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(Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl Acetate
Various tetradecadienyl acetate compounds serve as insect mating pheromones especially among the Pyralidae. These include: * '' Prionoxystus robiniaea'' mating attractant . * '' Accosus centerensis'' mating attractant * ''Borkhausenia schefferella'' mating attractant * '' Conistra vaccinii'' mating attractant * (abbr. Z9,E11-14:Ac) ''Spodoptera littoralis'' and '' S. litura'' mating attractant and mating inhibitor. Female pheromone, lures males. Used by McVeigh and Bettany 1986 and Downham ''et al.'', 1995 over the course of three years in a 99:1 with . Although they achieved good mating disruption this did not result in lower egg mass or population. The results of Campion ''et al.'', 1980 suggest that may be due to the need for other, minor female volatiles. Martinez ''et al.'', 1993 study control of its synthesis in ''S. littoralis'' by hormones, finding that the reduction step may be controlled by pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide. * ''Plodia interpu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insect Mating Pheromone
Sex pheromones are pheromones released by an organism to attract an individual of the same species, encourage them to mate with them, or perform some other function closely related with sexual reproduction. Sex pheromones specifically focus on indicating females for breeding, attracting the opposite sex, and conveying information on species, age, sex and genotype. Non-volatile pheromones, or cuticular contact pheromones, are more closely related to social insects as they are usually detected by direct contact with chemoreceptors on the antennae or feet of insects. Insect sex pheromones have found uses in monitoring and trapping of pest insects. Evolution Sex pheromones have evolved in many species. The many types of pheromones (i.e. alarm, aggregation, defense, sexual attraction) all have a common cause acting as chemical cues to trigger a response. However, sex pheromones are particularly associated with signaling mating behaviors or dominance. The odors released can be seen as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insect Volatile
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are organic compounds that have a high vapour pressure at room temperature. High vapor pressure correlates with a low boiling point, which relates to the number of the sample's molecules in the surrounding air, a trait known as volatility. VOCs are responsible for the odor of scents and perfumes as well as pollutants. VOCs play an important role in communication between animals and plants, e.g. attractants for pollinators, protection from predation, and even inter-plant interactions. Some VOCs are dangerous to human health or cause harm to the environment. Anthropogenic VOCs are regulated by law, especially indoors, where concentrations are the highest. Most VOCs are not acutely toxic, but may have long-term chronic health effects. Definitions Diverse definitions of the term VOC are in use. Canada Health Canada classifies VOCs as organic compounds that have boiling points roughly in the range of . The emphasis is placed on commonly encounte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cadra Figulilella
''Cadra figulilella'', the raisin moth, is a moth of the family Pyralidae. The raisin moth is known most commonly as a pest that feeds on dried fruits, such as the raisin and date. It covers a range that includes much of the world, primarily situating itself in areas of California, Florida, the Eastern Mediterranean region, and some parts of Africa, Australia, and South America.Phelan, P. L., and T. C. Baker"Information Transmission during Intra- and Interspecific Courtship In Ephestia Elutella and Cadra Figulilella."''Journal of Insect Behavior'' 3.5 (1990): 589-602. Web.Perring, Thomas M., Hamadttu A. F. El-Shafie, and Waqas Wakil"Carob Moth, Lesser Date Moth, and Raisin Moth."''Sustainable Pest Management in Date Palm: Current Status and Emerging Challenges'' (2015): 109-67. Web. The moth prefers to live in a hot, arid climate with little moisture and plentiful harvest for its larvae to feed on. Study of this species is important due to the vast amount of economic damage it c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cadra Cautella
The almond moth or tropical warehouse moth (''Cadra cautella'') is a small, stored-product pest. Almond moths infest flour, bran, oats, and other grains, as well as dried fruits. It belongs to the family of snout moths (Pyralidae), and more specifically to the tribe Phycitini of the huge snout moth subfamily Phycitinae. This species may be confused with the related Indian mealmoth (''Plodia interpunctella'') or the Mediterranean flour moth (''Ephestia kuehniella)'', which are also common pantry pests in the same subfamily. Other common names, particularly in nonbiological literature, are dried currant moth and fig moth, which invite confusion with the close relatives ''Cadra figulilella'' (raisin moth) and ''Cadra calidella'' (dried fruit moth). Like the raisin moth, the almond moth has achieved an essentially cosmopolitan distribution due to inadvertent transport with food products in its larval form. Adults live for about 10 days after eclosion and do not eat, but may drink i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anagasta Kuehniella
The Mediterranean flour moth or mill moth (''Ephestia kuehniella'') is a moth of the family Pyralidae. It is a common pest of cereal grains, especially flour. This moth is found throughout the world, especially in countries with temperate climates. It prefers warm temperatures for more rapid development, but it can survive a wide range of temperatures. The Mediterranean flour moth is frequently found in warm places with stored grain products, such as flour mills and bakeries, where it can breed year round. Flour mills have a particular problem with the Mediterranean flour moth because the caterpillars spin silk that clogs machinery. The most effective pest control strategy for this moth is sanitation of facilities and sealing grain containers to prevent infestation, but some pesticides may also be used. Description Adult Mediterranean flour moths have pale gray bodies. Their forewings are gray with black zigzag markings while the hindwings are an off-white color. The wingspan is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attractant
