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Épinay-sur-Seine Station
Épinay-sur-Seine () is one of the two railway stations in the commune of Épinay-sur-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis department, France (the other being the Gare d'Épinay-Villetaneuse). The station opened in 1908 on what was then called the Les Grésillons (Paris RER), Les Grésillons line, which in 1988 was incorporated into the North Branch of the RER C as part of the Vallée de Montmorency - Les Invalides connection project. The station The station was built by the Chemins de fer du Nord, Nord company in 1908 as part of the opening of the Les Grésillons line (also known as the Docks line). It was designed by Clément Ligny in a regional style which combines decorative elements such as Montmorency marl, glazed brick, cut stone, ceramic friezes, and wrought iron.One source, the Environmental Impact Study for the Tram Express Nord projectp. 266 (pdf) calls it the "most remarkable" station of the line. The unusual vertical arrangement of the station is due to its formerly having be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Les Grésillons (Paris RER)
LES or Les may refer to: People * Les (given name) * Les (surname) * L.E.S. (producer), hip hop producer Space flight * Launch Entry Suit, worn by Space Shuttle crews * Launch escape system, for spacecraft emergencies * Lincoln Experimental Satellite series, 1960s and 1970s Biology and medicine * Lazy eye syndrome, or amblyopia, a disorder in the human optic nerve * The Liverpool epidemic strain of ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' * Lower esophageal sphincter * Lupus erythematosus systemicus Places * The Lower East Side neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City * Les, Catalonia, a municipality in Spain * Leş, a village in Nojorid Commune, Bihor County, Romania * ''Les'', the Hungarian name for Leșu Commune, Bistriţa-Năsăud County, Romania * Les, a village in Tejakula district, Buleleng regency, Bali, Indonesia * Lesotho, IOC and UNDP country code * Lès, a word featuring in many French placenames Transport * Leigh-on-Sea railway station, National Rail station code * Leyton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frieze
In classical architecture, the frieze is the wide central section of an entablature and may be plain in the Ionic order, Ionic or Corinthian order, Corinthian orders, or decorated with bas-reliefs. Patera (architecture), Paterae are also usually used to decorate friezes. Even when neither column (architecture), columns nor pilasters are expressed, on an astylar wall it lies upon the architrave ("main beam") and is capped by the molding (decorative), moldings of the cornice (architecture), cornice. A frieze can be found on many Greek and Roman buildings, the Parthenon Frieze being the most famous, and perhaps the most elaborate. In interiors, the frieze of a room is the section of wall above the picture rail and under the crown moldings or cornice. By extension, a frieze is a long stretch of painting, painted, sculpture, sculpted or even calligraphy, calligraphic decoration in such a position, normally above eye-level. Frieze decorations may depict scenes in a sequence of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railway Stations In France Opened In 1908
Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport using wheeled vehicles running in railway track, tracks, which usually consist of two parallel steel railway track, rails. Rail transport is one of the two primary means of land transport, next to road transport. It is used for about 8% of passenger and rail freight transport, freight transport globally, thanks to its Energy efficiency in transport, energy efficiency and potentially high-speed rail, high speed.Rolling stock on rails generally encounters lower friction, frictional resistance than rubber-tyred road vehicles, allowing rail cars to be coupled into longer trains. Power is usually provided by Diesel locomotive, diesel or Electric locomotive, electric locomotives. While railway transport is capital intensity, capital-intensive and less flexible than road transport, it can carry heavy loads of passengers and cargo with greater energy efficiency and safety. Precursors of railways driven by human or an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Réseau Express Régional Stations
The term réseau derives from a French word meaning "network". It may mean: *a network of fine lines on a glass plate, used in photographic telescopes to make a corresponding network on photographs of the stars: see Réseau plate *a system of weather stations under a single agency, or cooperating on common goals *an intelligence network as used by John Le Carré, in ''Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy'', chapter 11. *the net in bobbin lace Bobbin lace is a lace textile made by braiding and twisting lengths of yarn, thread, which are wound on #Bobbins, bobbins to manage them. As the work progresses, the weaving is held in place with pins set in a lace pillow, the placement of the pi ... * SNCF TGV Réseau {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buildings And Structures In Seine-Saint-Denis
A building or edifice is an enclosed structure with a roof, walls and windows, usually standing permanently in one place, such as a house or factory. Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for numerous factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions, specific uses, prestige, and aesthetic reasons. To better understand the concept, see ''Nonbuilding structure'' for contrast. Buildings serve several societal needs – occupancy, primarily as shelter from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belongings, and to comfortably live and work. A building as a shelter represents a physical separation of the human habitat (a place of comfort and safety) from the ''outside'' (a place that may be harsh and harmful at times). buildings have been objects or canvasses of much artistic expression. In recent years, interest in sustainable planning and building pract ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ÃŽle-de-France (region)
