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Ḫiyawa
Ḫiyawa ( hlu, ) or Adanawa ( hlu, ) was a Luwian-speaking Syro-Hittite state which existed in southeastern Anatolia in the Iron Age. Name The native Luwian name of the kingdom was (), which bears a strong similarity to the name () used to refer to the Achaeans ( grc, Αχαιοι, translit=Akhaioi, from earlier grc, Αχαιϝοι, translit=Akhaiwoi), that is to the Mycenaean Greeks, in the Hittite texts of the Bronze Age. The use of this name for the kingdom of Ḫiyawa might have been the result of a migration of Greek populations from Western Anatolia into this region in the early Iron Age. The name was recorded in Semitic languages in several forms: *in Neo-Assyrian sources as: ** (), ** ( and ), **and (); ***the form () also appears in Aramaic sources; *and in Neo-Babylonian sources as (). Another name by which the kingdom of Ḫiyawa was called in its native Hieroglyphic Luwian inscriptions was (). The Phoenician inscriptions from Ḫiyawa also used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ḫilakku
Ḫilakku (), later known as Pirindu ( and ), was a Luwian-speaking Syro-Hittite state which existed in southeastern Anatolia in the Iron Age. Name Ḫilakku The native name of this kingdom is still unknown due to a lack of Hieroglyphic Luwian inscriptions from it during the Iron Age, although it has been tentatively identified with the land of mentioned in the records of Halparuntiyas I of Gurgum. () was the name given by Neo-Assyrian Akkadian sources to this kingdom, and the name of the region which in Graeco-Roman times was called Cilicia was derived from that of Ḫilakku. Pirindu Following the collapse of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, the country of Ḫilakku reappeared in Neo-Babylonian Akkadian sources under the name of ( and ). The name was derived from a Luwian name , meaning , corresponding to the later Greek and Turkish appelations of this region as () and , which have the same meanings. It is uncertain whether the Neo-Babylonian name Pirindu is identical to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludwig Maximilian University Of Munich
The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (simply University of Munich or LMU; german: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) is a public research university in Munich, Germany. It is Germany's sixth-oldest university in continuous operation. Originally established in Ingolstadt in 1472 by Duke Ludwig IX of Bavaria-Landshut, the university was moved in 1800 to Landshut by King Maximilian I of Bavaria when the city was threatened by the French, before being relocated to its present-day location in Munich in 1826 by King Ludwig I of Bavaria. In 1802, the university was officially named Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität by King Maximilian I of Bavaria in honor of himself and Ludwig IX. LMU is currently the second-largest university in Germany in terms of student population; in the 2018/19 winter semester, the university had a total of 51,606 matriculated students. Of these, 9,424 were freshmen while international students totalled 8,875 or approximately 17% of the student pop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sis (ancient City)
Sis ( hy, Սիս) was the capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. The massive fortified complex is just to the southwest of the modern Turkish town of Kozan in Adana Province. History In the 3rd millennium B.C. Sis was one of the Hittite settlements on the Cilician plain between the mountains and the Mediterranean coast. During the 1st century B.C. Sis appears to have been an unfortified village in the Roman province of Cilicia Secunda. The names Sisan or Sisia are first mentioned in the 5th and 6th centuries in Greek and Latin sources. In 703-04 A.D. the Byzantine settlers repulsed an Arab attack, but were soon forced to abandon the town, which became a frontier post for the Abbasid Caliphate. The Caliph Al-Mutawakkil reconstructed the Byzantine defenses in the mid-9th century. The Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas recaptured Sis in 962 from the Abbasids, only to have it become an Armenian possession in 1113, when it was occupied by Rubenid Baron T‛or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyinda
