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Émile Dorand
Jean-Baptiste Émile Dorand (14 May 1866 – 1 July 1922), was a French military engineer and aircraft designer. Early career Émile Dorand was born in Semur-en-Auxois in eastern France. He attended the École Polytechnique from 1886 to 1888 in the Latin Quarter of Paris. He then went to the Fontainebleau Application School, a military college, which he left after two years as a Lieutenant in the French Army. In an engineering regiment, he met the airship pioneer Charles Renard, and was soon authorised to direct free balloon flights. He studied aeronautics and the problems of flight including working to improve kites, long range photography, and flight test methodology. From 1895 to 1896, he was assigned to the Expeditionary Engineer Corps with whom he managed hydrogen balloons and bridging equipment in Madagascar. He returned to France as a Captain, and was posted to Avignon, Dijon and Versailles. Aircraft development and design In 1907 he moved to the Research Laboratory f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semur-en-Auxois
Semur-en-Auxois () is a commune of the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France. The politician François Patriat, the engineers Edmé Régnier L'Aîné (1751–1825) and Émile Dorand (1866-1922), and the Encyclopédiste Philippe Guéneau de Montbeillard (1720–1785) were born in Semur-en-Auxois, while the military engineer Vauban (1633–1707) was educated at the Carmelite college. Semur-en-Auxois has a medieval core, built on a pink granite bluff more than half-encircled by the River Armançon. The river formerly provided motive power for tanneries and mills, but its flow is now somewhat reduced by the Lac de Pont. The dam was built upstream in the 19th century to provide water for the Canal de Bourgogne. Sport Semur-en-Auxois was the start of Stage 6 in the 2007 Tour de France. International relations Semur-en-Auxois is twinned with: * Cranleigh in Surrey, UK ''(since 2008)'' * Laigueglia in Italy * Höhr-Grenzhausen in Germany Population Sights *The church, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shock Absorber
A shock absorber or damper is a mechanical or hydraulic device designed to absorb and damp shock impulses. It does this by converting the kinetic energy of the shock into another form of energy (typically heat) which is then dissipated. Most shock absorbers are a form of dashpot (a damper which resists motion via viscous friction). Description Pneumatic and hydraulic shock absorbers are used in conjunction with cushions and springs. An automobile shock absorber contains spring-loaded check valves and orifices to control the flow of oil through an internal piston (see below). One design consideration, when designing or choosing a shock absorber, is where that energy will go. In most shock absorbers, energy is converted to heat inside the viscous fluid. In hydraulic cylinders, the hydraulic fluid heats up, while in air cylinders, the hot air is usually exhausted to the atmosphere. In other types of shock absorbers, such as electromagnetic types, the dissipated energy can be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Negative Stagger
In aviation, stagger is the relative horizontal fore-aft positioning of stacked wings in a biplane, triplane, or multiplane. An aircraft is said to have ''positive stagger'', or simply ''stagger'', when the upper wing is positioned forward of the lower (bottom) wing,NACA technical report No.310 ''Wind Tunnel Pressure Distribution Tests on a Series of Biplane Wing Models'' (July 1929), p.17. Retrieved on 8 February 2009. Examples include the de Havilland Tiger Moth or Stearman. Conversely, an aeroplane is said to have ''negative stagger'' in unusual cases where the upper wing is pos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dorand AR
The Dorand AR.1 was a World War I French two-seat observation biplane aircraft used by the French Air Force, the American Expeditionary Force and, in small numbers, by Serbian Aviation. Design and development Designed by Captain Georges Lepère of the STAé to replace the obsolescent Farman F.40 pusher aircraft, Dorand AR-series were two-seater reconnaissance biplanes that were named after the STAé director, Lt. Col. Dorand. They were characterized by backward-staggered two-bay wings and angular all-moving tail surfaces. The pilot sat beneath the leading edge of the upper wing, with the observer's cockpit being under the trailing edge, and there were cut-outs in both wings to improve the latter's field of view. Rather unusually for a single-engine tractor biplane of the era, the lower wing was not directly attached to the fuselage, instead being somewhat below it, supported by struts. Production of these aircraft began in a state-owned French Army Aircraft Establishment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Service Technique De L'Aéronautique
