Panicoideae

Panicoideae is the second-largest subfamily of the grasses with over 3,500 species, mainly distributed in warm temperate and tropical regions. It comprises some important agricultural crops, including sugarcane, maize (or corn), millet, sorghum, and switchgrass.

C₄ photosynthesis evolved independently a number of times in the subfamily, which presumably had a C₃ ancestor.