Cyinda ( el, Κὐινδα) was an ancient Cilician city, situated in Anatolia in modern Turkey. Cyinda in western Cilicia was famous as a treasure city in the wars of Eumenes of Cardia. It apparently served as a collection point where booty from the Asian interior was stored for shipment to Macedonia. "Despite the removal of great quantities of wealth from Cyinda at various times by Antigonus and his son, Demetrius, this fortress continued to possess large amounts of treasure, and for years during the fourth and third centuries 'the gold of Cyinda' was world famous." Its exact location is unknown; it is possible that it is to be identified with the fortress known in Assyrian as Kundi, which played a similar role in the Assyrian Empire in the time of Esarhaddon.Bing, "A Further Note on Cyinda/''Kundi''," p. 346. It was formerly wrongly identified with Anazarba Anazarbus ( grc, Ἀναζαρβός, medieval Ain Zarba; modern Anavarza; ar, عَيْنُ زَرْبَة) was an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceyhan River
The Ceyhan River (historically Pyramos or Pyramus ( el, Πύραμος), Leucosyrus ( el, Λευκόσυρος) or Jihun) is a river in Anatolia in the south of Turkey. Course of the river The Ceyhan River (Pyramus) has its source (known as ''Söğütlü Dere'') at a location called ''Pınarbaşı'' on the Nurhak Mountains of the Eastern Taurus Mountains range, southeast of the town of Elbistan in the Kahramanmaraş province of Turkey. According to classical references its source is at Cataonia near the town of Arabissus. Its main tributaries are called Harman, Göksun, Mağara Gözü, Fırnız, Tekir, Körsulu, Aksu (which joins Ceyhan at the outskirts of Kahramanmaraş), Çakur, Susas, and Çeperce. Its total length is . In classical times for a time it passed under ground, but then came forward again as a navigable river, and forced its way through a glen of Mount Taurus, which in some parts was so narrow that Strabo claims a dog or hare could leap across it. Its cours ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karatepe
Karatepe ( Turkish, 'Black Hill'; Hittite: ''Azatiwataya'') is a late Hittite fortress and open-air museum in Osmaniye Province in southern Turkey lying at a distance of about 23 km from the district center of Kadirli. It is sited in the Taurus Mountains, on the right bank of the Ceyhan River. The site is contained within Karatepe-Aslantaş National Park. History The place was an ancient city of Cilicia, which controlled a passage from eastern Anatolia to the north Syrian plain. It became an important Neo-Hittite center after the collapse of the Hittite Empire in the late 12th century BC. Relics found here include vast historic tablets, statues and ruins, even two monumental gates with reliefs on the sills depicting hunting and warring and a boat with oars; pillars of lions and sphinxes flank the gates. Karatepe inscription The site's eighth-century BC bilingual inscription, in Phoenician and Hieroglyphic Luwian, reflects the activities of the kings of Adana from the "h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anchiale
Anchiale ( grc, Ἀγχιάλη) or Anchialeia was a historic city of ancient Cilicia now a part of modern Mersin, Turkey. It was inhabited during the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine eras. History The main informant about Anchiale was Strabo. According to Strabo the city had been constructed by Sardanapalus, the last king of Assyria. Strabo further claims that Sardanapalus' tomb is in Anchiale. The city was conquered by Alexander the Great just before the battle of Issus. Geography The exact location of Anchiale is debatable. Like most historians British captain Francis Beaufort identifies Anchiale with Karaduvar, now a neighbourhood of Mersin at . But he adds that the amount of ruins in Karaduvar is too few for an important ancient city.Sir Francis Beaufort:''Karamanya'', (tr:Ali Neyzi-Doğan Türker), Akdeniz medeniyetleri Araştırma Enstitüsü, , p.265 Ruins As Beaufort points out there are only a few ruins. There are a tumulus A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a moun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mopsuestia
