally produced in Yunnan Province, China. In the context of traditional Chinese tea production terminology, fermentation refers to microbial fermentation (called 'wet piling'), and is typically applied after the tea leaves have been sufficiently dried and rolled. As the tea undergoes controlled microbial fermentation, it also continues to oxidize, which is also controlled, until the desired flavors are reached. This process produces tea known as 黑茶 ''hēichá'' (lit. 'black tea') (which is different from the English-language '' black tea'' that is called 红茶 ''hóngchá'' (lit. 'red tea') in Chinese). Pu'er falls under a larger category of fermented teas commonly translated as ''dark teas''. Two main styles of pu'er production exist: a traditional, longer production process known as ''shēng'' (''raw'') pu'er; and a modern, accelerated production process known as ''shóu'' (''ripe'') pu'er. Pu'er traditional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
普洱茶
''Pu'er'' or ''pu-erh'' is a variety of fermented tea traditionally produced in Yunnan Province, China. In the context of traditional Chinese tea production terminology, fermentation refers to microbial fermentation (called 'wet piling'), and is typically applied after the tea leaves have been sufficiently dried and rolled. As the tea undergoes controlled microbial fermentation, it also continues to oxidize, which is also controlled, until the desired flavors are reached. This process produces tea known as 黑茶 ''hēichá'' (lit. 'black tea') (which is different from the English-language '' black tea'' that is called 红茶 ''hóngchá'' (lit. 'red tea') in Chinese). Pu'er falls under a larger category of fermented teas commonly translated as ''dark teas''. Two main styles of pu'er production exist: a traditional, longer production process known as ''shēng'' (''raw'') pu'er; and a modern, accelerated production process known as ''shóu'' (''ripe'') pu'er. Pu'er traditio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pu-erh Tea (detail)
''Pu'er'' or ''pu-erh'' is a variety of fermented tea traditionally produced in Yunnan Province, China. In the context of traditional Chinese tea production terminology, fermentation refers to microbial fermentation (called 'wet piling'), and is typically applied after the tea leaves have been sufficiently dried and rolled. As the tea undergoes controlled microbial fermentation, it also continues to oxidize, which is also controlled, until the desired flavors are reached. This process produces tea known as 黑茶 ''hēichá'' (lit. 'black tea') (which is different from the English-language ''black tea'' that is called 红茶 ''hóngchá'' (lit. 'red tea') in Chinese). Pu'er falls under a larger category of fermented teas commonly translated as ''dark teas''. Two main styles of pu'er production exist: a traditional, longer production process known as ''shēng'' (''raw'') pu'er; and a modern, accelerated production process known as ''shóu'' (''ripe'') pu'er. Pu'er traditionally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pu'er City
Pu'er is a prefecture-level city in southern Yunnan Province, China. The urban administrative center of Pu'er is Simao District, which is also the former name of the prefecture-level city itself. A major downturn in the price of tea in 2007 caused severe economic distress in the area. The price of Pu'er has since recovered and Pu'er tea still contributes much to the income of the area. Etymology Nanzhao set a division called Bu'ri Jian () in 839 AD; this was the first time the region was integrated into the administrative system of a Chinese dynasty. In the Yuan dynasty, the central government changed the name to Pu'ri () in 1278. Finally in Ming dynasty, the name was changed to "Pu'er" () in 1384. The character of "er" () was changed to 洱 in Wanli Emperor period. The name "普洱" (Pu'er) has continued to be used to this day. Wa scholar Ni-ga states that the origin name "Bu'ri" is the exonym of Blang people in Baraoke language, a dialect of Wa language, which means "my brothe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tea Processing
Tea processing is the method in which the leaves from the tea plant '' Camellia sinensis'' are transformed into the dried leaves for brewing tea. The categories of tea are distinguished by the processing they undergo. In its most general form, tea processing involves different manners and degrees of oxidation of the leaves, stopping the oxidation, forming the tea and drying it. The innate flavor of the dried tea leaves is determined by the type of cultivar of the tea bush, the quality of the plucked tea leaves, and the manner and quality of the production processing they undergo. After processing, a tea may be blended with other teas or mixed with flavourants to alter the flavor of the final tea. When producing black, pu'erh and oolong teas there is an additional purpose of processing: to encourage oxidization, which further develops flavour and aroma compounds. History The history of tea processing corresponds intimately with the role that tea played in Chinese society and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fermented Tea
Fermented tea (also known as post-fermented tea or dark tea) is a class of tea that has undergone microbial fermentation, from several months to many years. The exposure of the tea leaves to humidity and oxygen during the process also causes endo-oxidation (derived from the tea-leaf enzymes themselves) and exo-oxidation (which is microbially catalysed). The tea leaves and the liquor made from them become darker with oxidation. Thus, the various kinds of fermented teas produced across China are also referred to as dark tea, not be confused with black tea. The most famous fermented tea is produced in Yunnan province. The fermentation of tea leaves alters their chemistry, affecting the organoleptic qualities of the tea made from them. Fermentation affects the smell of the tea and typically mellows its taste, reducing astringency and bitterness while improving mouthfeel and aftertaste. The microbes may also produce metabolites with health benefits. Additionally, substances lik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fermented Tea