The ÃŽle-de-France (; ; ) is the most populous of the eighteen regions of France, with an official estimated population of 12,271,794 residents on 1 January 2023. Centered on the capital Paris, it is located in the north-central part of the country and often called the Paris Region (, ). ÃŽle-de-France is densely populated and retains a prime economic position on the national stage, and it covers , about 2% of metropolitan French territory. Its 2017 population was nearly one-fifth of the national total. The region is made up of eight administrative departments: Paris, Essonne, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, Seine-et-Marne, Val-de-Marne, Val-d'Oise and Yvelines. It was created as the "District of the Paris Region" in 1961. In 1976, when its status was aligned with the French administrative regions created in 1972, it was renamed after the historic province of ÃŽle-de-France. Residents are sometimes referred to as ''Franciliens'', an administrative word created in the 1980s. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ÃŽle-de-France Tramway Line 8
Île-de-France tramway Line 8 (usually called simply T8, also known as Tram'y in project phase) is part of the modern tram network of the Île-de-France region of France. Line 8 connects two branches beginning at Villetaneuse-Université station and Épinay-Orgemont and ' Paris Métro station in Saint-Denis, in the northern suburbs of Paris. The line has a length of and 17 stations. It opened to the public on 16 December 2014. The line is operated by the RATP Group under contract with Île-de-France Mobilités Île-de-France Mobilités (IDFM) is the governmental authority ( EPA) that controls and coordinates the different companies operating the Paris-area public transport network and the rest of the Île-de-France region. In this capacity, it issu .... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Line 8 Tram lines in Île-de-France Ile-de-France tramway Line 8 Standard-gauge railways in France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grande Ceinture Line
The Grande Ceinture line (, ) is a Rail transport, railway line around Paris, located from the Boulevard Périphérique. The decision to build it was taken at the end of the 19th century, to connect the radial lines linking the capital to the provinces and provide relief to the busy Chemin de fer de Petite Ceinture, Petite Ceinture Line (). Description The Grande Ceinture is now entirely dedicated to freight traffic in its northern and eastern section between Gare de Sartrouville, Sartrouville and Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, linking up the western (Normandy), northern (Picardie, Benelux, Great Britain), east (Lorraine (region), Lorraine, Alsace, Germany) and south-eastern and south-western routes and their extensions into Italy, Switzerland and Spain, and the connections between the different factories of Île-de-France (region), Île-de-France. It linked up the classification yard, marshalling yards of Achères, Villeneuve-Saint-Georges and Bourget until the closure of the first t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tram Express Nord
A tram (also known as a streetcar or trolley in Canada and the United States) is an urban rail transit in which Rolling stock, vehicles, whether individual railcars or multiple-unit trains, run on tramway tracks on urban public streets; some include segments on segregated Right-of-way (property access), right-of-way. The tramlines or tram networks operated as public transport are called tramways or simply trams/streetcars. Because of their close similarities, trams are commonly included in the wider term ''light rail'', which also includes systems separated from other traffic. Tram vehicles are usually lighter and shorter than Main line (railway), main line and rapid transit trains. Most trams use electrical power, usually fed by a Pantograph (transport), pantograph sliding on an overhead line; older systems may use a trolley pole or a bow collector. In some cases, a contact shoe on a third rail is used. If necessary, they may have dual power systems—electricity in city stre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marl
Marl is an earthy material rich in carbonate minerals, Clay minerals, clays, and silt. When Lithification, hardened into rock, this becomes marlstone. It is formed in marine or freshwater environments, often through the activities of algae. Marl makes up the lower part of the White cliffs of Dover, cliffs of Dover, and the Channel Tunnel follows these marl layers between France and the United Kingdom. Marl is also a common sediment in post-glacial lakes, such as the marl ponds of the northeastern United States. Marl has been used as a soil conditioner and neutralizing agent for acid soil and in the manufacture of cement. Description Marl or marlstone is a carbonate mineral, carbonate-rich mud or mudstone which contains variable amounts of Clay minerals, clays and silt. The term was originally loosely applied to a variety of materials, most of which occur as loose, earthy deposits consisting chiefly of an intimate mixture of clay and calcium carbonate, formed under freshwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SNCF
The Société nationale des chemins de fer français (, , SNCF ) is France's national State-owned enterprise, state-owned railway company. Founded in 1938, it operates the Rail transport in France, country's national rail traffic along with that of Monaco, including the TGV, on France's high-speed rail network. Its functions include operation of railway services for passengers and freight (through its subsidiaries SNCF Voyageurs and Rail Logistics Europe), as well as maintenance and signalling of rail infrastructure (SNCF#Divisions, SNCF Réseau). The railway network consists of about of route, of which are high-speed lines and electrified. About 14,000 trains are operated daily. In 2010 the SNCF was ranked 22nd in France and 214th globally on the Fortune Global 500, ''Fortune'' Global 500 list. It is the main business of the SNCF Group, which in 2020 had €30 billion of sales in 120 countries. The SNCF Group employs more than 275,000 employees in France and around the worl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemins De Fer Du Nord
The Chemins de fer du Nord at National Railway Museum website. Retrieved 28 July 2013 ( or ''CF du Nord''; ) often referred to simply as the Nord company, was a company founded in September 1845 in . It was owned by, among others, de Rothschild Frères of France, N M Rothschild ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