An attractant is any chemical that attracts an organism, e.g. i) synthetic lures; ii) aggregation and sex pheromones (intraspecific interactions); and iii) synomone (interspecific interactions) Synomone An interspecific semiochemical that is beneficial to both interacting organisms, the emitter and receiver, e.g. floral synomone of certain '' Bulbophyllum'' species ( Orchidaceae) attracts fruit fly males ( Tephritidae: Diptera) as pollinators. In this true mutualistic inter-relationship, both organisms gain benefits in their respective sexual reproduction - i.e. orchid flowers are pollinated and the ''Dacini'' fruit fly males are rewarded with a sex pheromone precursor or booster; and the floral synomones, also act as rewards to pollinators, are in the form of phenylpropanoid The phenylpropanoids are a diverse family of organic compounds that are synthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. Their name is derived from the six-carbon, aromatic phen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adoxophyes Fasciata
''Adoxophyes fasciata'' is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Japan (Honshu, Hokkaido), Taiwan and China. The length of the forewings is 7–9 mm for males and 9–11.5 mm for females. The forewings are dull cinnamon-brown in females and yellowish brown in males. The larvae are polyphagous and a pest on various fruit crops, including ''Malus ''Malus'' ( or ) is a genus of about 30–55 species of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae, including the domesticated orchard apple, crab apples, wild apples, and rainberries. The genus is native to the temperate zo ...'' species. They cause damage to foliage, blossoms and fruits., 1998: The Japanese species of the genus ''Adoxophyes Meyrick'' (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). ''Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan'' 49(3): 159-173. Abstract and full article References Moths described in 1900 Adoxophyes Moths of Asia {{adoxophyes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sex Pheromone
Sex pheromones are pheromones released by an organism to attract an individual of the same species, encourage them to mate with them, or perform some other function closely related with sexual reproduction. Sex pheromones specifically focus on indicating females for breeding, attracting the opposite sex, and conveying information on species, age, sex and genotype. Non-volatile pheromones, or cuticular contact pheromones, are more closely related to social insects as they are usually detected by direct contact with chemoreceptors on the antennae or feet of insects. Insect sex pheromones have found uses in monitoring and trapping of pest insects. Evolution Sex pheromones have evolved in many species. The many types of pheromones (i.e. alarm, aggregation, defense, sexual attraction) all have a common cause acting as chemical cues to trigger a response. However, sex pheromones are particularly associated with signaling mating behaviors or dominance. The odors released can be seen as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine United States Minor Outlying Islands, Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in Compact of Free Association, free association with three Oceania, Pacific Island Sovereign state, sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Palau, Republic of Palau. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders Canada–United States border, with Canada to its north and Mexico–United States border, with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the List of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insecticide Registration
Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests. This includes herbicide, insecticide, nematicide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, rodenticide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent, microbicide, fungicide, and lampricide. The most common of these are herbicides which account for approximately 80% of all pesticide use. Most pesticides are intended to serve as plant protection products (also known as crop protection products), which in general, protect plants from weeds, fungi, or insects. As an example, the fungus '' Alternaria solani'' is used to combat the aquatic weed '' Salvinia''. In general, a pesticide is a chemical (such as carbamate) or biological agent (such as a virus, bacterium, or fungus) that deters, incapacitates, kills, or otherwise discourages pests. Target pests can include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, molluscs, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms), and microbes that destroy property, cause nuisance, or spr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Environmental Protection Agency
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent executive agency of the United States federal government tasked with environmental protection matters. President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA on July 9, 1970; it began operation on December 2, 1970, after Nixon signed an executive order. The order establishing the EPA was ratified by committee hearings in the House and Senate. The agency is led by its administrator, who is appointed by the president and approved by the Senate. The current administrator is Michael S. Regan. The EPA is not a Cabinet department, but the administrator is normally given cabinet rank. The EPA has its headquarters in Washington, D.C., regional offices for each of the agency's ten regions and 27 laboratories. The agency conducts environmental assessment, research, and education. It has the responsibility of maintaining and enforcing national standards under a variety of environmental laws, in consultation with state, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plodia Interpunctella
The Indianmeal moth (''Plodia interpunctella''), also spelled Indian meal moth and Indian-meal moth, is a pyraloid moth of the family Pyralidae. Alternative common names are weevil moth, pantry moth, flour moth or grain moth. The almond moth (''Cadra cautella'') and the raisin moth ('' Cadra figulilella'') are commonly confused with the Indian-meal moth due to similar food sources and appearance. The species was named for feeding on Indian meal or cornmeal, and does not occur natively in India. It is also not to be confused with the Mediterranean flour moth (''Ephestia kuehniella''), another common pest of stored grains. ''P. interpunctella'' larvae (caterpillars) are commonly known as waxworms. It is important to note that they are not the same species as the waxworms often bred as animal feed. Rather, they are a common grain-feeding pest found around the world, consuming cereals, fruits, and similar products. Substantial efforts have been taken in the United States t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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