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Ōkubo Tadaaki
was the 6th daimyō of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province (modern-day Kanagawa Prefecture) in mid-Edo period Japan. His courtesy title was '' Kaga no Kami.'' Biography Ōkubo Tadaaki was the eldest son of Ōkubo Tadayoshi, the 5th daimyō of Odawara Domain. During his tenure, Odawara suffered from repeated natural disasters, including the earthquakes and fires which destroyed Odawara Castle and much of the surrounding Odawara-juku. Inclement weather led to crop failures, including the Great Tenmei Famine, which severely curtailed traffic on the Tōkaidō highway connecting Edo with Kyoto. As one of the major post stations on the Tōkaidō, this created an economic crisis for the town residents. Although Tadaaki responded with the usual restrictions on spending in an effort to economize of the domain's tax revenues, his efforts were undermined by rampant inflation, and demands from the Tokugawa shogunate to strength coastal defenses against possible incursions of foreign vessel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nakagawa Hisasada
Nakagawa (中川 lit. "central river") may refer to: Places * Nakagawa (Teshio) District in Kamikawa, Hokkaidō * Nakagawa (Tokachi) District in Tokachi, Hokkaidō * Nakagawa, Fukuoka * Nakagawa, Hokkaidō * Nakagawa, Nagano * Nakagawa, Tochigi * Nakagawa, Tokushima * Nakagawa, Nanyo in Yamagata Prefecture Other uses *Nakagawa (surname) Nakagawa (written: 中川, 仲川, 那珂川 or 那賀川) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Akiko Nakagawa (born 1973), Japanese voice actress * Camila Nakagawa, Brazilian recurring contestant on '' The Challenge'' ... See also * Naka River (other) {{disambiguation, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyoto
Kyoto (; Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. , the city had a population of 1.46 million. The city is the cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Kyoto, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 3.8 million people. Kyoto is one of the oldest municipalities in Japan, having been chosen in 794 as the new seat of Japan's imperial court by Emperor Kanmu. The original city, named Heian-kyō, was arranged in accordance with traditional Chinese feng shui following the model of the ancient Chinese capital of Chang'an/Luoyang. The emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869. It was the scene of several key events of the Muromachi period, Sengoku period, and the Boshin War, such as the Ōnin War, the Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ōkubo Clan
The were a ''samurai'' kin group which rose to prominence in the Sengoku period and the Edo periods.Meyer, Eva-Maria"Gouverneure von Kyôto in der Edo-Zeit."Universität Tübingen (in German) Under the Tokugawa shogunate, the Ōkubo, as hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa clan, were classified as one of the ''fudai daimyō'' clans.Appert, Georges. (1888) ''Ancien Japon'', p. 75/ref> Ōkubo clan genealogy The Ōkubo clan traces its origins to 16th century Mikawa Province. The Ōkubo claimed descent from the Utsunomiya clan, descendants of Fujiwara no Michikane (955–995). Papinot, Edmond. (2003)''Nobiliare du Japon'' -- Ōkubo, p. 46 Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon;'' retrieved 2012-11-7 Ōkubo Tadatoshi (1499–1581) and his younger brother Ōkubo Tadakazu (1511–1583) were the first to abandon the Utaunomiya name for "Ōkubo". Both brothers were among the seven closest retainers of Matsudaira Hirotada, the father of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ōkubo Tadazane
was the 7th ''daimyō'' of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province, (modern-day Kanagawa Prefecture) in mid-Edo period Japan. His courtesy title was '' Kaga no Kami''. Biography Tadazane was born in Edo in 1782 (some sources state 1778) as the son of the 6th ''daimyō'' of Odawara, Ōkubo Tadaaki. He succeeded to headship of the Ōkubo clan and Odawara Domain upon his father’s death in 1796. During his tenure, he reformed the domain's faltering finances, particularly through his employment of the scholar Ninomiya Sontoku, who reformed the domain's taxes and encouraged development of agriculture through immigration from other domains. In 1800, Tadazane had his start in the Tokugawa administration as a ''Sōshaban'', or Master of Ceremonies. Four years later, on January 28, 1804, he was appointed to the concurrent position of ''Jisha-bugyō'' (Magistrate of Temples and Shrines). On June 25, 1810, he became Osaka Castellan, followed by the post of ''Kyoto Shoshidai'' from April 16, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edmond Papinot
Jacques Edmond-Joseph Papinot (1860–1942) was a French Roman Catholic priest and missionary who was also known in Japan as . He was an architect, academic, historian, editor, Japanologist. Papinot is best known for creating an ''Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan'' which was first published in French in 1899. The work was published in English in 1906. Early life Papinot was born in 1860 in Châlons-sur-Saône in France.Pouillon, François. (2008)''Dictionnaire des orientalistes de langue française,'' p. 736 He was ordained as a Catholic priest in 1886; and three months later he was sent to Japan. Career Papinot first arrived in Japan in 1886. He taught at the Tokyo Theological Seminary for 15 years while working on his ''Dictionnaire japonais-français des noms principaux de l'histoire et de la géographie de Japon''.Rogala, Jozef. (2012)''A Collector's Guide to Books on Japan in English,'' p. 187 In 1911, he left Japan for China. He returned to France in 1920 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bungo Province
