Hydrogenosome

A hydrogenosome is a double membrane-enclosed organelle found in some anaerobic eukaryotes such as ciliates, flagellates and fungi. Hydrogenosome is a type of mitochondrion that produces energy (ATP molecules) in the absence of oxygen, and lacks membrane foldings (cristae), unlike typical mitochondria. They are considered to have evolved from mitochondria to produce molecular hydrogen and ATP in anaerobic conditions.

Hydrogenosomes were discovered in 1973 by Donald Gustav Lindmark and Miklós Müller. Because hydrogenosomes hold evolutionary lineage significance for organisms living in anaerobic or oxygen-stressed environments, many research institutions have since documented their findings on how the organelle differs in various sources.