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Near-close Central Unrounded Vowel
The close central unrounded vowel, or high central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , namely the lower-case letter ''i'' with a horizontal bar. Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as barred i. Occasionally, this vowel is transcribed (centralized ) or (centralized ). The close central unrounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the rare post-palatal approximant . Some languages feature the near-close central unrounded vowel (), which is slightly lower. It is most often transcribed in IPA with and , but other transcriptions such as and are also possible. In many British dictionaries, this vowel has been transcribed , which captures its height; in the American tradition it is more often , which captures its centrality, or , which captures both. is also used in a number of other publications, such as ''Accents of English'' by John C. Wells. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Close Central Unrounded Vowel
The close central unrounded vowel, or high central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , namely the lower-case letter ''i'' with a horizontal bar. Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as barred i. Occasionally, this vowel is transcribed ( centralized ) or (centralized ). The close central unrounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the rare post-palatal approximant . Some languages feature the near-close central unrounded vowel (), which is slightly lower. It is most often transcribed in IPA with and , but other transcriptions such as and are also possible. In many British dictionaries, this vowel has been transcribed , which captures its height; in the American tradition it is more often , which captures its centrality, or , which captures both. is also used in a number of other publications, such as ''Accents of English'' by John C. Wells. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weak Vowel Merger
The close and mid-height front vowels of English (vowels of ''i'' and ''e'' type) have undergone a variety of changes over time and often vary by dialect. Developments involving long vowels Until Great Vowel Shift Middle English had a long close front vowel , and two long mid front vowels: the close-mid and the open-mid . The three vowels generally correspond to the modern spellings , and respectively, but other spellings are also possible. The spellings that became established in Early Modern English are mostly still used today, but the qualities of the sounds have changed significantly. The and generally corresponded to similar Old English vowels, and came from Old English or . For other possible histories, see English historical vowel correspondences. In particular, the long vowels sometimes arose from short vowels by Middle English open syllable lengthening or other processes. For example, ''team'' comes from an originally-long Old English vowel, and ''eat'' com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malayalam
Malayalam (; , ) is a Dravidian language spoken in the Indian state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry (Mahé district) by the Malayali people. It is one of 22 scheduled languages of India. Malayalam was designated a "Classical Language of India" in 2013. Malayalam has official language status in Kerala, and Puducherry ( Mahé), and is also the primary spoken language of Lakshadweep, and is spoken by 34 million people in India. Malayalam is also spoken by linguistic minorities in the neighbouring states; with significant number of speakers in the Kodagu and Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka, and Kanyakumari, district of Tamil Nadu. It is also spoken by the Malayali Diaspora worldwide, especially in the Persian Gulf countries, due to large populations of Malayali expatriates there. There are significant population in each cities in India including Mumbai, Bengaluru, Delhi, Kolkata, Pune etc. The origin of Malayalam remains a matter of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cora Language
Cora is an indigenous language of Mexico of the Uto-Aztecan language family, spoken by approximately 30,000 people. It is spoken by the ethnic group that is widely known as the Cora, but who refer to themselves as ''Naáyarite''. The Cora inhabit the northern sierra of the Mexican state Nayarit which is named after its indigenous inhabitants. A significant portion of Cora speakers have formed an expatriate community along the southwestern part of Colorado in the United States. Cora is a Mesoamerican language and shows many of the traits defining the Mesoamerican Linguistic Area. Under the General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples, it is recognized as a "national language", along with 62 other indigenous languages and Spanish which have the same "validity" in Mexico. Geographic distribution Ethnologue distinguishes two main variants of Cora. One is called ''Cora del Nayar'' or ''Cora Meseño'' and is spoken mainly in and around the medium-altitude settlements ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiquitano Language
Chiquitano (also ''Bésɨro'' or ''Tarapecosi'') is an indigenous language isolate spoken in the central region of Santa Cruz Department of eastern Bolivia and the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil. Classification Chiquitano is usually considered to be a language isolate. Joseph Greenberg linked it to the Macro-Jê languages in his proposal, but the results of his study have been later questioned due to methodological flaws. Kaufman (1994) suggests a relationship with the Bororoan languages. Adelaar (2008) classifies Chiquitano as a Macro-Jê language, while Nikulin (2020) suggests that Chiquitano is rather a sister of Macro-Jê.Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo'. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília. Varieties Mason (1950) Mason (1950) lists: ;Chiquito *North (Chiquito) **Manasí (Manacica) **Penoki (Penokikia) **Pinyoca; Kusikia **Tao; Tabiica *Churapa Loukotka (1968) According to Čestmír Loukotka (1968), dialects were ''Tao (Yún ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mpade Language
