|
Étienne-François De Cillart De Villeneuve
Étienne-François de Cillart de Villeneuve was a French aristocrat and Navy officer, brother to Armand-François Cillart de Surville and Jean-Marie de Villeneuve Cillart. Career Cillart joined the Navy as a Garde-Marine on 19 March 1756. He was promoted to Ensign on 2 March 1762, to Lieutenant on 1 October 1773, and to Captain on 9 May 1781. In October 1781, Cillart was in command of the frigate ''Bellone'', escorting the transports ''Neker'' and ''Sévère'' off Cape of Good Hope. The squadron encountered the 50-gun HMS ''Hannibal'', which captured the transports and brought them to Saint Helena. ''Bellone'' sailed on to Isle de France and reinforced the French squadron under Rear-Admiral Thomas d'Estienne d'Orves. On 9 February 1782, Estienne d'Orves and Suffren assumed command of the squadron. He re-appointed his captains and promoted Cillart to the command of the 64-gun ''Sévère'', while Jean André de Pas de Beaulieu took command of ''Bellone''. Cillart commanded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Sultan (1775)
HMS ''Sultan'' was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 23 December 1775 at Harwich. Built to take part in the American Revolutionary War, her departure was delayed due to a shortage of crew and it was 9 June 1778 before she finally sailed as part of a squadron led by Rear-Admiral John Byron. In September she was with Richard Howe's fleet, blockading the French in Boston and in 1779, transferred to the West Indies, where she took part in the Battle of Grenada that July. Almost a year later, on 20 June 1780, she was involved in a short action off the coast of the Dominican Republic with a superior French force. Following a refit at Plymouth, ''Sultan'' was sent to join Sir Edward Hughes' fleet in the East Indies, arriving from England on 30 March in time to fight in the battles of Providien, Negapatam and Trincomalee. Her last action was at Cuddalore in 1783 and she returned to England in 1784 as Hughes' flagship. In July 1794, ''Sultan'' was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Count De Forbin (French Navy Officer)
Charles Gaspard Hyacinthe de Forbin La Barben (Aix-en-Provence, 26 February 1741 — ?) was a French Navy officer. He fought in the Indian Ocean under Suffren during the War of American Independence, captaining the 64-gun ''Vengeur'' at the Battle of Porto Praya on 16 April 1781, the Battle of Sadras on 17 February 1782, the Battle of Providien on 12 April 1782, the Battle of Negapatam on 6 July 1782, and the Battle of Trincomalee from 25 August to 3 September 1782. He was one of the officers that Suffren dismissed in the wake of the Battle of Trincomalee. Biography Forbin was born to the family of Claude de Forbin. He was also a parent to Suffren, as Suffren's great-grand-mother was from the Forbin family. Forbin joined the Navy as a Garde-Marine on 7 October 1756. He was promoted to Lieutenant on 27 November 1765, and to Captain on 13 March 1779. In September 1781, he was first officer on ''Terrible'' in the squadron under Admiral d'Estaing. Forbin was appointe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Artésien
''Artésien'' ('Artesian') was a 64-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, lead ship of her class. She was funded by a don des vaisseaux donation from the Estates of Artois. Career ''Artésien'' was built in 1765 as a part of a series of twelve ships of the line began by Choiseul to compensate for the losses endured by the French Royal Navy during the Seven Years' War. She was paid by the province of Artois and Flanders, and named in its honour, according to the practice of the time. During the American Revolutionary War, ''Artésien'' took part in the Battle of St. Lucia on 15 December 1778, in the Battle of Martinique on 17 April 1780, in the Siege of Savannah, under Captain Thomassin de Peynier. In 1781, ''Artésien'' was attached to a division under Suffren, departing France for the Dutch Cape Colony and Isle de France (Mauritius). Off Cape Verde, ''Artésien'' detected an English squadron, resulting in the Battle of Porto Praya. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François-Joseph-Hippolyte Bidé De Maurville
François-Joseph-Hippolyte Bidé de Maurville (Rochefort, 25 November 1743 — Rochefort, 29 January 1784) was a French Navy officer. Biography Maurville was born to Marie Anne de Brach and Hippolyte Bernard Bidé de Maurville, an admiral in the French Navy, and brother to Charles-Alexandre de Maurville de Langle. Maurville joined the Navy as a Garde-Marine on 25 April 1757. he served on ''Florissant'' from 1757 to 1760, on ''Intrépide'' in 1761, on ''Northumberland'' in 1762 and on ''Garonne'' from 1763 to 1764. The year after, he transferred on ''Utile'', and in June 1765 he took part in the Larache expedition, where he was wounded. He was the sole surviving officer, and spent two years a prisoner in Morocco before returning to France in 1767. He had been promoted to Ensigh on 27 November 1765, while in captivity. In 1775, he published a ''Relation de l'Affaire de Larache'' telling his experience. From November 1767 to 1768, he served on ''Bricole''. He was promoted t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Court-martial
A court-martial or court martial (plural ''courts-martial'' or ''courts martial'', as "martial" is a postpositive adjective) is a military court or a trial conducted in such a court. A court-martial is empowered to determine the guilt of members of the armed forces subject to military law, and, if the defendant is found guilty, to decide upon punishment. In addition, courts-martial may be used to try prisoners of war for war crimes. The Geneva Conventions require that POWs who are on trial for war crimes be subject to the same procedures as would be the holding military's own forces. Finally, courts-martial can be convened for other purposes, such as dealing with violations of martial law, and can involve civilian defendants. Most navies have a standard court-martial which convenes whenever a ship is lost; this does not presume that the captain is suspected of wrongdoing, but merely that the circumstances surrounding the loss of the ship be made part of the official record. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mauritius