Fermented tea (also known as post-fermented tea or dark tea) is a class of tea that has undergone microbial fermentation, from several months to many years. The exposure of the tea leaves to humidity and oxygen during the process also causes endo-oxidation (derived from the tea-leaf enzymes themselves) and exo-oxidation (which is microbially catalysed). The tea leaves and the liquor made from them become darker with oxidation. Thus, the various kinds of fermented teas produced across China are also referred to as dark tea, not be confused with black tea. The most famous fermented tea is produced in Yunnan province. The fermentation of tea leaves alters their chemistry, affecting the organoleptic qualities of the tea made from them. Fermentation affects the smell of the tea and typically mellows its taste, reducing astringency and bitterness while improving mouthfeel and aftertaste. The microbes may also produce metabolites with health benefits. Additionally, substances lik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yunnan
Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan, autonomous regions of Guangxi, and Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet as well as Southeast Asian countries: Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar. Yunnan is China's fourth least developed province based on disposable income per capita in 2014. Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with high elevations in the northwest and low elevations in the southeast. Most of the population lives in the eastern part of the province. In the west, the altitude can vary from the mountain peaks to river valleys by as much as . Yunnan is rich in natural resources and has the largest diversity of plant life in China. Of the approximately 30,000 species of Vascular plant, higher plants in China, Yu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enzyme Activity
Enzyme assays are laboratory methods for measuring enzymatic activity. They are vital for the study of enzyme kinetics and enzyme inhibition. Enzyme units The quantity or concentration of an enzyme can be expressed in molar amounts, as with any other chemical, or in terms of activity in enzyme units. Enzyme activity Enzyme activity is a measure of the quantity of active enzyme present and is thus dependent on various physical conditions, ''which should be specified''. It is calculated using the following formula: :\operatorname=\operatorname=\operatorname\times\operatorname where :\operatorname= Enzyme activity :\operatorname= Moles of substrate converted per unit time :\operatorname= Rate of the reaction :\operatorname= Reaction volume The SI unit is the katal, 1 katal = 1 mol s−1 (mole per second), but this is an excessively large unit. A more practical and commonly used value is enzyme unit (U) = 1 μmol min−1 (micromole per minute). 1 U corresponds to 16.67 nano ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puer Tea
Puer may refer to: *Pu'er tea or Pu-erh tea, a variety of fermented tea, named after Pu'er in Yunnan Province *Old Pu'er, present-day Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County, China *Pu'er City, a prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China, formerly known as Simao County * Puer (geomancy) See also *''Puer aeternus'', Latin for ''eternal boy'' *''Puer mingens'', Latin for an artistic depiction of a boy urinating *''Puer oblatus'', Latin for an oblate who has not yet reached puberty *Puering or bating, a process using dog excrement or 'puer', as a step in the tanning Tanning may refer to: *Tanning (leather), treating animal skins to produce leather *Sun tanning, using the sun to darken pale skin **Indoor tanning, the use of artificial light in place of the sun **Sunless tanning, application of a stain or dye t ... of leather * Puar (other) {{disambig, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taipei, Taiwan
Taipei (), officially Taipei City, is the capital and a special municipality of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Located in Northern Taiwan, Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City that sits about southwest of the northern port city of Keelung. Most of the city rests on the Taipei Basin, an ancient lakebed. The basin is bounded by the relatively narrow valleys of the Keelung and Xindian rivers, which join to form the Tamsui River along the city's western border. The city of Taipei is home to an estimated population of 2,646,204 (2019), forming the core part of the Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area, which includes the nearby cities of New Taipei and Keelung with a population of 7,047,559, the 40th most-populous urban area in the world—roughly one-third of Taiwanese citizens live in the metro district. The name "Taipei" can refer either to the whole metropolitan area or just the city itself. Taipei has been the seat of the ROC central govern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free-radical
In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron. With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make radicals highly chemically reactive. Many radicals spontaneously dimerize. Most organic radicals have short lifetimes. A notable example of a radical is the hydroxyl radical (HO·), a molecule that has one unpaired electron on the oxygen atom. Two other examples are triplet oxygen and triplet carbene (꞉) which have two unpaired electrons. Radicals may be generated in a number of ways, but typical methods involve redox reactions. Ionizing radiation, heat, electrical discharges, and electrolysis are known to produce radicals. Radicals are intermediates in many chemical reactions, more so than is apparent from the balanced equations. Radicals are important in combustion, atmospheric chemistry, polymerization, plasma chemistry, biochemistry, and many other chemical processes. A majority of na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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