Tapinocephalidae

Tapinocephalidae is an extinct family of herbivorous dinocephaliantherapsids. They are known from Russia, southern Africa, and Brazil, and probably were widely distributed across Pangaea. They flourished briefly during the Wordian and Capitanian ages, radiating into several lineages, existing simultaneously, and differing mainly in details of the skull and, to a lesser degree, the skeleton. It has been debated whether or not they were semi-aquatic. They had thick, domed heads and are widely thought to have engaged in head-butting contests against rival individuals of the same species.