Mauritius ( ; french: Maurice, link=no ; mfe, label=Mauritian Creole, Moris ), officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent, east of Madagascar. It includes the main island (also called Mauritius), as well as Rodrigues, Agaléga and St. Brandon. The islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues, along with nearby Réunion (a French overseas department), are part of the Mascarene Islands. The main island of Mauritius, where most of the population is concentrated, hosts the capital and largest city, Port Louis. The country spans and has an exclusive economic zone covering . Arab sailors were the first to discover the uninhabited island, around 975, and they called it ''Dina Arobi''. The earliest discovery was in 1507 by Portuguese sailors, who otherwise took little interest in the islands. The Dutch took possession in 1598, establishing a succession of short-lived settlements over a period of about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isle De France (Mauritius)
Isle de France () was the name of the Indian Ocean island which is known as Mauritius and its dependent territories between 1715 and 1810, when the area was under the French East India Company and a part of the French colonial empire. Under the French, the island witnessed major changes. The increasing importance of agriculture led to the importation of slaves and the undertaking of vast infrastructural works that transformed Port Louis into a major capital, port, warehousing, and commercial centre. During the Napoleonic Wars, Isle de France became a base from which the French navy, including squadrons under Rear Admiral Linois or Commodore Jacques Hamelin, and corsairs such as Robert Surcouf, organised raids on British merchant ships. The raids (see Battle of Pulo Aura and Mauritius campaign of 1809–1811) continued until 1810 when the British sent a strong expedition to capture the island. The first British attempt, in August 1810, to attack Grand Port resulted in a Frenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Héros (1778)
''Héros'' was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, known mostly for being the flagship of Pierre André de Suffren de Saint Tropez during the Anglo-French War. Career Construction She was built in 1778 at Toulon on a design by Joseph-Marie-Blaise Coulomb. Indian Ocean campaign under Suffren In 1781 she became part of Suffren's force, consisting of the 16-gun corvette ''Fortune'', five ships of the line, eight troopships and a thousand soldiers, all entrusted with carrying the French war effort into the Indian Ocean. The other warships were one other 74 gun ship ('' Annibal'') and three 64-gun ships ( ''Vengeur'', ''Sphinx'', and '' Artésien''). Suffren had been allowed to choose his officers and non-commissioned officers and so these were mainly from Provence, despite the fact that the force set off from Brest. There were around ten men per gun, making a total crew of 712. On 22 March 1781 the force sailed for the South Atlantic and on 16 April it met a forc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartel (ship)
Cartel ships, in international law, are ships employed on humanitarian voyages, in particular, to carry communications or prisoners between belligerents. They fly distinctive flags, including a flag of truce. Traditionally, they were unarmed but for a single gun retained for signalling purposes.Cartel flags, Joe McMillan, 14 December 2001, https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-crtl.html Cartel ships were used on the basis of intergovernmental agreements, which were called 'cartels' between the 17th and the 19th century. A ship serving as a cartel was not subject to seizure or capture. However, if it engaged in commerce or warlike acts such as carrying official dispatches or messengers, it lost its character of inviolability and would then be subject to capture. The cartel protection extended to the return voyage. Furthermore, the prisoners being taken for exchange were under an obligation not to engage in hostilities towards their captors. If they were to capture the cartel ship, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Rodney (1781)
Six ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS ''Rodney'', of which at least the last five were named after the Georgian Admiral George, Lord Rodney. A seventh was planned but never completed: * was a 4-gun cutter in use in 1759. * was a 16-gun vessel, possibly a brig-sloop, purchased in 1780, probably in the Caribbean, and in service in 1781. The French ''Rohan-Soubise'' captured her in 1782 at Demerara. In June 1783 she sailed for St. Pierre and Miquelon. She was struck from the lists at Rochefort in December, and from the Navy lists in 1784.Demerliac (1996), p.76, #488. * was a 74-gun third rate launched in 1809, razeed to 50 guns and renamed ''Greenwich'' in 1827, and sold in 1836. * was a 90-gun second rate launched in 1833, converted to screw propulsion and rearmed with 70 guns in 1860, and broken up in 1884. * was an launched in 1884 and sold in 1909. * was to have been an . She was ordered in April 1916, but construction was suspended in March 1917 and cancelled in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Cuddalore (1783)
The Battle of Cuddalore was a naval battle between a British fleet, under Admiral Sir Edward Hughes with Admiral L.J. Weiland, and a smaller French fleet, under the Bailli de Suffren, off the coast of India during the American Revolutionary War. This war sparked the Second Mysore War in India. In the battle, taking place near Cuddalore on 20 June 1783, Suffren commanded the engagement from the frigate '' Cléopâtre'' and won what is generally considered a victory.Palmer p.161 Peace had already been agreed upon in Europe, but that news had yet to reach India, making this the final battle of the war. On the death of French ally Hyder Ali, the British decided to retake Cuddalore. They marched troops from Madras, and began preparing for a siege. The French fleet, under Suffren, appeared at Cuddalore on 13 June. A week of fickle winds prevented either side from engaging until 20 June, when Suffren attacked. No ships were seriously damaged, but each side lost about 100 men with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Cartel (ship)")