Mpadə is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon and southwestern Chad. Dialects are Bodo, Digam, Mpade (Makari), Shoe (Shewe), and Woulki. The language is sometimes known as Makari, after one of the towns where it is spoken. Ngala further west (as described by Barth) once spoke a dialect similar to Makari, but it was moribund by the 1920s, the people having shifted to Kanuri. Distribution In Cameroon, Mpade is spoken throughout the northern end of the Logone-et-Chari department (Far North Region), adjacent to Lake Chad and centered on Makari (the northern part of Makari arrondissement as well as in Fotokol and Hilé Alifa arrondissements, and the northern part of Goulfey Goulfey is a town and commune in the Logone-et-Chari department of Cameroon, close to the border of Chad. Geography Goulfey is located about 50 kilometres north of Kousséri and is separated by the Logone River. History Goulfey is infamous for i ... arrondissement). It is also spoken in Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guarayu Language
Guarayu is a Tupian language of Bolivia that is spoken by the Guarayo people who number 23,910 in 2012. The name ''Guarayu (Gwarayú)'' is a variant of '' Guarayo'', which when used in a pejorative sense refers to several indigenous peoples in the area with the meaning of 'savage' or 'uncultured'. The origin of the names is ''Guara'' meaning "warrior", and ''yu'' "pale" (yellow or white). Compared to other Guarani peoples, the Gwarayú are lighter in colour, and bear a striking resemblance to another Guarani group found in Paraguay the Ache. Phonology * p, ⁿt, ᵑkare heard as allophones of /p, t, k/ when in nasal vowel position. References Further reading *Anónimo (2005). ''Gwarayu Ñe’ë, diccionario guarayo - castellano - guarayo''. Cochabamba: Sociedad Bíblica Boliviana. *Hoeller, Alfredo (1932). ''Guarayo-Deutsches Wörterbuch''. Guarayos: Verlag der Missionsprokura der P.P. Franziskaner, Hall in Tirol. External links Audio recordings of stories and conv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mfumte Language
Mfumte (Nfumte) is a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon. It is not clear if the four varieties spoken by ethnic Mfumte—Ndaktup, Kwaja, Fum and Mfumte proper—are mutually intelligible or distinct languages; ability to communicate may be either due to inherent intelligibility or to bilingualism, while ''Fum'' and ''Mfumte'' may simply be the Nigeria Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o ...n and Cameroonian names for the same language. Orthography The mfumte alphabet has 40 letters, with 30 consonants and 10 vowels. References External links A Sketch Grammar of the Central Mfumte LanguageAn introduction to the Mfumte language and a description of its grammar rules Conflict Resolution Systems in Wulí’ CultureA description of language conflict including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acute Accent
The acute accent (), , is a diacritic used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin, Cyrillic, and Greek scripts. For the most commonly encountered uses of the accent in the Latin and Greek alphabets, precomposed characters are available. Uses History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. Pitch Ancient Greek The acute accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it indicated a syllable with a high pitch. In Modern Greek, a stress accent has replaced the pitch accent, and the acute marks the stressed syllable of a word. The Greek name of the accented syllable was and is (''oxeîa'', Modern Greek ''oxía'') "sharp" or "high", which was calqued (loan-translated) into Latin as "sharpened". Stress The acute accent marks the stressed vowel of a word in several languages: * Blackfoot uses acute accents to show the place of stress in a word: soyópokists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic transcription, phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standardized representation of speech sounds in written form.International Phonetic Association (IPA), ''Handbook''. The IPA is used by lexicography, lexicographers, foreign language students and teachers, linguistics, linguists, speech–language pathology, speech–language pathologists, singers, actors, constructed language creators, and translators. The IPA is designed to represent those qualities of speech that are part of wiktionary:lexical, lexical (and, to a limited extent, prosodic) sounds in oral language: phone (phonetics), phones, phonemes, Intonation (linguistics), intonation, and the separation of words and syllables. To represent additional qualities of speech—such as tooth wiktionary:gnash, gnashing, lisping, and sounds made wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iñapari Language
Iñapari is a critically endangered indigenous South American language spoken by just four people in Perú along the Las Piedras river near the mouth of the Sabaluyoq river. The language is already extinct in neighboring Bolivia. All four remaining speakers are bilingual in Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Can ... and none have any children, which will likely lead to its extinction once the speakers die. The Iñapari language currently has a published dictionary. Parker, Stephen G., compiler. 1995. Documento de Trabajo, 27. Yarinacocha: Ministerio de Educación and Instituto Lingüístico de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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