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Topic summary

Nitromethane

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Names Preferred IUPAC name
Nitromethane
Other names
Nitrocarbol
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Abbreviations MeNO2ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard100.000.797KEGG
RTECS number
  • PA9800000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3
    Key: LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/CH3NO2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3
    Key: LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYAW
  • C[N+](=O)[O-]
Properties CH3NO2Molar mass61.040 g·mol Appearance colorless, oily liquid OdorLight, fruity Density1.1371 g/cm (20 °C) Melting point−28.7 °C (−19.7 °F; 244.5 K) Boiling point101.2 °C (214.2 °F; 374.3 K) Critical point (T, P) 588 K, 6.0 MPa ca. 10 g/100 mL Solubilitymiscible in diethyl ether, acetone, ethanol, methanolVapor pressure28 mmHg (20 °C) Acidity (pKa)
  • 10.21 (H2O)
  • 17.2 (DMSO)
−21.0·10 cm/mol Thermal conductivity0.204 W/(m·K) at 25 °C 1.3817 (20 °C) Viscosity0.63 cP at 25 °C 3.46 Explosive data Shock sensitivityLow Friction sensitivityLow Detonation velocity6400 m/s Thermochemistry 106.6 J/(mol·K) 171.8 J/(mol·K) −112.6 kJ/mol −14.4 kJ/mol -709 kJ/mol 9.7 kJ/mol 38.3 kJ/mol Hazards Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Flammable, health hazard GHS labelling: DangerH203, H226, H301, H331, H351P210, P261, P280, P304+P340, P312, P370+P378, P403+P233NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
2
3
3
Flash point35 °C (95 °F; 308 K) 418 °C (784 °F; 691 K) Explosive limits7–22% 20 ppm Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): 940 mg/kg (oral, rat)
950 mg/kg (oral, mouse) 750 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)
125 mg/kg (dog, oral) 7087 ppm (mouse, 2 h)
1000 ppm (monkey)
2500 ppm (rabbit, 12 h)
5000 ppm (rabbit, 6 h) NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m)
REL (Recommended)
none
IDLH (Immediate danger)
750 ppm Related compounds Nitroethane
Related compounds
methyl nitrite
methyl nitrateSupplementary data page Nitromethane (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Nitromethane, sometimes shortened to simply "nitro", is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3NO2. It is the simplest organic nitro compound. It is a polar liquid commonly used as a solvent in a variety of industrial applications such as in extractions, as a reaction medium, and as a cleaning solvent. As an intermediate in organic synthesis, it is used widely in the manufacture of pesticides, explosives, fibers, and coatings. Nitromethane is used as a fuel additive in various motorsports and hobbies, e.g. Top Fueldrag racing and miniature internal combustion engines in radio control, control line and free flight model aircraft.

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