Seizures

Classification

Seizures are classified according to their site of onset in the brain, clinical features, and level of consciousness during the episode. In 2025, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) released an updated classification of seizures that distinguishes four major types: focal, generalized, unknown whether focal or generalized, and unclassified seizures. Seizures are further characterized based on whether consciousness is preserved or impaired, as determined by responsiveness during the event.