Topic summary
Taino

Extracted from the Wikipedia article Taíno.
References
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A member of an Indigenous people inhabiting the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas at the time of the arrival of Columbus. In recent use also as a self-designation by people of Caribbean origin descended from this Indigenous people.
(Subscription or participating institution membership required.)"Native Knowledge 360° | Frequently Asked Questions". americanindian.si.edu 2025.Who are the Taíno? Arawak-speaking peoples from South America began settling the Caribbean islands more than 2,000 years ago. Their descendants, the Taíno, reside on the Greater Antilles and surrounding islands. The Spanish first recorded the term Taíno in 1493. Today many Caribbean people with Native ancestry embrace calling themselves Taíno.
"Taínos & Caribbean Indigenous Peoples | ORIAS". orias.berkeley.edu 2025.Taínos: Main cultural group in the Caribbean's Greater Antilles during 1200-1500 CE. Taínos are descendants of the South American Arawak population, and evolved from the earlier Osteonoid population, with Saladoid influence. Many times, Taíno is used to refer to pre-Taíno groups.
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The Taino and masked Puerto Ricans form a clade that branches off the South American lineage. [...] we find that the native component in present-day Puerto Rican genomes is closely related to the ancient Taino, demonstrating an element of continuity between precontact populations and present-day Latino populations in the Caribbean despite the disruptive effects of European colonisation.
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...a recent nationwide genetic study established that 15 percent to 18 percent of Dominicans had Amerindian markers in their mitochondrial DNA, testifying to the continued presence of Taíno genes. [...] [Juan C. Martínez Cruzado] reported that 61.1 percent of those surveyed had mitochondrial DNA of indigenous origin, indicating a persistence in the maternal line that surprised him and his fellow scientists. [...] With [Alejandro Hartmann Matos], [José Barreiro] has been tracking Indigenous descendants since 1989. Based on their research, the pair estimate that at least 5,000 Natives survive in Cuba, while hundreds of thousands likely have indigenous roots.
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...suelen tener dos o tres, y los principales, hasta diez, quince y veinte.
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