Mopsuestia and Mopsuhestia ( grc, Μοψουεστία and Μόψου ἑστία, Mopsou(h)estia and Μόψου ''Mopsou'' and Μόψου πόλις and Μόψος; Byzantine Greek: ''Mamista'', ''Manistra'', ''Mampsista''; Arabic: ''al-Maṣṣīṣah''; Armenian: ''Msis'', ''Mises'', ''Mam(u)estia''; modern Yakapınar) is an ancient city in Cilicia Campestris on the Pyramus River (now the Ceyhan River) located approximately east of ancient Antiochia in Cilicia (present-day Adana, southern Turkey). From the city's harbor, the river is navigable to the Mediterranean Sea, a distance of over 40 km (24 mi). The 1879 book ''A Latin Dictionary'', the 1898 book ''Dictionary of Classical Antiquities'', the 1913 ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' and the 1920 ''La Cilicie'' mention that the city at that time was called Missis or Messis, but in 1960 the name changed to Yakapınar. History The founding of this city is attributed to the seer Mopsus, from whom the city also took its n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lawazantiya
Lawazantiya was the cultic city of the goddess Šauška. It is mentioned in Old-Assyrian documents as Luhuzantiya. In Hittite texts the city is known as Lawazantiya (also: Lahuwazantiya, Lauwanzantiya or Lahuzzandiya), in Ugarit as Lwsnd and in Assyrian Annals as Lusanda. There is a Hittite document entitled "Festival of Teššub and Ḫebat of Lawazantiya" which has the king calling these deities in to open the spring festival. Hittite ruler Hattušili III met his future queen, Pudu-Hebain, in Lawazantiya. She is known to have been a strong promoter of Kizzuwatnean cults and traditions and was a daughter of Pentipšarri, a priest of Šauška. In the Telipinu Edict that Hittite ruler (c. 1525-1500 BC) reports that the city had rebelled and been retaken. Location The city is known to have been part of the Kizzuwatna region. The earliest mention of the city comes from the Old Assyrian documents as a trading colony in Kaniš, where the place Luḫuzatia is often mentioned, which is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laertes (Cilicia)
Laertes ( grc, Λαέρτης) was a town of ancient Cilicia. Some have supposed that the philosopher Diogenes Laërtius was from this town. Strabo Strabo''Strabo'' (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed. The father of Pompey was called "Pompeius Strabo". A native of Sicily so clear-sighted that he could see ... called it a stronghold. Its site is located near Cebelires, in Asiatic Turkey. Archaeologists have excavated the site; antiquities may be found at the Alanya Archaeological Museum. References Populated places in ancient Cilicia Former populated places in Turkey History of Antalya Province Archaeological sites in Turkey Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey {{Antalya-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aspendos
Aspendos or Aspendus ( Pamphylian: ΕΣΤϜΕΔΥΣ; Attic: Ἄσπενδος) was an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya province of Turkey. The site is located 40 km east of the modern city of Antalya. It was situated on the Eurymedon River about 16 km inland from the Mediterranean Sea; it shared a border with, and was hostile to, the ancient city of Side. History The wide range of its coinage throughout the ancient world indicates that, in the 5th century BC, Aspendos had become the most important city in Pamphylia. At that time, according to Thucydides, the Eurymedon River was navigable as far as Aspendos, and the city derived great wealth from a trade in salt, oil and wool. Aspendos did not play an important role in antiquity as a political force. Its political history during the colonisation period corresponded to the currents of the Pamphylian region. Within this trend, after the colonial period, it remained for a time under Lycian hegemony. In 546 B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cilicia
Cilicia (); el, Κιλικία, ''Kilikía''; Middle Persian: ''klkyʾy'' (''Klikiyā''); Parthian: ''kylkyʾ'' (''Kilikiyā''); tr, Kilikya). is a geographical region in southern Anatolia in Turkey, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilicia plain. The region includes the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye, along with parts of Hatay and Antalya. Geography Cilicia is extended along the Mediterranean coast east from Pamphylia to the Nur Mountains, which separates it from Syria. North and east of Cilicia lie the rugged Taurus Mountains that separate it from the high central plateau of Anatolia, which are pierced by a narrow gorge called in antiquity the Cilician Gates. Ancient Cilicia was naturally divided into Cilicia Trachea and Cilicia Pedias by the Limonlu River. Salamis, the city on the east coast of Cyprus, was included in its administrative jurisdiction. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