The ''Service technique de l'aéronautique'' (STAé) was a French state body responsible for coordinating technical aspects of aviation in France. Formed in 1916 as the Section technique de l'aéronautique the STAé continued until 1980 when its functions were distributed among other French governmental bodies, including the Service technique des programmes aéronautiques (STPA), ''Service technique des télécommunications et des équipements aéronautiques'' (STPA) and the ''Service central de la production, des prix et de la maintenance'' (SCPM). History In 1877 ''l'Établissement central de l'aérostation militaire de Chalais-Meudon'' (Central Establishment of the air balloon of Chalais- Meudon) was formed as the first aeronautical laboratory in the world, with a mission to design and assemble all French military aero-static equipment, from components made in industry, and train personnel in their use. At the beginning of 1916 French military aircraft were being surpassed in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dorand AR 2 Dwg
__NOTOC__ This is a list of aircraft in alphabetical order beginning with 'Df-Dz'. Df-Dz DF Helicopters * DF Helicopters DF333 * DF Helicopters DF334 DFS (''Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug'') ''see also:'' RRG * DFS 39 * DFS 40 * DFS 54 * DFS 193 * DFS 194 * DFS 203 * DFS 228 * DFS 230 * DFS 230F (despite designation it was a totally new aircraft) * DFS 331 * DFS 332 * DFS 346 * DFS B6 * DFS Condor * DFS E 32 * DFS Einheitsschulflugzeug * DFS Fliege IIa * DFS Ha III * DFS Habicht * DFS Hangwind * DFS Hol's der Teufel * DFS Jacht 71 * DFS Kranich * DFS Maikäfer * DFS Mo 6 * DFS Mo 12 * DFS Moazag'otl * DFS Olympia Meise * DFS Präsident * DFS Professor * DFS Reiher * DFS Rhönbussard * DFS Rhönadler * DFS Rhönsperber * DFS São Paulo * DFS Seeadler * DFS SG 38 * DFS Stanavo * DFS Weihe DFW (''Deutsche Flugzeug-Werke G.m.b.H'') * DFW B.I * DFW B.II * DFW C-type * DFW C.I * DFW C.II * DFW C.III * DFW C.IV * DFW C.V * DFW C.VI * DFW D.I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dorand DO
__NOTOC__ This is a list of aircraft in alphabetical order beginning with 'Df-Dz'. Df-Dz DF Helicopters * DF Helicopters DF333 * DF Helicopters DF334 DFS (''Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug'') ''see also:'' RRG * DFS 39 * DFS 40 * DFS 54 * DFS 193 * DFS 194 * DFS 203 * DFS 228 * DFS 230 * DFS 230F (despite designation it was a totally new aircraft) * DFS 331 * DFS 332 * DFS 346 * DFS B6 * DFS Condor * DFS E 32 * DFS Einheitsschulflugzeug * DFS Fliege IIa * DFS Ha III * DFS Habicht * DFS Hangwind * DFS Hol's der Teufel * DFS Jacht 71 * DFS Kranich * DFS Maikäfer * DFS Mo 6 * DFS Mo 12 * DFS Moazag'otl * DFS Olympia Meise * DFS Präsident * DFS Professor * DFS Reiher * DFS Rhönbussard * DFS Rhönadler * DFS Rhönsperber * DFS São Paulo * DFS Seeadler * DFS SG 38 * DFS Stanavo * DFS Weihe DFW (''Deutsche Flugzeug-Werke G.m.b.H'') * DFW B.I * DFW B.II * DFW C-type * DFW C.I * DFW C.II * DFW C.III * DFW C.IV * DFW C.V * DFW C.VI * DFW D.I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalais-Meudon
Chalais-Meudon is an aeronautical research and development centre in Meudon, to the south-west of Paris. It was originally founded in 1793 in the nearby Château de Meudon and has played an important role in the development of French aviation. Balloons The story of aviation at Chalais-Meudon starts in October 1793 when the French Public Safety Committee ordered the construction of an observation balloon capable of carrying two observers. The old royal grounds at Meudon were allocated for this work, with the Château de Meudon chosen as the centre, with Nicolas-Jacques Conté as director. Two French Balloon Corps balloon companies had already been created, and the new organisation's role was to build balloons and train their pilots and operators. The first balloon, the ''Entreprenant'', was built within four months, and on 31 October 1794, the National School of Ballooning was created, with Conté as its director. Many other balloons were then built in a short period, including, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aéronautique Militaire
The French Air and Space Force (AAE) (french: Armée de l'air et de l'espace, ) is the air and space force of the French Armed Forces. It was the first military aviation force in history, formed in 1909 as the , a service arm of the French Army; it became an independent military branch in 1934 as the French Air Force. On 10 September 2020, it assumed its current name, the French Air and Space Force, to reflect an "evolution of its mission" into the area of outer space. The number of aircraft in service with the French Air and Space Force varies depending on the source; the Ministry of Armed Forces gives a figure of 658 aircraft in 2014. According to 2018 data, this figure includes 210 combat aircraft: 115 Dassault Mirage 2000 and 95 Dassault Rafale. As of 2021, the French Air and Space Force employs a total of 40,500 regular personnel, with a reserve element of 5,187 in 2014. The Chief of Staff of the French Air and Space Force (CEMAAE) is a direct subordinate of the Chief ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
