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ʿamīd
''ʿAmīd'' (plural ''ʿumadā'', meaning "mainstay, support")C. E. Bosworth (1962), "The Titulature of the Early Ghaznavids", ''Oriens'' 15: 210–233, esp. 228–229. was an Arabic title used in Greater Iran under the rule of the Samanids, Buyids, Ghaznavids and Seljuk Empire, Seljukids. It was reserved for a high rank of civilian (as opposed to military) official. It was the highest civilian title under the Ghaznavids. The office of ''ʿāmil'' (governor, tax collector) was usually filled from the ranks of ''ʿumadā''. Persons with the name Ibn al-'Amid (other), Ibn al-ʿAmīd claimed descent from members of this class of officials. The term ''ʿamīd'' was also used in compound titles. Under the Buyids, the forms ''ʿamīd al-dawla'', ''ʿamīd al-dīn'' and ''ʿamīd al-juyūsh'' are attested. Under the Ghaznavids, the ''Barid, ṣāḥib al-barīd'' (head of the postal service) held the title ''ʿamīd al-mulk''. This title was used as a ''laqab'' by the vizier al-K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, 2011. Having emerged in the 1st century, it is named after the Arabs, Arab people; the term "Arab" was initially used to describe those living in the Arabian Peninsula, as perceived by geographers from ancient Greece. Since the 7th century, Arabic has been characterized by diglossia, with an opposition between a standard Prestige (sociolinguistics), prestige language—i.e., Literary Arabic: Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Classical Arabic—and diverse vernacular varieties, which serve as First language, mother tongues. Colloquial dialects vary significantly from MSA, impeding mutual intelligibility. MSA is only acquired through formal education and is not spoken natively. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
