Silane

SiH₄Molar mass32.117 g·mol Appearance Colorless gas OdorRepulsive Density1.313g/L Melting point−185 °C (−301.0 °F; 88.1 K) Boiling point−111.9 °C (−169.4 °F; 161.2 K)

Solubility in water

Reacts slowly Vapor pressure>1atm (20 °C) Conjugate acidSilanium (sometimes spelled silonium) Structure

Molecular shape

Tetrahedral
r(Si-H) = 1.4798Å

Dipole moment

0DThermochemistry

Heat capacity(C)

42.81J/mol·K

Std molar
entropy(S₂₉₈)

204.61J/mol·K

Std enthalpy of
formation(Δ_fH₂₉₈)

34.31kJ/mol

Gibbs free energy(Δ_fG)

56.91kJ/mol Hazards Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):

Main hazards

Extremely flammable, pyrophoric in air GHS labelling:

Pictograms

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H220

Precautionary statements

P210, P222, P230, P280, P377, P381, P403, P410+P403NFPA 704 (fire diamond)

1

4

3

Flash pointNot applicable, pyrophoric gas

Autoignition
temperature

~ 18 °C (64 °F; 291 K) Explosive limits1.37–100% NIOSH (US health exposure limits):

PEL (Permissible)

None

REL (Recommended)

TWA 5ppm (7mg/m)

IDLH (Immediate danger)

N.D. Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0564Related compounds

Related tetrahydride compounds

Methane
Germane
Stannane
Plumbane

Related compounds

Phenylsilane
Vinylsilane
Disilane
Trisilane

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

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Silane (silicane) is an inorganic compound with chemical formulaSiH₄. It is a colorless, pyrophoric gas with a sharp, repulsive, pungent smell, somewhat similar to that of acetic acid. Silane is of practical interest as a precursor to elemental silicon. Silanes with alkyl groups are effective water repellents for mineral surfaces such as concrete and masonry. Silanes with both organic and inorganic attachments are used as coupling agents. They are commonly used to apply coatings to surfaces or as an adhesion promoter.