was a province of Japan in eastern Kyūshū in the area of Ōita Prefecture. It was sometimes called , with Buzen Province. Bungo bordered Buzen, Hyūga, Higo, Chikugo, and Chikuzen Provinces. History At the end of the 7th century, Toyo Province was split into ''Buzen'' (literally, "the front of ''Toyo''") and ''Bungo'' ("the back of ''Toyo''"). Until the Heian period, Bungo was read as ''Toyokuni no Michi no Shiri''. It is believed that the capital of Bungo was located in ''Furugō'' (古国府), literally "old capital," section of the city of Ōita, but as of 2016 no archaeological evidence has been found. The honor of the holiest Shinto shrine of Bungo Province (豊前一宮, ''Buzen ichinomiya'') was given to Usa Shrine known as Usa Hachimangu or Usa Jingu in Usa district (today Usa, Ōita). Usa shrine had not only religious authority but also political influence to local governance, but their influence was reduced until the Sengoku period. During the Sengoku pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oka Domain
Oka or OKA may refer to: Cars * Oka (automobile), a small car designed by AvtoVAZ and produced by ZMA and SeAZ * OKA 4wd, a large 4-wheel-drive vehicle made in Western Australia by OKA Military * 2B1 Oka, Soviet 420 mm self-propelled mortar * OTR-23 Oka, a theatre ballistic missile deployed by the Soviet Union Places * Oka (Bithynia), a town of ancient Bithynia, now in Turkey * Oka, Quebec, Canada, a village * Oka National Park, near Oka, Quebec * Oka, Akoko, the capital city of Akoko South-West Local Government of Ondo State, Nigeria * Oka (river), in the European part of Russia * Oka (Angara), a river in Siberia, Russia * Oka, West Virginia, United States, an unincorporated community * Oca (river), in northern Spain, spelled "Oka" in the Basque language Codes * Naha Airport, near Naha, Okinawa, IATA airport code OKA * Okay Airways, based in Beijing, China, ICAO airline code OKA * Okanagan language, ISO 639-3 language code oka, spoken in Canada and the United States Oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokugawa Shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 978.Nussbaum"''Edo-jidai''"at p. 167. The Tokugawa shogunate was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu after victory at the Battle of Sekigahara, ending the civil wars of the Sengoku period following the collapse of the Ashikaga shogunate. Ieyasu became the ''shōgun,'' and the Tokugawa clan governed Japan from Edo Castle in the eastern city of Edo (Tokyo) along with the ''daimyō'' lords of the ''samurai'' class.Nussbaum"Tokugawa"at p. 976. The Tokugawa shogunate organized Japanese society under the strict Tokugawa class system and banned most foreigners under the isolationist policies of ''Sakoku'' to promote political stability. The Tokugawa shoguns governed Japan in a feudal system, with each ''daimyō'' administering a ''han'' (f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inflation
In economics, inflation is an increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services; consequently, inflation corresponds to a reduction in the purchasing power of money. The opposite of inflation is deflation, a sustained decrease in the general price level of goods and services. The common measure of inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general price index. As prices do not all increase at the same rate, the consumer price index (CPI) is often used for this purpose. The employment cost index is also used for wages in the United States. Most economists agree that high levels of inflation as well as hyperinflation—which have severely disruptive effects on the real economy—are caused by persistent excessive growth in the money supply. Views on low to moderate rates of inflation are more varied. Low or moderate inflation may be attri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shukuba
were post stations during the Edo period in Japan, generally located on one of the Edo Five Routes or one of its sub-routes. They were also called ''shuku-eki'' (宿駅). These post stations (or "post towns") were places where travelers could rest on their journey around the nation. They were created based on policies for the transportation of goods by horseback that were developed during the Nara and Heian periods. History These post stations were first established by Tokugawa Ieyasu shortly after the end of the Battle of Sekigahara. The first post stations were developed along the Tōkaidō (followed by stations on the Nakasendō and other routes). In 1601, the first of the Tōkaidō's fifty-three stations were developed, stretching from Shinagawa-juku in Edo to Ōtsu-juku in Ōmi Province. Not all the post stations were built at the same time, however, as the last one was built in 1624. The lodgings in the post stations were established for use by public officials and, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tōkaidō (road)
The , which roughly means "eastern sea route," was the most important of the Five Routes of the Edo period in Japan, connecting Kyoto to Edo (modern-day Tokyo). Unlike the inland and less heavily travelled Nakasendō, the Tōkaidō travelled along the sea coast of eastern Honshū, hence the route's name. Traveling the Tōkaidō The standard method of travel was on foot, as wheeled carts were almost nonexistent and heavy cargo was usually sent by boat. Members of the higher class, however, travelled by ''kago''. Women were forbidden to travel alone and had to be accompanied by men. Other restrictions were also put in place for travellers, but, while severe penalties existed for various travel regulations, most seem not to have been enforced. Captain Sherard Osborn, who travelled part of the road in around 1858, noted that: Along the Tōkaidō, there were government-sanctioned post stations (shukuba) for travellers' rest. These stations consisted of porter stations and horse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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